Nisin

Nisin
Nisin
Identifiers
CAS number 1414-45-5 YesY
PubChem 16219761
ChemSpider 21106355 YesY
UNII EN8XKG133D N
ChEMBL CHEMBL526744 N
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C143H230N42O37S7
Molar mass 3354.07 g/mol
 N (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Nisin is a polycyclic antibacterial peptide with 34 amino acid residues used as a food preservative. It contains the uncommon amino acids lanthionine (Lan), methyllanthionine (MeLan), didehydroalanine (Dha) and didehydroaminobutyric acid (Dhb). These unusual amino acids are introduced by posttranslational modification of the precursor peptide. In these reactions a ribosomally synthesized 57-mer is converted to the final peptide. The unsaturated amino acids originate from serine and threonine, and the enzyme-catalysed addition of cysteine residues to the didehydro amino acids result in the multiple thioether bridges.

Nisin is produced by fermentation using the bacterium Lactococcus lactis. Commercially, it is obtained from the culturing of Lactoccus lactis on natural substrates, such as milk or dextrose, and is not chemically synthesized. It is used in processed cheese, meats, beverages, etc. during production to extend shelf life by suppressing Gram-positive spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. While most bacteriocins generally inhibit only closely related species, Nisin is a rare example of a "broad-spectrum" bacteriocin effective against many Gram-positive organisms, including lactic acid bacteria (commonly associated with spoilage), Listeria monocytogenes (a known pathogen), etc. However, when coupled with the chelator EDTA, Nisin has also been known to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria, as well. Nisin is soluble in water and can be effective at levels nearing the parts per billion range. In foods, it is common to use Nisin at levels ranging from ~1-25ppm, depending on the food type and regulatory approval. Due to its naturally selective spectrum of activity, it is also employed as a selective agent in microbiological media for the isolation of gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and moulds. Subtilin and Epidermin are related to Nisin. All are members of a class of molecules known as lantibiotics.

As a food additive, nisin has E number E234.

Further reading

  • K. Fukase et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 7, 795. (Total synthesis)
  • G. W. Buchman et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1988, 263, 31, 16260. (Biosynthesis)

External links

v · Pore-forming toxins (TC 1C)
Antimicrobial cationic peptides
Cathelicidin · Defensin · Dermcidin · Histatin (HTN1, HTN3)
Other, human
Other, nonhuman
Cecropin · Diphtheria toxin · Dermaseptin · Magainin · Melittin · Nisin · Pneumolysin
B memb: cead, trns (1A, 1C, 1F, 2A, 3A1, 3A2-3, 3D), othr

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Nisin — (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis) Stäbchenmodell nach PDB  …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • nisin — A polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus lactis; active against certain streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clostridium difficile, and other bacteria. * * * ni·sin nīs ən n a polypeptide antibiotic that is produced by a bacterium… …   Medical dictionary

  • nisin — noun a polycyclic peptide produced by fermentation with the bacterium Lactococcus lactis; used as a preservative in processed cheese etc Syn: E234 …   Wiktionary

  • Nisin — Ni|sin [Herkunft unbekannt], das; s: ein von Milchsäurebakterien synthetisiertes Lantibiotikum mit 34 Aminosäuren, das zur Lebensmittelkonservierung eingesetzt wird (nicht in Deutschland) …   Universal-Lexikon

  • nisin — ni·sin …   English syllables

  • nişîn — (F.) [ ﻦﻴﺸﻥ ] oturan …   Osmanli Türkçesİ sözlüğü

  • nişin — f. oturma, oturuş …   Klassik Azərbaycan ədəbiyyatında islənən ərəb və fars sözləri lüğəti

  • NİŞİN — f. Oturan, oturmuş gibi mânâya gelir ve başka kelimelerle birleşir …   Yeni Lügat Türkçe Sözlük

  • nisin — ˈnīsə̇n noun ( s) Etymology: origin unknown : a crystalline polypeptide antibiotic that is produced by a bacterium of the genus Streptomyces (S. lactis) and inhibits many gram positive organisms …   Useful english dictionary

  • xanənişin — sif. <fars.> Evdən bayıra çıxmayan, gününü evdə keçirən, daim evdə olan, adamlar arasına çıxmayan. Xanənişin adam. Xanənişin etmək – birinə cəza olaraq evdən kənara çıxmağa, cəmiyyətə qarışmağa icazə verməmək, yaxud hər hansı bir səbəbə… …   Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti

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