Philip K. Chapman

Philip Kenyon Chapman
NASA Astronaut
Nationality	Australia-American
Status	Retired
Born	5 March 1935 (1935-03-05) (age 76) Melbourne, Australia
Other occupation	Engineer
Alma mater	Sydney University (BS) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MS, SD)
Time in space	0
Selection	1967
Missions	None

Philip Kenyon Chapman (born 5 March 1935) was the first Australian-born American astronaut, serving for about five years in NASA Astronaut Group 6 (1967).

Education

Born in Melbourne, Australia, his family moved to Sydney and he was educated at Sefton High School, then matriculated from Parramatta High School. He went on to attend Sydney University, earning a Bachelor of Science in physics and mathematics in 1956. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, earning a Master of Science in aeronautics and astronautics in 1964 and a Doctorate of Science in instrumentation in 1967.^[1]

Work

Chapman served with the Royal Australian Air Force Reserve from 1953 to 1955. He learned to fly (in a Tiger Moth) during Australian National Service.

From 1956 to 1957, he worked for Philips Electronics Industries Proprietary Limited in Sydney, Australia. He then spent 15 months in Antarctica with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE), for the International Geophysical Year (IGY) as an auroral/radio physicist. The work required that he spend most of the winter with one other man at a remote camp.

From 1960 to 1961, he was an electro-optics staff engineer in flight simulators for Canadian Aviation Electronics Limited in Dorval, Quebec. His next assignment was as a staff physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked in electro-optics, inertial systems, and gravitational theory until the summer of 1967.

After gaining U.S. citizenship, Chapman was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August 1967. He trained as an astronaut, including jet pilot training with the USAF, and served as the Apollo 14 Mission Scientist. He resigned from the program near the close of the Apollo Program in July 1972, largely because he strongly disagreed with the decision to build the Space Shuttle.

After spending the next five years working on laser propulsion at Avco Everett Research Laboratory, he moved to Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts to work with Dr. Peter Glaser, the inventor of the solar power satellite (SPS). Dr. Chapman was actively involved in the NASA/DOE SPS Concept Development and Evaluation Program (CDEP) in the late 1970s and early 1980s and has since continued contributions to the literature on power from space.

In the mid-80s, Dr. Chapman shifted his focus to commercial space -- building private companies that develop products and services for space-based, as well as Earth-oriented businesses. He served as president of the L5 Society (now the National Space Society) during the successful campaign to stop the US Senate from ratifying the Moon Treaty, which would have excluded any commercial activity on the Moon.

Dr. Chapman is a member of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy, which has advised several US Presidents on space-related issues. In particular, a position paper by the Council was instrumental in convincing Ronald Reagan that it was technically feasible to intercept ballistic missiles in flight. Opponents thought the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a fantasy, dubbing it "Star Wars".

In 1989, Dr. Chapman led a privately funded scientific expedition by sea from Cape Town to Enderby Land, Antarctica, to gather information about mineral resources before the Madrid Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty made prospecting illegal on the continent.

From 1989-1994, Dr. Chapman was the president of Echo Canyon Software in Boston, which produced the first visual programming environment for Windows, before Microsoft introduced Visual Basic.

In 1998, Dr. Chapman was Chief Scientist of Rotary Rocket of San Mateo, California. Rotary Rocket built and flew atmospheric tests of the Roton, a novel manned, re-usable space launch vehicle.

In 2004, Dr. Chapman presented two papers at the 55th International Astronautical Congress (Vancouver CANADA). The first, "Luces in the Sky with Diamonds," presented a design for a gossamer, iso-inertial SPS using thin films of artificial diamond in thermionic conversion devices. The second paper, "Power from Space and the Hydrogen Economy," discussed the implications of the recent discovery of vast deposits of methane hydrates under Arctic permafrost and on continental shelves, which may be sufficient to meet all world energy needs for many thousands of years. See the IP address below to full text of this paper.

Dr. Chapman is now Chief Scientist of Transformational Space Corporation("t/Space," Reston, VA, http://www.transformspace.com/). Under a $6 million contract from NASA, t/Space has developed a plan to support the International Space Station (ISS), after the shuttles retire in 2010, using spacecraft owned and operated by private enterprise. NASA has now adopted commercial support as its baseline plan for the ISS.

Views on global warming

On 23 April 2008, Dr Chapman authored an op-ed in The Australian newspaper, noting a new ice age will eventually occur, that based on current low solar activity it might even be imminent, and "It is time to put aside the global warming dogma, at least to begin contingency planning about what to do if we are moving into another little ice age, similar to the one that lasted from 1100 to 1850.".^[2] A response by IPCC affiliated meteorologist Dr. David Karoly was published a few days later.^[3]

Dr. Chapman writes a blog (www.pkchapman.com) that has several posts with lots of data about climate change and other topics that interest him.

Honorary positions

• Advisor to the Space Frontier Foundation

Biography

Chapman's career is chronicled in the book "NASA's Scientist-Astronauts" by David Shayler and Colin Burgess.

Chapman's NASA years are also described in Australia's Astronauts: Three Men and a Spaceflight Dream, 1999, by Colin Burgess.

Partial bibliography

• Chapman, P. K.; Ezekiel, S. (1964). A sensitive cryogenic accelerometer. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Experimental Astronomy Laboratory. OCLC 14252019. 
• Chapman, P. K. (1964). A cryogenic test-mass suspension for a sensitive accelerometer. Cambridge, Mass: M.I.T. Experimental Astronomy Laboratory. OCLC 14266324. 
• Chapman, P. K. (1962). Final report on Project Skylight. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Experimental Astronomy Laboratory. OCLC 14252244. 
• Chapman, Philip K. (30 May 2003). "Space Beyond The Cold War". Space Daily. http://www.spacedaily.com/news/oped-03zn3.html. Retrieved 2 June 2008. 
• Chapman, Philip K. (30 May 2003). "The Failure of NASA: And A Way Out". Space Daily. http://www.spacedaily.com/news/oped-03zn1.html. Retrieved 2 June 2008. 

See also

• List of astronauts by name
• List of astronauts by selection
• Timeline of astronauts by nationality
• List of human spaceflights
• Other Australian astronauts
  • Paul D. Scully-Power
  • Andy Thomas

References

1. ^ Astronaut Biographies, NASA Astronaut Office
2. ^ Phil Chapman (2008). "Sorry to ruin the fun, but an ice age cometh". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23583376-7583,00.html. Retrieved 29 April 2008. 
3. ^ David Karoly (2008). "Warming trend has not been reversed". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23612876-11949,00.html. Retrieved 29 April 2008. 

External links

• Spacefacts biography of Philip K. Chapman

Persondata
Name	Chapman, Philip Kenyon
Alternative names
Short description	the first Australian-born American astronaut
Date of birth	5 March 1935
Place of birth	Melbourne, Australia
Date of death
Place of death