Order of the Rising Sun

Order of the Rising Sun 旭日章
1st Class Grand Cordon Order of the Rising Sun
Awarded by the Emperor of Japan
Type	Order
Awarded for	long and/or especially meritorious civil or military service
Status	Currently constituted
Sovereign	His Imperial Majesty The Emperor
Grades (w/ post-nominals)	1st through 8th Class
Established	April 10, 1875
Precedence
Next (higher)	Order of the Paulownia Flowers
Next (lower)	Order of the Precious Crown

The Order of the Rising Sun (旭日章, Kyokujitsu shō^?) is a Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji of Japan. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese Government,^[1] created on April 10, 1875 by decree of the Council of State.^[2] The badge features rays of sunlight from the rising sun. The design of the Rising Sun symbolizes energy as powerful as the rising sun^[3] in parallel with the "rising sun" concept of Japan ("Land of the Rising Sun").

US Navy Admiral Dennis C. Blair being presented the badge and ribbon of Order of the Rising Sun. (2005)

It is the second most prestigious Japanese decoration after the Order of the Chrysanthemum;^[4] however the Chrysanthemum is generally only awarded to politicians, military leaders, or royalty. The modern version of this honor has been conferred on non-Japanese recipients beginning in 1981 (although several foreigners were given the honor before World War II); and women were awarded the Order starting in 2003 (previously, women were awarded the Order of the Precious Crown).^[5] The awarding of the Order is administered by the Decoration Bureau of Office of the Prime Minister. It is awarded in the name of the Emperor and can be awarded posthumously.

It can be awarded to Japanese as well as non-Japanese nationals.

Classes

The Order can be awarded in any of these nine classes. Conventionally, a diploma is prepared to accompany the insignia of the order, and in some rare instances, the personal signature of the emperor will have been added. As an illustration of the wording of the text, a translation of a representative 1929 diploma says:

By the grace of Heaven, Emperor of Japan, seated on the throne occupied by the same dynasty from time immemorial,

We confer the Second Class of the Imperial Order of Meiji upon Henry Waters Taft, a citizen of the United States of America and a director of the Japan Society of New York, and invest him with the insignia of the same class of the Order of the Double Rays of the Rising Sun, in expression of the good will which we entertain towards him.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hand and caused the Grand Seal of the Empire to be affixed at the Imperial Palace, Tokio, this thirteenth day of the fifth month of the fourth year of Shōwa, corresponding to the 2,589th year from the accession to the throne of Emperor Jimmu."^[6]

The badge for the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, Grand Cordon is a gilt cross with white enameled rays, bearing a central emblem of a red enameled sun disc surrounded by red rays, and with three paulownia blossoms between each arm of the cross. It is suspended from three enameled paulownia leaves on a sash in red with white border stripes, and is worn on the right shoulder.

The star for the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, Grand Cordon is the same as the badge, but without the paulownia leaves suspension. It is worn on the left chest.

The badge for the First to Sixth Classes is an eight-pointed badge, in gilt (1st-4th Classes), gilt and silver (5th Class), or silver (6th Class), with white enamelled rays, bearing a central red enamelled sun disc. It is suspended from three enamelled paulownia leaves (not chrysanthemum as the Decoration Bureau page claims) on a ribbon in white with red border stripes, worn as a sash on the right shoulder for the 1st Class, as a necklet for the 2nd and 3rd Classes, on the left chest for the 4th to 6th Classes (with a rosette for the 4th Class).

The star for the First and Second Classes is an eight-pointed silver badge, bearing a central emblem identical to the 4th Class badge without the paulownia leaves suspension. It is worn on the left chest for the 1st Class, on the right chest for the 2nd Class.

The badge for the Seventh and Eighth Classes consists of just a silver medal in the shape of three paulownia leaves, enamelled for the 7th Class and plain for the 8th Class. It is suspended on a ribbon, again in white with red border stripes, worn on the left chest.

