John R. Brooke

For other people named John Brooke, see John Brooke (disambiguation).

John R. Brooke
John R. Brooke
Born	July 21, 1838(1838-07-21) Pottstown, Pennsylvania
Died	September 5, 1926(1926-09-05) (aged 88) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Place of burial	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States of America Union
Service/branch	United States Army Union Army
Years of service	1861–1902
Rank	Major General
Commands held	53rd Pennsylvania Infantry 13th US Infantry Department of the Platte
Battles/wars	American Civil War Indian Wars Spanish-American War

John Rutter (or Ruller) Brooke (July 21, 1838 – September 5, 1926) was a major general in the United States Army during both the American Civil War and the Spanish American War. He served as a military Governor of Puerto Rico and Governor of Cuba.

Early life

Brooke was born in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, and was educated in nearby Collegeville and West Chester.

Civil War

Brooke's military career began when he joined the 4th Pennsylvania Infantry with the rank of captain in 1861. Shortly afterward, he was promoted to colonel of the 53rd Pennsylvania Infantry and served in the 1862 Peninsula Campaign.

He temporarily commanded a brigade during the Battle of Antietam in September of that year. In May 1863, he was given permanent command of a brigade of the 1st Division of the II Corps, which he led in the Battle of Chancellorsville and during the Gettysburg Campaign.

On the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863, Brooke found himself in the thick of the action when Confederate lieutenant general James Longstreet launched his assault against the Union lines south of Gettysburg. Rushed into action as reinforcements by Maj. Gen. Winfield Hancock, Colonel Brooke launched a limited counterattack against oncoming Confederate forces with his brigade in the Wheatfield. Although he was knocked out of action with a severe wound, his men temporarily stopped the Confederates and stabilized the Union line long enough to prevent a breakthrough.

After recovery, Brooke subsequently also fought in the Overland Campaign, including the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and other battles. He was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on May 12, 1864. General Brooke was critically wounded, again, at Cold Harbor in June. Brooke led a division in western Virginia late in the war. He was promoted to brevet major general in the volunteer army on August 1, 1864, for his service at Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor, and to brevet brigadier general in the regular army on March 2, 1867, for Spotsylvania Court House.^[1]

Postbellum career

In 1866, Brooke accepted a commission as the lieutenant colonel of the 37th U.S. Infantry of the regular army. Three years later, he was given the position of colonel of the 13th U.S. Infantry, serving on the frontier in various posts.

In 1888, he was promoted to brigadier general and was in command of the Department of the Platte when the Ghost Dance began in 1890. He was ordered by General Nelson Miles to rush the 7th U.S. Cavalry up to Wounded Knee. He left this command in 1895.

In 1897, he was made a major general and assigned to command the I Corps during the Spanish-American War. In Puerto Rico, he landed in Arroyo with General Hains, and reached Guayama by the time the armistice was signed. When General Miles left the island in October 1898 to return to the United States, Brooke became military governor and head of the army of occupation in the U.S. military government. On the December 6, Brooke was replaced by General Guy Vernon Henry, and by December 13, was named to the same position in Cuba.

He retired July 21, 1902, in Philadelphia, where he lived until his death at age 88 in 1926. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

The USS General J. R. Brooke (AP-132), launched February 1943, was named in his honor.

See also

	United States Army portal
	American Civil War portal

• List of American Civil War generals

Notes

1. ^ Eicher, p. 145.

References

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Military Album of Commissioned Officers in the Spanish-American War, Library of Congress
• "Gen. J. R. Brooke Comes to Atlanta." Atlanta Constitution. May 18, 1898, p. 5.

External links

• The John Rutter Brooke Papers, including correspondence, accounts, regimental reports, military orders and pamphlets that pertain to his military career, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Military offices
Preceded by Nelson Appleton Miles (Commandant)	Military Governor of Puerto Rico 1898	Succeeded by Guy Vernor Henry
Preceded by None	Military Governor of Cuba 1899	Succeeded by Leonard Wood

Persondata
Name	Brooke, John Rutter
Alternative names	Brooke, John Ruller
Short description	Union Army general
Date of birth	July 21, 1838
Place of birth	Pottstown, Pennsylvania
Date of death	September 5, 1926
Place of death	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania