Giemsa stain

Giemsa stain
Giemsa stained trypanosoma parasites (Chagas disease pathogen)
Whirling disease section stained with Giemsa

Giemsa stain, named after Gustav Giemsa, an early German microbiologist, is used in cytogenetics and for the histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites.[1]

Contents

Uses

It is specific for the phosphate groups of DNA and attaches itself to regions of DNA where there are high amounts of adenine-thymine bonding. Giemsa stain is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called G-banding, to stain chromosomes and often used to create an idiogram. It can identify chromosomal aberrations such as translocations and rearrangements.

Giemsa stain is also a differential stain. It can be used to study the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to human cells. It differentially stains human and bacterial cells purple and pink respectively. It can be used for histopathological diagnosis of malaria[2] and some other spirochete and protozoan blood parasites. It is also used in Wolbach's tissue stain.

Giemsa stain is a classical blood film stain for peripheral blood smears and bone marrow specimens. Erythrocytes stain pink, platelets show a light pale pink, lymphocyte cytoplasm stains sky blue, monocyte cytoplasm stains pale blue, and leukocyte nuclear chromatin stains magenta.

Giemsa stain is also used to visualize chromosomes.

Giemsa stain also stains the fungus histoplasma and chlamydia.

It can also be used to identify Mast cells.[3]

Generation

Giemsa's solution is a mixture of methylene blue, eosin, and azure B. The stain is usually prepared from commercially available Giemsa powder.

A thin film of the specimen on a microscope slide is fixed in pure methanol for 30 seconds, by immersing it or by putting a few drops of methanol on the slide. The slide is immersed to a freshly prepared 5% Giemsa stain solution for 20-30 minutes (in emergencies 5-10 minutes in 10% solution can be used), then flushed with tap water and left to dry.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ Giemsa G (1904 Eine Vereinfachung und Vervollkommnung meiner Methylenblau-Eosin-Färbemethode zur Erzielung der Romanowsky-Nocht’schen Chromatinfärbung. Centralblatt für Bakteriologie I Abteilung 32, 307–313.
  2. ^ Shapiro HM, Mandy F (September 2007). "Cytometry in malaria: moving beyond Giemsa". Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology 71 (9): 643–5. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.20453. PMID 17712779. 
  3. ^ Damsgaard TE, Olesen AB, Sørensen FB, Thestrup-Pedersen K, Schiøtz PO (April 1997). "Mast cells and atopic dermatitis. Stereological quantification of mast cells in atopic dermatitis and normal human skin". Arch. Dermatol. Res. 289 (5): 256–60. doi:10.1007/s004030050189. PMID 9164634. http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00403/bibs/7289005/72890256.htm. 
  4. ^ "4.2.2.2". http://www.impact-malaria.com/FR/EPS/Formations_et_cours_internationaux/Formation_de_la_Liverpool_School_LSTMH/cours_liverpool/Unit_4/4_2_2_2.html. 

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Giemsa stain — noun Etymology: Gustav Giemsa died 1948 German chemotherapist Date: circa 1909 a stain consisting of eosin and a blue dye and used chiefly in the differential staining of blood films called also Giemsa, Giemsa s stain • Giemsa stained adjective …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Giemsa stain — Gi·em·sa stain also Giemsa s stain zə(z) n a stain consisting of a mixture of eosin and methylene azure and used chiefly in differential staining of blood films * * * Giem·sa stain (gēmґsə) [Gustav Giemsa, German chemist and… …   Medical dictionary

  • giemsa stain — gēˈemzə noun also giemsa s stain or giemsa Usage: usually capitalized G Etymology: after Gustav Giemsa died 1948 German chemotherapist : a stain consisting of a mixture of eosin and methylene azure and used chiefly in differential staining of… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Giemsa — Gustav, German bacteriologist, 1867–1948. See G. stain, G. chromosome banding stain. * * * Gi·em·sa gē em zə n GIEMSA STAIN Giemsa adj Giemsa Gustav (1867 1948) German chemist and pharmacist. For more than thirty years Giemsa did research at an… …   Medical dictionary

  • Giemsa's stain — noun see Giemsa stain …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • giemsa's stain — noun see giemsa stain …   Useful english dictionary

  • Giemsa — noun see Giemsa stain …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Giemsa-stained — adjective see Giemsa stain …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • giemsa — noun see giemsa stain …   Useful english dictionary

  • stain — 1. To discolor. 2. To color; to dye. 3. A discoloration. 4. A dye used in histologic and bacteriologic technique. 5. A procedure in which a dye or combination of dyes and reagents is used to color the constituents of cells and tissues. For… …   Medical dictionary

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