Selected recipients

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

1st Class, Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, Grand Cordon

In 2003, this highest grade of the Order was elevated, becoming the Order of the Paulownia Flowers. This high honor was conferred on the following people prior to 2003:

Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967)[7] Henry Willard Denison, 1902,[8] John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher (1841–1920)[9] Tom Foley, 1995[10] Robert Walker Irwin (1844–1925)[11] MacArthur, Douglas (1880–1964)[12]

Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1867–1951)[13] Mansfield, Mike (1903–2001)[14] George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven (1892–1938)[9] Nogi Maresuke (1849–1912)[15] George Schultz[16]

1st Class, Grand Cordon

Kemal Derviş, 2009[17] Edmund Allenby, 1921[18] Michael Armacost, 2007[19] Erwin Bälz (1849–1913), 1905 Arthur Barrett, 1921[20] Edmund Barton, 1905[21] Carol Bellamy, 2006[22] Felix von Bendemann, 1906[23] Charles Reed Bishop (1822–1915)[24] Sepp Blatter, 2009[25] Gustave Emile Boissonade (1825–1910), 1909. Laurens Jan Brinkhorst, 2009[26] Arleigh Burke (1901–1996)[27] George W. Casey, Jr. 2010[28] Malcolm Fraser, 2006[3] Kenzaburo Hara (1907–2004) Dennis Hastert, 2010[29] Masaru Ibuka (1908–1997)[30] Daniel Inouye, 2000[31] Henry Jackson (1855–1929)[9] Anerood Jugnauth, 1988[32]

Komura Jutarō (1855–1911)[33] Lee Kuan Yew, 1967[34] Venkataraman Krishnamurthy2009[35] Curtis LeMay (1906–1990)[36] Wangari Maathai, 2009[37] John McEwen 1973[38] Franz-Michael Skjold Mellbin 2011 Robert Menzies (1894–1978)[39] Peter Pace, 2007[40] Hendrik Pieter Nicolaas Muller (1859–1941) William Perry, 2002[41] Herbert Plumer (1857–1932) Pridi Banomyong (1900–1983)[42] Edward A. Rice, Jr.[43] Takeshita Isamu (1869–1949), 1920 John Anthony Cecil Tilley (1869-1952)[44] Goh Chok Tong, 2011[45] Shoichiro Toyoda, 2002[46] Gough Whitlam, 2006[3] Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1837–1913)[47]

2nd Class, Gold and Silver Star

Momofuku Ando (1910–2007), 2002[48] Jagdish Bhagwati, 2006[49] Arden L. Bement, Jr., 2009[26] Louis Bols, 1921[18] Gustave Emile Boissonade (1825–1910), 1876.[50] Georges Hilaire Bousquet (1846–1937), 1898.[51] Horace Capron (1804–1885), 1884[52] William Douglas Crowder, 2008[53] Gerald Curtis, 2005[54] Hugh Elles (1880–1945)[55] Thomas Blake Glover (1838–1911).[56] William Reginald Hall (1870–1943)[9] Lionel Halsey (1872–1946)[9] Donald Keene, 1993[57] David C. Knapp, (1927–2010)[58]

George Trumbull Ladd (1842–1921)[59] Cecil Lambert (1864–1928)[9] Tsung-Dao Lee 2007[60] Charles LeGendre (1830–1899)[61] Hideyo Noguchi (1876–1928)[62] Johannis de Rijke (1842–1913)[63] Vsevolod Rudnev,(1855-1913), 1907[64] Jacob Schiff (1847–1920)[65] Wendell M. Stanley (1904–1971), 1966[66] Michael Ira Sovern[67] Henry W. Taft (1859–1945)[6] Frederick Charles Tudor Tudor (1863–1946)[9] Charles Vaughan-Lee (1867–1928)[9] John Waldron (1909–1975) 1971[68] Bryon Wilfert, 2011[69] Philip Yeo, 2007[70]

3rd Class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon

Ben Nighthorse Campbell, 2011[71] Albert Diamond Cohen, 2011[69] Edwin Cranston, 2009[72] Peter Drysdale, 2001[73] Clint Eastwood, 2009[74] Robert Garfias, 2005[75] Carol Gluck, 2006[76] William Elliot Griffis (1843–1928)[77] Jochem P. Hanse, 2007[78] James Curtis Hepburn (1815–1911)[79] John Charles Hoad (1856–1911)[80] Kano Jigoro (1860–1938)[81] Kusuma Karunaratne[82] George Trumbull Ladd (1842–1921)[83] Miles Wedderburn Lampson (1880–1964)[84]

