Bryan Grimes

Infobox Military Person
name= Bryan Grimes
born= birth date|1828|11|2
died= death date and age|1880|8|14|1828|11|2
placeofbirth= Pitt County, North Carolina
placeofdeath= Pitt County, North Carolina
placeofburial= "Grimesland" plantation, North Carolina


caption= Bryan Grimes, Jr. photo taken in 1864 or 1865
nickname=
allegiance= United States of America Confederate States of America
branch= Confederate Army Confederate Army
serviceyears=1861–65
rank= Major General
commands= 4th North Carolina
unit=
battles=American Civil War
*First Battle of Bull Run
*Battle of Seven Pines
*Peninsula Campaign
*Battle of Fredericksburg
*Battle of Chancellorsville
*Gettysburg Campaign
*Overland Campaign
*Valley Campaigns of 1864
*Siege of Petersburg
*Appomattox Campaign
awards=
laterwork= planter, university trustee, writer

Bryan Grimes (November 2, 1828 – August 14, 1880) was a North Carolina plantation owner and a general officer in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He fought in nearly all of the major battles of the Eastern Theater of that war.

Grimes was the last man in the Army of Northern Virginia to be appointed by Robert E. Lee as a major general. ["see footnote Eicher, p. 810."] He also led the final attack of that army shortly before its surrender to Union forces at Appomattox Court House on the morning of April 9, 1865.

Early life and career

Bryan Grimes, Jr. was born on the ancestral family plantation, called "Grimesland," in Pitt County, North Carolina. His father, Bryan Grimes, Sr., was a prosperous planter. His mother, Nancy Grist, was the daughter of a prominent general from Georgia, who died when Grimes was only four years old, and his older sister for a time raised him. He attended school in Nash County and an academy in Little Washington before attending a noted private school in Hillsborough. Grimes, at the age of fifteen, enrolled in the University of North Carolina. He graduated four years later in 1848.

In 1849, his father gave him the Grimesland estate, along with control over its 100 slaves. On April 9, 1851, he married Elizabeth Hilliard Davis, but she would die only six years later. The couple had four children, one of whom, Bryan Grimes III, died in childhood. A grief-stricken Grimes later traveled to Europe.

Civil War service

Upon his return to the United States, he was elected as a delegate to North Carolina's secession convention. He resigned from the commission after the passage of the Ordinance of Secession and joined the Confederate Army as the major of the newly formed 4th North Carolina Regiment on May 16, 1861. He saw his first combat action at the First Battle of Bull Run in Virginia on July 21. Grimes was promoted to lieutenant colonel on May 1, 1862, and fought at the Battle of Seven Pines, during which he was wounded when his injured horse fell on top of him on May 31.Eicher, p. 269.]

On June 19, 1862, Grimes was promoted to the rank of colonel and given command of the 4th North Carolina, now part of the Army of Northern Virginia. Grimes led the regiment during the Peninsula Campaign, but missed the Maryland Campaign and the Battle of Antietam due to a severe leg injury incurred when his horse kicked him on September 5 near Edward's Ferry in Maryland. Upon recovery Grimes returned to field duty in temporary command of an infantry brigade within the division of Maj. Gen. Daniel Harvey Hill. He fought with the rest of Stonewall Jackson's Second Corps at the Battle of Fredericksburg that December, where his men repelled a Union attack.

Grimes returned to his regimental command before the 1863 Chancellorsville Campaign, where he was wounded again, this time in a foot, on May 3. During the first day's fighting at Gettysburg, Grimes' regiment was the first organized Confederate unit to enter the streets of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He was in charge of the rear guard during a part of the army's retreat into Virginia following the three-day battle. On September 15, 1863, he married Charlotte Emily Bryan, and they eventually had ten children together, including John Bryan Grimes, who would become North Carolina's secretary of state. Again, another son named Bryan Grimes died in childhood.

During the 1864 Overland Campaign, Grimes was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on May 19, and given permanent command of his brigade of North Carolinians. That autumn, he fought in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign as part of the army of Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early. When Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Ramseur was killed at Cedar Creek, Grimes assumed command of his division on December 9 and led it for the rest of the war. On October 19 while at Cedar Creek he was wounded in a leg.

On February 15, 1865, Grimes was promoted to major general, the last man appointed to that rank in the Army of Northern Virginia. [Eicher, p. 810. Grimes' rank of major general dates from Feb. 15, 1864; the last two CSA major generals (Thomas J. Chruchill and John S. Marmaduke) both rank from Feb. 17, but neither were part of AoNV.] He served in the trenches surrounding Petersburg and joined Robert E. Lee's retreat to the west that ended when the way was blocked by Federal columns near Appomattox Court House. Grimes led an attack that temporarily cleared Federals from the Lynchburg Road, briefly opening up a possible route of escape for a portion of Lee's army. However, Lee chose to surrender instead of risking useless further bloodshed.

Following the Appomattox Campaign, Grimes surrendered along with the rest of the Army of Northern Virginia on April 9, 1865, and was paroled at Appomattox Court House. He was pardonned by the U.S. government on June 26, 1866.

Postbellum career and death

After the war, Grimes returned to North Carolina and settled briefly in Raleigh. He subsequently moved back to Grimesland in January 1867 and resumed farming. Ten years later, he was named as a trustee of the University of North Carolina.

In 1880, Grimes was ambushed and killed in Pit County, North Carolina, by a hired assassin named William Parker, presumably to prevent him from testifying at a criminal trial. Parker was later acquitted, but was lynched by an angry mob. Grimes was buried in the family cemetery on his plantation, Grimesland, about five miles northwest of Chocowinity, North Carolina. A monument (a cenotaph) to the fallen former Confederate stands in Trinity Churchyard Cemetery located in Pitt City.

Portions of the letters written home by Grimes throughout the Civil War were published after his death in 1883, entitled "Extracts of Letters of Major Gen'l Bryan Grimes, to His Wife."

In Memory

In April 1898, the U.S. Army established "Camp Bryan Grimes" in Raleigh and named it for the former Confederate general. It served as a mustering point for North Carolina troops in the Spanish-American War.

The Sons of Confederate Veterans local camp in Greenville, North Carolina, was designated as the Major Bryan Grimes Camp 1488.

References

* [http://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/grimes/bio.html Grimes biography from the Dictionary of North Carolina Biography]
* Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., "Civil War High Commands", Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.

Notes

External links

* [http://www.generalsandbrevets.com/sgg/grimes.htm Photo gallery of Grimes]
*findagrave|8955 Retrieved 2008-07-06

Further reading

* [http://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/grimes/grimes.html Grimes' war-time letters]

Persondata
NAME= Grimes, Bryan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Confederate Army general
DATE OF BIRTH=
PLACE OF BIRTH=
DATE OF DEATH=
PLACE OF DEATH=