Marinara sauce

Marinara sauce

A plate of ravioli alla marinara
Origin
Place of origin	Italy
Region or state	Naples
Dish details
Course served	Main course
Serving temperature	Hot over pasta
Main ingredient(s)	Tomatoes Garlic Onion Basil
Variations	Olives, Capers

Marinara (mariner's) sauce is a southern Italian tomato sauce usually made with tomatoes, garlic, herbs (such as basil), and onion.^[1][2][3] However, there are many variations. Some of these include the addition of capers, olives and spices.^[4][5]

Traditional southern Italian cuisine utilizes this sauce to add flavor to pasta, rice, seafood and pizza.^[6][7] This sauce is also widely used in Italian-American cuisine which has diverged significantly from its Old World origins.

Italians refer to marinara only in association with other recipes. For instance, spaghetti alla marinara literally translates to mariner's spaghetti. However, tomato sauce alone in Italy is called salsa al pomodoro or pummarola.

Origin

There are at least two folk theories as to the origin of this sauce: One says cooks aboard Neapolitan ships invented marinara sauce in the mid-16th century after Spaniards introduced the tomato (a New World fruit) to Europe. This meat-free sauce was easy to make and resisted spoiling due to the high acid content of tomatoes. This made it ideal for lengthy sea voyages hundreds of years before refrigeration methods were invented. Another theory states this was a sauce prepared by the wives of Neapolitan sailors upon their return from sea.^[8]

Historically, however, the first Italian cookbook to include tomato sauce,^[9] Lo Scalo alla Moderna (The Modern Steward), was written by Italian chef Antonio Latini and was published in two volumes in 1692 and 1694. Latini served as the Steward of the First Minister to the Spanish Viceroy of Naples.^[10][11][12]

References

1. ^ Definition of marinara sauce on the Oxford Dictionary website
2. ^ Definition of marinara sauce on the Encarta website^{[dead link]}
3. ^ Definition of marinara sauce on the Your Dictionary website
4. ^ Giada Delaurentis' recipe for marinara sauce
5. ^ Mario Batali's recipe for marinara sauce on the Serious Eats website
6. ^ Spaghetti marinara recipe on the Taste website
7. ^ Penne marinara recipe on the Foodnetwork website
8. ^ Info on the origin of marinara sauce on the Italian Chef website
9. ^ Elizabeth David, Italian Food (1954, 1999), p 319, and John Dickie, Delizia! The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food, 2008, p. 162.
10. ^ Alan Davidson, "Europeans' Wary Encounter with Tomatoes, Potatoes, and Other New World Foods" in Chilies to Chocolate: Food the Americas Gave the World, (University of Arizona Press) 1992.
11. ^ Elizabeth David, Italian Food (1954, 1999), p 319, and John Dickie, Delizia! The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food, 2008, p. 162.
12. ^ Origins of Italian tomato sauce Foodtimeline.org. Retrieved 23 April 2011