Norman Macrae (1923-2010), 1988[85] Edwin McClellan (1925–2009)[86] John Milne (1849–1913)[87][88] Earl Miner (1926–2004)[89] Ian Nish, 1991[90] Taiichi Ohno, 1982[91] Susan Pharr, 2008[92] David Rowe-Beddoe, Baron Rowe-Beddoe, 2008[93] Rustum Roy, 2002[94] Edward Seidensticker, 1975[95] Ichimatsu Tanaka (1895–1983), 1967 Patrick Lennox Tierney, 2007[96] Royall Tyler, 2008[97] Willy Vande Walle, 2006[98]

4th Class, Gold Rays with Rosette

Toshiko Akiyoshi, 2004[99] Boris Akunin, 2009[100] Martha Argerich, 2005[101] Henry Pike Bowie, 1848–1921[102] William Penn Brooks, 1888[103] William Elliot Griffis, 1843–1928[77] Steven Heine, 2007[104] Asao Hirano, 2001[105] Rena Kanokogi, 2008[106] Kihachirō Kawamoto, 1995[107] Keisuke Kinoshita, 1912–1998[108] Tommy Lasorda, 2008[109]

Leiji Matsumoto, 2010[110] Kent Nagano, 2008[111] Hideyo Noguchi, 1876–1928[112] Shimaoka Tatsuzo, 1919–2007[113] Frederik L. Schodt, 2009[114] George Shima, 1864–1926[115] George Takei, 2004[116] Masanobu Tsuji, 1902–1961[117] Morihei Ueshiba, 1883–1969[118] H. Paul Varley, 1966[119] Teruaki Yamagishi, 2008[120] Sadao Watanabe, 2005[121] George Kerr (judoka), 2010[122]

5th Class, Gold and Silver Rays

Kenzo Mori (1914–2007)[123] Kiyoshi Nishiyama (1893–1983), awarded 1977[124] Shōshin Nagamine(1907–1997)

Vincenzo Ragusa, 1884 Ronald Stewart Watt, awarded 2010[125]

6th Class, Silver Rays

• Henry Hajimu Fujii (1886–1976)^[126]

7th Class, Green Paulownia Leaves Medal

In 2003, this grade of the Order was abolished.

8th Class, White Paulownia Leaves Medal

In 2003, this grade of the Order was abolished.

Class unknown

• Aung San (1915–1947)^[48]
• de Bary, William Theodore (1993)^[127]
• Burzagli, Ernesto (1873–1944)^[128]
• Craig, Albert M. (1988)^[129]
• Eichelberger, Robert Lawrence (1886–1961)^[130]
• Fortescue, Granville Roland (1875–1952)^[131]
• Frenzel, William^[48]
• Gibney, Frank B. (1976)^[132]
• Grondjis, Louis (1878–1961)
• Hosoya, Judayu (1840–1907)
• Ibrahim, Sultan of Johor (1873–1959)
• Knott, Cargill G. (1856–1922)^[133]
• Koh, Tommy (2009)^[134]
• Kowalewski, Jan (1892–1965)
• Kunz, George Frederick (1856–1932)
• Macrae, Norman, 1988^[135]
• Charles, Count of Limburg Stirum (1906–1989)
• McKenzie, Lionel W. (1995)
• Morrison, George F. (1867–1943)
• Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah, Sultan of Selangor (1893–1955)
• Paine, Godfrey (1871–1932)^[136]
• Patrick, Hugh Talbot (1994)^[137]
• Pyle, Kenneth B. (1999)^[138]
• Powles, John (2008)^[139]
• Raymond, Rossiter W. (1840-1918)
• Sempill, William Francis (1893–1965)^[140]
• Takamine Hideo (1854–1910)
• Tsutakawa, George (1910–1997)
• Wasson, J.R. (1855–1913)^[141]
• Yoshizawa, Akira (1911–2005)^[142]
• Ozaki Yukio (1858–1954)^[143]

