Mihăileni, Harghita

Mihăileni Csíkszentmihály
—  Commune  —
Location of Mihăileni, Harghita
Mihăileni Csíkszentmihály Location of Mihăileni, Harghita
Coordinates: 46°28′0″N 25°49′0″E / 46.466667°N 25.816667°E / 46.466667; 25.816667Coordinates: 46°28′0″N 25°49′0″E / 46.466667°N 25.816667°E / 46.466667; 25.816667
Country	Romania
County	Harghita County
Status	Commune
Government
– Mayor	Mihály André (Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania)
Area
– Total	83.64 km2 (32.3 sq mi)
Population (2002)
– Total	2,643
– Density	31.61/km2 (81.9/sq mi)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
– Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal Code	537200
Area code(s)	+40 266
Website	www.csikszentmihaly.ro

Mihăileni (Hungarian: Csíkszentmihály or colloquially Szentmihály, Hungarian pronunciation: [’tʃiːksɛnmihaːj], meaning "St. Michael of Csík") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. The commune lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.

Component villages

The commune is composed of four villages:

In Romanian	In Hungarian
Livezi	Lóvész
Mihăileni	Csíkszentmihály
Nădejdea	Ajnád
Văcăreşti	Vacsárcsi

Location

The centre village is situated in Upper Ciuc along the no. 124 county road. Its inner area is crossed by the Racu (Rákos) Stream. The village was formed at the meeting point of this stream and the Csorgó Stream springing from the Kőd Mountain. The Kőd Peak (845 m) rises to the northeast, the Kőcsonka Peak (886 m) to the north; the Frumoasa Stream crosses the border in the south. In the west it is bordered by the Pagan Mountain (1,195 m), Kőnyak and the Livezi Peak.Several mineral water springs can be found here.^[1]

History

Its name was first recorded in 1333 when a ’sacerdos de Sancto Michaele’ was mentioned in a papal tithe register. In 1539, it was mentioned as Zent Mijhal, in 1684 as Csik Szent Mihály. Its Hungarian name received its current form in 1913. Until, 1919, its Romanian names was Sânmihaiu, then it was changed to Cic-Sânmihaiu, and finally the current official name.^[2] The village suffered a lot in 1694 on occasion of the Tartar invasion, it was then that the neighboring village called Cibrefalva was completely devastated.

The component villages were historically part of the Székely Land area of Transylvania and belonged to Csíkszék district until the administrative reform of Transylvania in 1876, when they fell within Csík County in the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, they became part of Romania and fell within Ciuc County during the interwar period. In 1940, the second Vienna Award granted the Northern Transylvania to Hungary and they were held by Hungary until 1944. After Soviet occupation, the Romanian administration returned and the town became officially part of Romania in 1947. Between 1952 and 1960, the commune fell within the Magyar Autonomous Region, between 1960 and 1968 the Mureş-Magyar Autonomous Region. In 1968, the province was abolished, and since then, the commune has been part of Harghita County.

Aynad on the Josephinische Landaufnahme, 1769-73

Demographics

The commune has an absolute Hungarian (Székely) majority. According to the 2002 census it has a population of 2,643 of which 78.93% or 2,086 are Hungarian. The village of Livezi has an ethnic Romanian majority.^[3]

Anyad, Sz: Mihály and Vacsárcsi on the Josephinische Landaufnahme, 1769-73

Landmarks

• The ruins of the Balaskó Castle are to be found on the Vártető, 6 km to the east of the village.
• Its Roman Catholic fortified church was built between 1457-1467. It was set on fire by the Ottoman Turkish troops in 1661, then by the Tartar troops in 1694. The present church tower was built by Mihály Sándor in memory of his liberation from the Turkish captivity. The church was altered and expanded in 1819. In 1930, wall paintings from the 15th century were found. The wooden sculpture of St. Michael which used to stand on its altar, is now exhibited in the Museum of Miercurea-Ciuc. It was thought to be from the time when Székely people were converted to Christianity.
• The Biális-mansion was built in 1837 in a style characteristic for the mansions used by the Székely nobility,
• The Karakó-railway viaduct is 226 meter long and 64 m high and is the longest of its kind in Transylvania. It was built in 1896 by the Hungarian State Railways (MÁV). The bridge was blown up both in World War I and World War II and it was finally rebuilt by the Romanian Railways Company (CFR) in 1946.

Sports

It has a football club called Străduința Mihăileni (in Hungarian: Csíkszentmihályi Törekvés). Established in 1998, it has been playing in the Harghita district league since that time.

Twinnings

The village is twinned with:

• Enese, Magyarország
• Gabčíkovo, Slovakia
• St.Stefan, Austria

External links

• Pictures of the Roman Catholic Parish Church (Hungarian)
• Roman Catholic Parish Information (Hungarian)
• Tourist Information (Hungarian)
• SZAVISZ - Local Youth Association (Hungarian)

See also

• List of Székely settlements

• 

  Roman Catholic church in Mihăileni
• 

  Nădejdea
• 

  Houses in Livezi
• 

  Romano-catholic church in Văcăreşti

References

1. ^ www.harghita.ro Travelling in Harghita
2. ^ János András Vistai. "Tekintő – Erdélyi Helynévkönyv". p. 986. Transylvanian Toponym Book
3. ^ "Etnikai statisztikák" (in Hungarian). Árpád E. Varga. http://varga.adatbank.transindex.ro/?pg=3&action=etnik&id=381. Retrieved 2010-06-13.