Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–1944)

Not to be confused with Kingdom of Montenegro.

Kingdom of Montenegro Краљевина Црна Гора Kraljevina Crna Gora
Protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy (1941–1943) Client state of Nazi Germany (1943–1944)
← 1941–1944 →
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem Vječna naša Crna Goro "Eternal Our Montenegro"
Capital	Cetinje
Language(s)	Serbian, Montenegrin, Italian, German
Religion	Roman Catholic, Serbian Orthodox
Government	Monarchy
King
- 1941–1944	Position vacant[1]
Governor
- 1941	Mihajlo Ivanović (first)
- 1944	Wilhelm Keiper (last)
Prime Minister
- 1941	Sekula Drljević
- 1941–1943	Blažo Đukanović
- 1943–1944	Ljubo Vukčević
Historical era	World War II
- Established	05 May 1941
- Disestablished	15 December 1944
Currency	Montenegrin Perper, Italian lira, Reichsmark

History of Montenegro
This article is part of a series
Praevalitana
Duklja
Crownland of Zeta
Lordship of Zeta
Venetian coastal Montenegro
Sanjak of Montenegro, Ottoman Empire
Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
Principality of Montenegro
Kingdom of Montenegro
Zeta Oblast
Zeta Banovina
Independent State of Montenegro
Socialist Republic of Montenegro
Republic of Montenegro (federal)
Montenegro
Montenegro Portal v · Civil Ensign of Montenegro, adopted July 1941.[2] German mountain forces in Montenegro, June 1943. The Kingdom of Montenegro or the Independent State of Montenegro[3] existed from 1941 to 1943 as a puppet protectorate of Fascist Italy, a component of the envisioned Italian Empire. The Italian Fascist regime saw Montenegro as a future part of a Greater Italy that would span the Adriatic coast to northern Greece (incorporating the lands once controlled by Venice), where local populations would be forced to adopt Italian national identity, and colonization by Italians would be promoted (as it was in Italian-held Albania) to eventually displace all non-Italian populations. History After the invasion of Yugoslavia by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy on April 6, 1941, and subsequent Royal Yugoslav Army surrender on April 17, 1941, Sekula Drljević, leader of the Montenegrin Federalists in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, established the Provisional Administrative Committee of Montenegro, which operated as the collaborationist organ of Fascist Italy. The Committee was disbanded on 5 May 1941 and a Montenegrin Council was formed to oversee the Italian occupation and create the semi-independent protectorate of Montenegro. The Fascist regime intended to make Montenegro part of Greater Italy, which would span the Adriatic coast to Albania, with the intention of assimilating the local populations. King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (influenced by his wife Queen Elena, daughter of the former King of Montenegro) imposed on Benito Mussolini the creation of an independent Montenegro against the wishes of the fascist Croatians of Ante Pavelić and the Albanians (who wanted to divide Montenegro between themselves). The Kingdom of Montenegro was created under fascist control when Krsto Zrnov Popović returned from his exile in Rome in 1941 to attempt to lead the Zelenaši ("Green" party), who supported the reinstatement of the independent Montenegrin monarchy. This militia were called the Lovćen Brigade. Montenegro was nominally a Kingdom, but the last King's grandson Prince Michael Petrović-Njegoš refused the crown, declaring loyalty to his cousin, young King Peter II of Yugoslavia. Two Romanov princes, Prince Nicholas Romanovich of Russia and his father Prince Roman Petrovich also refused the crown, so Italian governors ran Montenegro instead. On July 12, 1941, the rule of Sekula Drljević was inaugurated. At the beginning of 1942, however, the country suffered the outbreak of civil war as the Partisans and Chetniks fought against Montenegrin separatists and Axis forces. As World War II progressed, the conflict within Montenegro became extremely chaotic and vicious as virtually every combination of alliances were made and broken between the warring sides and factions. Also active within Montenegro were the Second Serbian Volunteer Corps. The nation's borders essentially existed only on paper. Particularly after the spring of 1942, much of the Sandžak region, which was included in the Independent State of Montenegro, was not actually controlled by its proclaimed government. In addition, the area of the Bay of Kotor was annexed by Italy until September 1943. At the end of September 1943, the puppet Independent State of Croatia of Ante Pavelić annexed the Italian Province of Kotor.