Notes

1. ^ "Decorations Bureau web site". .cao.go.jp. http://www8.cao.go.jp/intro/kunsho/english/kyoku.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
2. ^ "Council of State decree". Quanonline.com. http://quanonline.com/military/military_reference/japanese/rising_sun_7.php. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} Embassy of Japan in Australia^{[dead link]}
4. ^ Administration of matters under the direct purview of the Prime Minister: the Honors System^{[dead link]}
5. ^ "Weatherhead East Asian Institute web site - Carol Gluck". Columbia.edu. 2006-05-01. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/weai/news/gluck-risingsun1.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Honor awarded 1929 -- "Japanese Emperor Honors H.W. Taft; Consul-General Gives Insignia for Fostering International Friendship. Diploma Also Presented; Brother of Chief Justice Receives Order of Rising Sun at Exercises Here," New York Times, June 28, 1929.
7. ^ Honor conferred 1963 -- Konrad Adenauer Stiftung: Biographie, Orden und Ehrenzeichen; Kyokujitsu-sho, Orden der Aufgehenden Sonne, 1. Klasse, Großkreuz (22 März 1960); Kyokujitsu Tokwa Daiju-sho (Orden der Aufgehenden Sonne mit Paulownia-Blüten ((2 Dezember 1963). (German)
8. ^ "New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources". Nh.gov. http://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/publications/legport1/denison.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
9. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Honor conferred 1917 -- London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 30363. p. 11322. 30 October 1917. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
10. ^ Trilateral Commission: Foley, bio notes
11. ^ "Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia - Ben Franklin's Descendants in Japan". Jasgp.org. http://jasgp.org/content/view/442/179/. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
12. ^ Department of the Army, Headquarters: General Orders, No. 13. April 6, 1964.
13. ^ "No. 77, ''Nousevan Auringon Ritarikunnan I luokka Paulovniakukkasin, Japani'' (Finnish)". Mannerheim.fi. http://www.mannerheim.fi/13_erity/kunnmerk.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
14. ^ Honor conferred 1990 -- Campi, Alicia. "The Role of Mike Mansfield in Consolidating Mongolia's International Status and in Establishing Diplomatic Relations with the United States," The Mansfield Foundation. May 17, 2007.
15. ^ "Nogi, Maresuke ([Kiten)", Encyclopedia Britannica (12th ed.), Vol. XXX, p. 1139.
16. ^ Sleeman, Elizabeth. (2003). The International Who's Who 2004, p. 1547.
17. ^ Former Administrator, UNDP: 2009 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals, p. 1.
18. ^ ^{a b} London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 32201. p. 572. 18 January 1921. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
19. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): 2007 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals, p. 1.
20. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 32428. p. 6569. 19 August 1921. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
21. ^ Rutledge, Martha. (1979). "Barton, Sir Edmund (1849 - 1920)," Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7, pp 194–200; Scaramouche. "Sir Edmund Barton"
22. ^ Nagashima-Hayashi, Michiko. "Former UNICEF Executive Director receives humanitarian award in Japan," UNICEF web site (2006)]
23. ^ British Library. "Handlist of Japanese Manuscripts Acquired Since 1984," 'Or. 14819 Certificate conferring Order of the Rising Sun on Admiral von Bendemann,' p. 3.
24. ^ First Hawaiian Bank Annual Report, page 15 "Bishop is later awarded the Grand Cordon of the Imperial First Order of the Rising Sun by Japanese Emperor Meiji" [1]
25. ^ FIFA: Honors, Sepp Blatter.
26. ^ ^{a b} Japan Today^{[dead link]}
27. ^ US Naval Historical Center: Biographies in Naval History, Arleigh Burke
