Civilian casualties in the War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

The decade-long War in Afghanistan (2001–present) has caused the deaths of thousands of Afghan civilians directly from insurgent and foreign military action, as well as the deaths of possibly tens of thousands of Afghan civilians indirectly as a consequence of displacement, starvation, disease, exposure, lack of medical treatment, crime and lawlessness resulting from the war. The war, launched by the United States as "Operation Enduring Freedom" in 2001, began with an initial air campaign that almost immediately prompted concerns over the number of Afghan civilians being killed^[1] as well as international protests. With civilian deaths from airstrikes rising again in recent years^[2], the number of Afghan civilians being killed by foreign military operations has led to mounting tension between the foreign countries and the government of Afghanistan. In May 2007, President Hamid Karzai summoned foreign military commanders to warn them of the consequences of further Afghan civilian deaths.^[3]

Three Afghan children wounded by a U.S. airstrike. The children lost their parents in the U.S. bombardment of Karam village of Surkhrod district in Nangarhar province (south of Afghanistan) on October 11, 2001.

Estimates

There is no single official figure for the overall number of civilians killed by the war since 2001, but estimates for specific years or periods have been published by a number of independent organizations and are presented here.

Most, if not all, of the sources state that their estimates are likely to be underestimates.

Aggregation of estimates

Year	Civilians killed as a result of insurgent actions	Civilians killed as a result of U.S-led military actions	Civilians killed as a result of the war
2001	n/a	The Project on Defense Alternatives estimated that in a 3-month period between October 7, 2001 and January 1, 2002, at least 1,000-1,300 civilians were directly killed by the U.S.-led aerial bombing campaign[4], and that by mid-January 2002, at least 3,200 more Afghans had died of "starvation, exposure, associated illnesses, or injury sustained while in flight from war zones", as a result of the U.S. war and airstrikes.[5] The Los Angeles Times found that in a 5-month period from October 7, 2001 to February 28, 2002, there were between 1,067 and 1,201 civilian deaths from the bombing campaign reported in U.S., British, and Pakistani newspapers and international wire services.[6] A 2002 analysis by The Guardian estimated that as many as 20,000 Afghans died in 2001 as an indirect result of the initial U.S. airstrikes and ground invasion.[7] Professor Marc W. Herold of the University of New Hampshire estimated that in the 20-month period between October 7, 2001 and June 3, 2003, at least 3,100 to 3,600 civilians were directly killed by U.S.-led forces.[8] 2001-2003 direct deaths: at least 3,100 to 3,600 2001-2003 indirect deaths: at least 3,200 - 20,000 2001-2003 direct & indirect deaths: 6,300 - 23,600	2001-2003: direct civilian deaths: at least 3,100 to 3,600 indirect civilian deaths: at least 3,200 - 20,000 direct & indirect civilian deaths: 6,300 - 23,600
2002	n/a
2003	n/a
2004	n/a	n/a	n/a
2005	n/a	Professor Marc W. Herold of the University of New Hampshire estimated at least 408-478 Afghan civilians were directly killed by U.S./NATO actions.[9]	direct civilian deaths: at least 408 to 478 indirect civilian deaths: n/a
2006	Human Rights Watch estimated at least 699 Afghan civilians were killed by various insurgent forces in 2006.[10]	Human Rights Watch estimated at least 230 Afghan civilians were killed by US or NATO attacks in 2006: 116 by airstrikes and 114 by ground fire.[11] Professor Marc W. Herold of the University of New Hampshire estimated at least 653-769 Afghan civilians were directly killed by U.S./NATO actions.[9]	Human Rights Watch estimated at least 929 Afghan civilians were killed in fighting related to the armed conflict in 2006.[10] In all, they estimated more than 4,400 Afghans (civilians and militants) were killed in conflict-related violence in 2006, twice as many as in 2005.[12] An Associated Press tally based on reports from NATO, coalition, and Afghan officials, estimated 4,000 Afghans (civilians and militants) were killed in 2006.[12] Indirect civilian deaths: n/a
2007	The UN Assistance Mission Afghanistan (UNAMA) estimated that 700 Afghan civilians were killed by anti-government elements in 2007, accounting for 46% of the civilian casualties.[13][14] Human Rights Watch estimated that at least 950 Afghan civilians were killed by various insurgent forces in 2007.[10]	Human Rights Watch estimated at least 434 Afghan civilians were killed by US or NATO attacks in 2007: 321 by airstrikes and 113 by ground fire. Another 57 civilians were killed in crossfire, and 192 died under unclear circumstances.[11] The UN Assistance Mission Afghanistan (UNAMA) estimated that 629 Afghan civilians were killed by international and Afghan forces in 2007, accounting for 41% of the civilian casualties.[13][14] Professor Marc W. Herold of the University of New Hampshire estimated at least 1,010-1,297 Afghan civilians were directly killed by U.S./NATO actions.[9]	The UN Assistance Mission Afghanistan (UNAMA) estimated that 1,523 Afghan civilians died as a direct result of armed conflict in 2007.[13][15] Human Rights Watch estimated at least 1,633 Afghan civilians were killed in fighting related to the armed conflict in 2007.[10] Indirect civilian deaths: n/a
2008	The Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) estimated that around 1,000 civilians were killed by militant groups in 2008.[16] The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) reported that 1,160 Afghan civilians were killed by anti-government forces in 2008, accounting for 55% of the civilian deaths.[17][18] The Afghanistan Rights Monitor(ARM) estimated that over 2,300 civilians were killed by insurgents in 2008, including 930 in suicide bombings.[16][19]	The Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) estimated that around 800 civilians were killed by U.S.-led military forces in 2008.[16] The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) reported that 828 Afghan civilians had been killed by international-led military forces in 2008, accounting for 39% of the civilian deaths. Air-strikes accounted for the largest proportion of this number, 64%, with 552 civilians killed as a result of U.S./NATO airstrikes.[17][18] According to Afghanistan's ambassador to Australia, Amanullah Jayhoon, 1,000 Afghan civilians were killed by coalition forces in 2008.[20] The Afghanistan Rights Monitor(ARM) estimated that over 1,620 civilians were killed by U.S.-led military forces in 2008, including 680 killed in airstrikes. ARM also estimated that military operations by US-led NATO and coalition forces caused at least 2,800 injuries and displaced 80,000 people from their homes.[16][19] Professor Marc W. Herold of the University of New Hampshire estimated at least 864-1,017 Afghan civilians were directly killed by U.S./NATO foreign forces in 2008.[21]	The Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) estimated that around 1,800 civilians were killed as a result of the armed hostilities in 2008.[16] The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) reported that 2,118 Afghan civilians wered killed as a direct result of armed conflict in 2008, the highest number since the end of the initial 2001 invasion.[15][17][18][22] The Afghanistan Rights Monitor (ARM) estimated that in 2008 around 3,917 civilians were killed, over 6,800 were wounded, and around 120,000 were forced out of their homes.[16][19] Indirect civilian deaths: n/a
2009	The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) attributed 1,630 Afghan civilian deaths as having been caused by anti-government elements in 2009, representing two-thirds of the 2,412 Afghan civilian deaths it recorded in the American-led war in 2009.[23][24]	The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) attributed 596 Afghan civilian deaths as having been caused by international-led military forces in 2009, representing about a quarter of the 2,412 Afghan civilian deaths it recorded as having been caused by the war in 2009.[23][24]	The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) recorded 2,412 Afghan civilian deaths in the American-led war in 2009, representing a jump of 14% over the number killed in 2008. In 186 (8%) of the deaths, UNAMA was unable to clearly attribute the cause to any one side.[23][24] Indirect civilian deaths: n/a
2010	The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) attributed 2,080 Afghan civilian deaths as having been caused by anti-government elements in 2010, up 28% from 2009 and representing 74.9% of the 2,777 Afghan civilian deaths they recorded in the American-led war in 2010.[25][26]	The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) attributed 440 Afghan civilian deaths as having been caused by U.S.-led military forces in 2010, down 26% from 2009 and representing 15.9% of the 2,777 Afghan civilian deaths they recorded in the American-led war in 2010.[25][26]	The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) recorded 2,777 Afghan civilian deaths in the American-led war in 2010, a jump of 15% over the number killed in 2009. In 9% of the deaths, UNAMA and AIHRC were unable to clearly attribute the cause to any one side.[25][26]
2011	The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) attributed 1,167 Afghan civilian deaths as having been caused by anti-government elements in the first six months of 2011, up 28% from the same period in 2010 and representing 79.8% of the total 1,462 Afghan civilian deaths they recorded in the conflict during this period.[27]	The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) attributed 207 Afghan civilian deaths as having been caused by U.S.-led military forces in the first six months of 2011, down 9% from the same period in 2010 and representing 14.2% of the 1,462 Afghan civilian deaths they recorded in the conflict during this period.[27]	The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) recorded 1,462 Afghan civilian deaths in the American-led war in the first six months of 2011, a jump of 15% over the number killed in the same period in 2010. In 6% of the deaths, UNAMA and AIHRC were unable to clearly attribute the cause to any one side.[27]
Total[28]	direct deaths: at least 7,276 - 8,826	direct deaths: at least 6,215 - 9,007 indirect deaths in initial invasion: 3,200 - 20,000 direct & indirect deaths: 9,415 - 29,007	direct deaths: at least 14,411 - 17,208 indirect deaths in initial invasion: 3,200 - 20,000 direct & indirect deaths: 17,611 - 37,208 indirect deaths after initial invasion: N/A
Year	Civilians killed as a result of insurgent actions (Total of available estimates, lower - upper)	Civilians killed as a result of U.S-led military actions* (Total of available estimates, lower - upper)	Civilians killed as a result of the war* (Total of available estimates, lower - upper)

