Compensated emancipation

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Compensated emancipation was a method of ending slavery in countries where slavery was legal. This involved the person who was recognized as the owner of a slave being compensated monetarily or by a period of labor (an 'apprenticeship') for releasing the slave. The latter was chosen as a compromise between slavery and outright emancipation, the former slaves receiving a nominal salary, while still being bound in their labors for a period of time. This proved unpopular, as for the slaves it amounted to little more than continued mandatory servitude, while it placed an added burden of wages on the former owner.^[1] Compensated emancipation was typically enacted as part of an act that outlawed slavery outright or established a scheme whereby slavery would eventually be phased out. It frequently was accompanied or preceded by laws which approached gradual emancipation by granting freedom to those born to slaves after a given date.^[1]

Among the European powers, slavery was primarily an issue with their overseas colonies. The British Empire enacted a policy of compensated Emancipation for its colonies in 1833, followed by Denmark and France in 1848, The Netherlands in 1863.^[1] Most South American and Caribbean nations emancipated slavery through compensated schemed in the 1850s and 1860s, while Brazil passed a plan for gradual, compensated emancipation in 1871, and Cuba followed in 1880 after having enacted freedom at birth a decade earlier.^[1]

In the United States, the regulation of slavery was predominantly a state function. Northern states followed a course of gradual or immediate emancipation. During the Civil War, in 1861, President Lincoln drafted an act to be introduced before the legislature of Delaware, one of the few non-free states that remained loyal, for compensated emancipation. However this was narrowly defeated. Lincoln also was behind national legislation towards the same end, but the southern states, now in full rebellion, ignored the proposals.^[2][3] Only in the District of Columbia, which fell under direct Federal auspices, was compensated emancipation enacted. On April 16, 1862, President Lincoln signed the District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act. This law prohibited slavery in the District, forcing its 900-odd slaveholders to free their slaves, with the government paying owners an average of about $300 for each. In 1863 state legislation towards compensated emancipation in Maryland failed to pass, as did an attempt to include it in a newly-written Missouri constitution.^[1][4][5][6]

Nations and empires that ended slavery through some form of compensated emancipation

• Argentina^[7]
• Bolivia
• Brazil^[8]
• British Empire^[9][1]
• Chile
• Colombia^[7]
• Danish colonies^[1]
• The Netherlands^[1]
• Ecuador
• French colonial empire^[1]
• Mexico and Central America
• Paraguay^[7]
• Peru
• Spanish Empire
• Sweden^[10]
• Uruguay
• Venezuela^[7]
• United States (Washington, DC only)

See also

• Abolitionism

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} [1] Slavery in the United States: a social, political, and historical encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, 2007, vol. 2, pp. 238-9
2. ^ David Goldfield, America Aflame: How the Civil War Created a Nation, 2011, p. 248
3. ^ William MacDonald, ed., Select Statutes and other Documents Illustrative of the History of the United States, 1861-1898, 1903, p. 34
4. ^ [2] The Historical encyclopedia of world slavery, Volume 1; Volume 7 Junius P. Rodriguez ABC-CLIO, 1997 805 pages
5. ^ [3] History of the United States from the compromise of 1850 James Ford Rhodes The Macmillan Company, 1899
6. ^ [4] Buying freedom: the ethics and economics of slave redemption Anthony Appiah, Martin Bunzl Princeton University Press, 2007
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Paul Finkleman, Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery, 1998, vol. 2, p. 690
8. ^ Thomas Cleland Dawson, The South American Republics: Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, 1903, pt I, p. 488
9. ^ See, for example, Kathleen Mary Butler, "The Economics of Emancipation: Jamaica and Barbados, 1823-1843", 1995.
10. ^ Augustin Cochin, (trans. Mary L. Booth), The Results of Emancipation, 1864, p. 395

This culture-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Slavery Culture stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую Yugoslavia at the 1968 Summer Olympics Peter Arnison Look at other dictionaries: District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act — The act The District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act, or simply Compensated Emancipation Act, was a law that ended slavery in Washington, D.C. by paying slave owners for releasing their slaves. A …   Wikipedia Abraham Lincoln: A Plea for Compensated Emancipation — ▪ Primary Source              Compensated emancipation was a scheme to allow the government to free the slaves and reimburse slave owners. The Republican platform of 1860 recognized it as a desirable solution to the slavery issue. President… …   Universalium Emancipation Day — is celebrated in various locations in observation generally of the emancipation of slaves.CaribbeanThe Slavery Abolition Act 1833 ended slavery in the British Empire on August 1, 1834. Emancipation Day is widely observed in the British West… …   Wikipedia Emancipation Proclamation — The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. The first one, issued September 22, 1862, declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the… …   Wikipedia Abraham Lincoln: Emancipation Proclamation — ▪ Primary Source        Emancipation Proclamation, 1863       In the popular mind the Emancipation Proclamation transformed the Civil War from a struggle to preserve the Union into a crusade for human freedom. But at the time of its issuance, its …   Universalium Abraham Lincoln, 1863: Emancipation Proclamation — ▪ Primary Source       In the popular mind the Emancipation Proclamation transformed the American Civil War from a struggle to preserve the Union into a crusade for human freedom. But at the time of its issuance, its actual provisions had already …   Universalium The Emancipation of Mimi — The Emancipation of Mimi …   Wikipedia Slavery in the United States — began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia in 1607 and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865. Before the widespread establishment of chattel slavery, much labor was organized …   Wikipedia Reconstruction Era of the United States — In the history of the United States, the term Reconstruction Era has two senses: the first covers the entire nation in the period 1865–1877 following the Civil War; the second one, used in this article, covers the transformation of the Southern… …   Wikipedia Abolitionism — For other uses, see Abolitionism (disambiguation). Anti slavery redirects here. For the British NGO working for the eradication of slavery, see Anti Slavery International. Am I Not A Man And A Brother? Medallion as part of the anti slavery… …   Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”