28. ^ "Army chief of staff receives 'Order of the Rising Sun' decoration during Japan visit | Article | The United States Army". Army.mil. http://www.army.mil/-news/2010/12/23/49843-army-chief-of-staff-receives-order-of-the-rising-sun-decoration-during-japan-visit/. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
29. ^ [2]^{[dead link]}
30. ^ Kirkup, James. "Obituary: Masaru Ibuka," Independent (London). December 22, 1997.
31. ^ Daniel Inouye, Senate: Awards
32. ^ Mauritius Consulate, Malta: Anerood Jugnauth
33. ^ "The Marquess Komura; A Notable Career," The Times (London). November 25, 1911.
34. ^ Lee Kuan Yew Bio^{[dead link]}
35. ^ "Embassy of Japan in India: Press Releases from the Embassy". In.emb-japan.go.jp. http://www.in.emb-japan.go.jp/Press_Releases_Embassy%5CPR09-2009.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
36. ^ Honor awarded December 6, 1964 -- LeMay, Curtis E. (1965). Mission with LeMay: My story, p, 466.
37. ^ Embassy of the Republic of Kenya in Japan: Wangari Maathai, 2009.
38. ^ C. J. Lloyd. "McEwen, Sir John (1900–1980)". Adb.online.anu.edu.au. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A150245b.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
39. ^ Honor awarded 1973 -- National Archives of Australia
40. ^ Garamone, Jim. "Pace Receives Japanese Emperor’s Rising Sun Award", American Forces Press Service. August 18, 2007.
41. ^ Stamford alumni: William Perry bio; "4,632 people win awards for contributing to Japan," Japan Times, November 3, 2002.
42. ^ Pridi Banomyong, Ma Vie Mouvementee Et Mes 21 Ans D'Xil En Chine Populaire, Paris, 1972
43. ^ "Biographies : GENERAL EDWARD A. RICE JR". Af.mil. http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6896. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
44. ^ Kurita, Shunjiro. (1930). Who's Who in Japan, Vol. 13, p. 40; Cambridge University Alumni 1261-1900
45. ^ S Ramesh. "Goh Chok Tong to receive award from Japanese emperor". channelnewsasia.com. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
46. ^ MCADCafé: "Dr. Shoichiro Toyoda To Receive SAE Foundation's 2005 Manufacturing Leadership Award," PR Newswire. March 15, 2005.
47. ^ Honor awarded 1908 -- Ibaraki Prefecture e-newsletter
48. ^ ^{a b c} NNDB: Order of the Rising Sun
49. ^ "Professor Jagdish N. Bhagwati". Columbia.edu. 2010-07-06. http://www.columbia.edu/~jb38/bio.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
50. ^ Woods, Allan. "Ex-Liberal MP gets his day in the sun". thestar.com. http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1012644--ex-liberal-mp-gets-his-day-in-the-sun. Retrieved 12 October 2011. 
51. ^ "Meiji University". Meiji.ac.jp. http://www.meiji.ac.jp/koho/desukara/sanpomichi/2010/107-fd.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
52. ^ The Laurel Historical Society. "Horace Capron at 200: A Laurel Founder's Life". pp. 1279–1291. Archived from the original on 2006-11-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20061112000116/http://www.laurelhistory.org/exhibits/capron/caproninto.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-25. 
53. ^ "William Douglas Crowder". Navy.mil. http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=85. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
54. ^ "Periscope," Newsweek. December 20, 2004.
55. ^ Tank Museum: Medal Recipients - Order of the Rising Sun, Second Class; Japan: "Elles, Sir Hugh Jamieson."
56. ^ Honor awarded 1908 -- Crossroads: A Journal of Nagasaki History and Culture
57. ^ "Professor Donald Keene". The Donald Keene Center of Japanese Culture at Columbia University. Columbia University. http://www.keenecenter.org/content/view/13/30/. Retrieved 12 October 2011. 
58. ^ "I-House Life". International House News and Information. University of Chicago. http://ihouse.uchicago.edu/alumni/pdf/2010%20Autumn%20I-House%20Life%20Newsletter.pdf. Retrieved 12 October 2011. 
59. ^ Monday, May 08, 1939 (1939-05-08). ""Business: Japanese Strip"". Time.com. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,761252,00.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
