Antal Doráti

The title of this article contains the character á. Where it is unavailable or not desired, the name may be represented as Antal Dorati.

Antal Doráti, KBE (April 9, 1906 – November 13, 1988) was a Hungarian-born conductor and composer who became a naturalized American citizen in 1947.^[1]

Biography

Antal Doráti was born in Budapest, where his father Alexander Doráti was a violinist with the Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra and his mother Margit Kunwald was a piano teacher.

He studied at the Franz Liszt Academy with Zoltán Kodály and Leo Weiner for composition and Béla Bartók for piano. His links with Bartók continued for many years: he conducted the world premiere of Bartók's Viola Concerto, as completed by Tibor Serly, with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra in 1949, with William Primrose as the soloist.

He made his conducting debut in 1924 with the Budapest Royal Opera.

As well as composing original works, he compiled and arranged pieces by Johann Strauss II for the ballet Graduation Ball (he conducted the world premiere in Sydney in 1940, during the 1939-1940 Australian tour by the "Original Ballets Russes"), as well as Jacques Offenbach's La belle Hélène and Bluebeard, and Modest Mussorgsky's The Fair at Sorochyntsi.

His autobiography, Notes of Seven Decades, was published in 1979. In 1983, Queen Elizabeth II made Doráti an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE). This entitled him to use the post-nominal letters KBE, but not to style himself "Sir Antal Doráti".

His wife was Ilse von Alpenheim, an Austrian pianist. Dorati died at the age of 82 in Gerzensee, Switzerland.

Career

Doráti held posts as principal conductor of the following orchestras:

• American Ballet Theatre orchestra (1941–1945).
• Dallas Symphony Orchestra (1945–48), practically creating that orchestra from scratch
• Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (1949–60)
• BBC Symphony Orchestra (1963–66), which bid him a fond farewell playing his Symphony in Five Movements and his Madrigal Suite.
• Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra (1966–70), with which he recorded his Symphony No. 1 and his Symphony No. 2, "Querela Pacis" on the BIS label. He took that orchestra on its first international tours.
• National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, D.C. (1970–77), which he rescued from bankruptcy and a players' strike.
• Detroit Symphony Orchestra (1977–81)
• Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (1975–79)

Recordings

He made his first recording with the London Philharmonic Orchestra for the recording label His Master's Voice. This was later transferred to RCA Records with whom HMV were for some time associated. Over the course of his career Doráti made over 600 recordings.

With the Philharmonia Hungarica, Doráti was the second conductor to record the complete symphonies of Joseph Haydn (the first complete recorded edition was conducted by Ernst Märzendorfer and the Vienna Chamber Orchestra, but it had a very limited release). He also recorded an unprecedented cycle of Haydn's operas.

Doráti became especially well known for his recordings of Tchaikovsky's music. He was the first conductor to record all three of Tchaikovsky's ballets - Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker - complete. The albums were recorded in mono in 1954, for Mercury Records, with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (later renamed the Minnesota Orchestra), as part of their famous "Living Presence" series. All three ballets were at first issued separately, but were later re-issued in a 6-LP set. Dorati never re-recorded Swan Lake, but he did make a stereo recording of The Sleeping Beauty (again complete) with the Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam for Philips Classics Records, and two complete recordings in stereo of "The Nutcracker", one with the London Symphony Orchestra (again for Mercury), and the other with the Concertgebouw Orchestra for Philips - all this within a span of about twenty-seven years. He also recorded all four of Tchaikovsky's orchestral suites with the New Philharmonia Orchestra, and he was the first conductor to make a recording of Tchaikovsky's "1812" Overture (featuring the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra) with real cannons, brass band, and church bells, first in mono in 1954 and then in stereo in 1958. Both the mono and stereo "1812" were certified Gold Records by the RIAA. He also recorded all six of Tchaikovsky's symphonies with the London Symphony Orchestra.

Other prominent composers in Doráti's recording career are Béla Bartók and Igor Stravinsky. His comprehensive series of Bartók's orchestral works for Mercury have been brought together on a 5-CD set.

He also made the first stereo recording of Léo Delibes' Coppélia, with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra. An album set of Richard Wagner's opera The Flying Dutchman is also among Doráti's more popular recordings.

In 1969 he made the world premiere recording of Sibelius's tone poem Luonnotar, with Gwyneth Jones as soprano soloist. In 1973 he conducted the world premiere recording of Max Bruch's Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, which was written in 1912 but only rediscovered in 1971.

He lived to make digital recordings, for English Decca Records (released in the U.S. on the London label), with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. One of these, the recording of Stravinsky's Le Sacre du Printemps, received the coveted French award Grand Prix du Disque.

Notes

1. ^ Antal Doráti: International Home Page

External links

• Antal Doráti official website
• Antal Doráti at Allmusic
• Antal Dorati Centenary Society

Further reading

• MacDonald, Calum (March 1989). "Antal Doráti (1906-88): His Final Works". Tempo, New Series (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (168 (50th anniversary)): 37. ISSN 00402982. JSTOR 944857. OCLC 52740292. 

Interviews

• Antal Doráti interview by Bruce Duffie

Preceded by Jacques Singer	Music Director, Dallas Symphony Orchestra 1945–1949	Succeeded by Walter Hendl
Preceded by Dimitri Mitropoulos	Music Director, Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra 1949–1960	Succeeded by Stanisław Skrowaczewski
Preceded by Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt	Principal Conductor, Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra 1966–1974	Succeeded by Gennady Rozhdestvensky
Preceded by Aldo Ceccato	Music Director, Detroit Symphony Orchestra 1977–1981	Succeeded by Günther Herbig

Persondata
Name	Dorati, Antal
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	April 9, 1906
Place of birth
Date of death	November 13, 1988
Place of death