[citation needed] By October 1943, Drljević was exiled from Montenegro. In 1944, while in the Independent State of Croatia, Drljević formed the Montenegrin State Council, which attempted to act as a government-in-exile. The Montenegrin People's Army was later formed by Ante Pavelić and Drljević out of the defeated Pavle Đurišić-led Chetnik forces. After the departure of the Italian governors, Montenegro remained under the direct control of German troops, with a terrible and bloody guerrilla war ravaging the area. During this period, tens of thousands of innocent civilians were killed by the Nazis[citation needed]. In December 1944 the German troops withdrew from Montenegro and Josip Broz Tito's Partisans assumed control, ending the existence of the Kingdom of Montenegro. Governors Mihajlo Ivanović (nominal) (17 May 1941 - 23 July 1941) Conte Serafino Mazzolini (19 April 1941 - 23 July 1941) Principe Alessandro Pirzio Biroli (23 July 1941 - 13 July 1943) Conte Curio Barbasetti di Prun (13 July 1943 - 10 September 1943) Theodor Geib (10 September 1943 - 1 June 1944) Wilhelm Keiper (1 June 1944 - 15 December 1944) Military During the Italian administration of Montenegro, their armed forces in the country were made up of the following:[4] Troop Command Montenegro/XIV Corps: General Mentasti 1 Alpine Division Taurinense: General Vivalda 19 Infantry Division Venezia: General Bonini 23 Infantry Division Ferrara: General Ceriana Mayneri 151 Infantry Division Perugia: General Pentimalli Religion The main religion in Montenegro was Serbian Orthodox. There was also a significant Muslim population and a smaller Catholic one. The Serbian Orthodox Church was divided into the Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral and the Eparchy of Budimlje-Nikšić, both led by Joanikije Lipovac. Lipovac was killed in the aftermath of the war by Yugoslav communists after trying to flee the country in 1945.[5] The Catholic Church was divided into two dioceses, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Skopje. See also Bombing of Podgorica in World War II References ^ Michael Petrović-Njegoš, Roman Petrovich Romanov and Nicholas Romanovich Romanov all refused the throne when offered. ^ Cahoon, Ben (2006). "Montenegro". World Statesmen.org. http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Montenegro.html. Retrieved 20 August 2010.  ^ Marcia Christoff Kurapovna (2009). Shadows on the mountain: the Allies, the Resistance, and the rivalries that doomed WWII Yugoslavia. John Wiley and Sons. p. 62. ISBN 0470084561. http://books.google.com/books?id=wfy7-5K74gMC&pg=PA62&dq=%22independent+state+of+montenegro%22+1941&hl=en&ei=cpNrTcjxCJSh4QbZmZHfCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22independent%20state%20of%20montenegro%22%201941&f=false.  ^ Italian Army, 1 May 1943 ^ www.glas-javnosti.rs External links Crnogorski zelenaši (Montenegrin Greens) The Royal family of Montenegro History of Montenegro Fascist Italy Map Map Map Map Coordinates: 42°23′N 18°55′E / 42.383°N 18.917°E / 42.383; 18.917 Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую Montenegrins of the Republic of Macedonia Montenegro–Serbia relations Look at other dictionaries: Kingdom of Montenegro (1941-1944) — Infobox Former Country native name = Краљевина Црна Гора Kraljevina Crna Gora conventional long name = Kingdom of Montenegro common name = Montenegro continent = Europe region = Balkans country = Montenegro era = World War II status =… …   Wikipedia Royaume du Monténégro (1941-1944) — 42°23′N 18°55′E / 42.383, 18.917 …   Wikipédia en Français Королевство Черногория (1941—1944) — Королевство Черногория Kraljevina Crna Gora Краљевина Црна Гора Марионеточное государство Италии ← …   Википедия Serbia (1941-1944) — Infobox Former Subdivision native name = Militärverwaltung in Serbien (de) Војна Управа у Србији (sr (cyrillic)) Vojna Uprava u Srbiji (sr (latin)) conventional long name = Military Administration in Serbia common name = Serbia continent = Europe …   Wikipedia Montenegro — This article is about the country in Europe. For other uses, see Montenegro (disambiguation) and Crna Gora (disambiguation). Montenegro Црна Гора Crna Gora …   Wikipedia Kingdom of Yugoslavia — For other uses, see Yugoslavia. Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1 Краљевина Југославија Kraljevina Jugoslavija ← …   Wikipedia Constitution of Montenegro — Montenegro This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Montenegro …   Wikipedia Foreign relations of Montenegro — Montenegro This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Montenegro …   Wikipedia Government of Montenegro — Montenegro This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Montenegro …   Wikipedia History of Montenegro — This article is part of a series Praevalitana …   Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. 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