60. ^ "Tsung-Dao Lee's Home Page". Tdlee.ccast.ac.cn. http://tdlee.ccast.ac.cn/eindex.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
61. ^ Honor awarded in July 1874 -- Charles LeGendre
62. ^ Honor awarded posthumously 1928 -- "Mikado Honors Dr. Noguchi, New York Times. June 2, 1928.
63. ^ Pinedo, Danielle. "Oer-Hollands; In Japan is Johannis de Rijke nog altijd een beroemdheid," NRC Handelsblad. January 13, 2000.
64. ^ "Russians Awarded Order of the Rising Sun in Japan". Russkiymir.ru. http://www.russkiymir.ru/russkiymir/en/news/common/news1525.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
65. ^ Honor awarded 1907 -- Adler, Cyrus (1921). p. 14; Sakamoto, Pamela Rotner. (1998). Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees, p. 17.
66. ^ "Guide to the Wendell M. Stanley papers, 1926-1972". Content.cdlib.org. http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf3p3003vc&chunk.id=bioghist-1.3.4&brand=lo. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
67. ^ Honor awarded 2003 -- Consulate-General of Japan in New York: "Government Of Japan To Honor Professor Michael Ira Sovern."
68. ^ "Patent of Decoration". http://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_08_2010/post-6750-128250808147.jpg. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
69. ^ ^{a b} "Embassy of Japan in Canada - Media Advisory: Government of Japan to Bestow Honour on Three Canadians". Ca.emb-japan.go.jp. 2011-06-17. http://www.ca.emb-japan.go.jp/canada_e/Japan/media_advisory_jun1711.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
70. ^ Honor awarded 2007 -- Embassy of Japan in Singapore: "Conferment Ceremony for Mr. Philip Yeo, Chairman of SPRING Singapore."
71. ^ "2011 Spring Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2011/6/PDF/110618_01_01.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-19. 
72. ^ Harvard Gazette: Japanese government honors Professor Edwin A. Cranston. 14 May 2009.
73. ^ Peter Dysdale bio notes: 4th I-House Academy: "Japan and China: Toward Asia- Pacific Cooperation," International House of Japan. May 22, 2007.
74. ^ "Japan honors Clint Eastwood in spring decorations," Japan Today. April 29, 2008.
75. ^ "California Ethnomusicologist Dr. Robert Garfias to Receive Japan’s Order of the Rising Sun Award," Alliance for California Traditional Arts (ACTA) Archives.
76. ^ Weatherhead East Asian Institute, The Reed; "Carol Gluck Receives Top Honors from the Japanese Government," Columbia News, October 6, 2006.
77. ^ ^{a b} Honor awarded in 1926 -- Adam Mathew web.
78. ^ "former Commissioner of the Netherlands Foreign Investment Agency and Advisor to the SieboldHuis". Nl.emb-japan.go.jp. http://www.nl.emb-japan.go.jp/e/relation/hanse.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
79. ^ "Japanese Order for Missionary" (PDF). New York Times: p. 13. March 15, 1905. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9904E7DE173DE733A25756C1A9659C946497D6CF. Retrieved 2009-07-25. 
80. ^ Honor awarded 1906 -- Perry, Warren. (1983). "Hoad, Sir John Charles (1856 - 1911)" in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9.
81. ^ NNDB: Order of the Rising Sun; Kosho Kempo, Kano Jigoro
82. ^ Perera, Suharshi. "Woman: An icon in the literary world," Daily News (Sri Lanka). August 9, 2007.
83. ^ "American Honored by the Japanese," The New York Times. October 22, 1899.
84. ^ "Pax Britannica (3rd Class)", Time, May 16, 1932.
85. ^ "Norman Macrae". telegraph.co.uk. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/7847594/Norman-Macrae.html. Retrieved 12 October 2011. 
86. ^ Honor awarded 1998 -- "McClellan Named Sterling Professor of Japanese," Yale Office of Public Affairs. February 3, 1999.
87. ^ L.K. Herbert-Gustar and P.A. Nott published a biography of Milne John Milne, Father of Modern Seismology in 1980 pp 120 ISBN 0-904404-34-X
88. ^ Paul Kabrna "John Milne - the Man who Mapped the Shaking Earth" ISBN 978-0-9555289-0-3 Published by Craven & Pendle Geological Society in March 2007.pp68
89. ^ Quiñones, Eric. "Earl Miner, Specialist in English and Japanese Literature, dies at age 77" Princetonian Weekly Bulletin. May 5, 2004; Europa Publications. (2003). International Who's Who of Authors and Writers 2004, p. 388.
90. ^ Kenrick, Vivienne. "Personality Profile: Ian Nish," Japan Times. September 18, 2004.
91. ^ Taiichi Ohno's Workplace Management, Jon Miller (trans.), Gemba Press 2007, p. xii
92. ^ Consulate General of Japan, Boston.^{[dead link]}
93. ^ Embassy of Japan in the U.K.: Japanese Government honors Lord David Sydney Rowe-Beddoe," December 18, 2008.
94. ^ "Rustum Roy, vita for health groups". Rustumroy.com. http://www.rustumroy.com/vita_for_health_groups%202006.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
95. ^ "University of Hawaiʻi Presents Honorary Degree to Edward George Seidensticker". http://www.uhm.hawaii.edu/news/. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. http://www.uhm.hawaii.edu/news/article.php?aId=176. Retrieved 12 October 2011. 
96. ^ "Consulate General of Japan, Los Angeles". La.us.emb-japan.go.jp. http://www.la.us.emb-japan.go.jp/e_web/e_news_14.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
97. ^ Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs: "2008 Spring Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals," p. 4.
98. ^ Embassy of Japan in Belgium: Decoration Awarding Ceremony of Prof. Dr. W.F. Vande Walle
99. ^ "Toshiko Akiyoshi". Berkeley Agency. http://www.berkeleyagency.com/jazz/toshiko-akiyoshi.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
100. ^ "Библиотека изображений "РИА Новости" :: Галерея". Visualrian.com. http://visualrian.com/images/item/395646. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
101. ^ "Martha Argerich - IMG Artists"
102. ^ Honor awarded 1909 -- "Receives Guests Attired in Kimono," The San Francisco Call. November 29, 1909. p. 22.
103. ^ "UMass Presidents William Penn Brooks". Massachusetts.edu. http://www.massachusetts.edu/presidents/brooks.html. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
104. ^ "Recent Awards," Florida International University, Asian Studies. April 29, 2007.
105. ^ Consulate General of Japan in New York, "Government of Japan to Honor Dr. Asao Hirano," 2001.
106. ^ "Consulate General of Japan in New York's Office". Ny.us.emb-japan.go.jp. http://www.ny.us.emb-japan.go.jp/en/c/2008/japaninfo0812.html#1. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
107. ^ "Puppet animation producer dies". The Japan Times Online. The Japan Times. 28 August 2010. http://search.japantimes.co.jp/rss/nn20100828a4.html. Retrieved 29 August 2010. 
108. ^ Honor awarded 1984 -- Bergan, Ronald. "A satirical eye on Japan: Keisuke Kinoshita, film director; born December 5, 1912; died December 30, 1998," The Guardian (Manchester). January 5, 1999.
109. ^ Lasorda honored by Japan, MLB.com, December 3, 2008
110. ^ "Leiji Matsumoto, Shigeru Mizuki Earn Government Honors - News". Anime News Network. 2011-11-01. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-11-06/leiji-matsumoto-shigeru-mizuki-earn-government-honors. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
111. ^ "Maestro Kent Nagano Awarded Order of the Rising Sun". Consulate-General of Japan in San Francisco. 2008-12-07. http://www.sf.us.emb-japan.go.jp/archives/PR_e/2008/pr_08_1207.htm. 
112. ^ Honor awarded 1915 -- Kita, Atsushi. (2005). Dr. Noguchi's Journey: A Life of Medical Search and Discovery, p. 196.
113. ^ Honor awarded 1999 -- Whiting, David. "Obituary: Tatsuzo Shimaoka; Japanese potter steeped in folk traditions who became a cultural ambassador," The Guardian (Manchester). January 17, 2008.
114. ^ Anime News Network: "Frederik L. Schodt Wins The Order of the Rising Sun Award," April 29, 2009.
115. ^ Yoshimura, Toshio. (1981). George Shima, Potato King and Lover of Chinese Classics, p. 53.
116. ^ "George Tekei, bio notes". Georgetakei.com. http://www.georgetakei.com/bio.asp. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
117. ^ Honor awarded 1942 -- Tsuji, Masanobu. (1997). Japan's Greatest Victory, Britain's Worst Defeat, p. 108.
118. ^ Honor conferred 1964 -- North Austin Tae Kwan Do: "Chronology of the Life of Morihei Ueshiba, Founder of Aikido."
119. ^ Honor awarded 1996 -- Columbia University, Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, Faculty Profiles
120. ^ [3]
121. ^ Sadao Watanabe official website: biography
122. ^ "British Judo Association". Britishjudo.org.uk. http://www.britishjudo.org.uk/home/GeorgeAkihito.php. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
123. ^ Cordileone, Elvira. "Kenzo Mori: An impact on two shores," The Star (Toronto). January 22, 2007.
124. ^ Unpaginated editors' chronology appended to Kiyoshi Nishiyama, Shunkō shūshoku (春光秋色) / Seasonal Aspects of Japan (Tokyo: Asahi Sonorama, 1979) (Japanese)(English).
125. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan): 2010 Spring Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals, p. 8.
126. ^ Honor awarded on 1971 -- Henshall, Mary. "Pioneer Portraits: Henry and Fumiko Fujii," Idaho Yesterdays., Spring, 1975, pp. 20–27; Washington State University Libraries: "Furthering friendship between Japan and the United States, April 1971"
127. ^ Ohio University Libraries. "Scholars and Librarians in East Asian Studies (North America) - William Theodore de Bary". http://cicdatabank.library.ohiou.edu/opac/americanscholar_view.php?bibid%5b%5d=27&num=1&pagenum=10. Retrieved April 21, 2011. 
128. ^ Honor awarded in 1906 -- "Cruiser 'Livia' in Kobe to Greet Italians," Osaka Mainichi. July 28, 1922.
129. ^ Craig, Albert M. (2010). The heritage of Japanese Civilization. Boston: Prentice Hall. pp. Author Bio. ISBN 0-13-600524-1. 
130. ^ "Uncle Bob", Time, September 10, 1945.
131. ^ Arlington National Cemetery: Granville Roland Foretscue
132. ^ Cynthia Peters (4 April 2006). "Frank B. Gibney, 81, One of the Nation's Preeminent Experts on Asia and President of the Pacific Basin Institute at Pomona College, Has Died - Pomona College". http://www.pomona.edu/news/2006/04/10-Frank-Gibney-Dies.aspx. Retrieved 21 April 2011. 
133. ^ Honor awarded 1891 -- Penicuik Community Development Trust (UK): Cargill Gilston Knott
134. ^ ""2009 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals," p. 2." (PDF). http://www.mofa.go.jp/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2009/11/04/2009_Autumn_Conferment_of_Decorations_on_Foreign_Nationals.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-05. 
135. ^ Macrae, Norman. (2000). John von Neumann: the Scientific Genius who Pioneered the Modern Computer, p. 406.
136. ^ Honor awarded 1918 -- RAF web page
137. ^ Honor awarded 1994 -- Weatherhead East Asian Institute, The Reed
138. ^ "Japan's emperor honors uw professor for his work". Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle): pp. B2. 1999. March 25, 1999. 
139. ^ [4]^{[dead link]}
140. ^ Day, Peter. "British aviation pioneer was a spy for Japan," Telegraph (London). February 1, 2002.
141. ^ Honor awarded 1874 -- "A Victory for the Chinese; Japanese Driven with Heavy Loss from Ping-yang," New York Times, August 22, 1894.
142. ^ Honor awarded 1983 -- "Origami artist of stunning originality who became an ambassador for Japanese culture and his art". The Times (London). March 30, 2005; Lister, David. "Obituary: Akira Yoshizawa; Japanese craftsman who singlehandedly revived the art of origami," The Guardian (Manchester). April 8, 2005.
143. ^ Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). ''The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan, p. 393.

References

• Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. ISBN 1-890974-09-9

External links

• Japan, Cabinet Office: Decorations and Medals
  • Decoration Bureau: Order of the Paulownia Flowers
  • Decoration Bureau: Order of the Rising Sun
• Japan Mint: Production Process