• *Note: In UNAMA/AIHRC methodology, whenever it remains uncertain whether a victim is a civilian after they have assessed the facts available to them, UNAMA/AIHRC does not count that victim as a possible civilian casualty. The number of such victims is not provided.^[26]

Civilian casualties (2001-2003)

According to Marc W. Herold's extensive database, Dossier on Civilian Victims of United States' Aerial Bombing, between 3,100 and 3,600 civilians were directly killed by U.S. Operation Enduring Freedom bombing and Special Forces attacks between October 7, 2001 and June 3, 2003. This estimate counts only "impact deaths" – deaths that occurred in the immediate aftermath of an explosion or shooting – and does not count deaths that occurred later as a result of injuries sustained, or deaths that occurred as an indirect consequence of the U.S. airstrikes and invasion.

In an opinion article published in August 2002 in the neoconservative magazine The Weekly Standard, Joshua Muravchik of the American Enterprise Institute, a self-described neoconservative,^[29] questioned Professor Herold's study entirely on the basis of one single incident that involved 25-93 deaths. He did not provide any estimate his own.^[30]

In a pair of January 2002 studies, Carl Conetta of the Project on Defense Alternatives estimates that, at least 4,200-4,500 civilians were killed by mid-January 2002 as a result of the U.S. war and airstrikes, both directly as casualties of the aerial bombing campaign, and indirectly in the humanitarian crisis that the war and airstrikes contributed to.

His first study, "Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties?", released January 18, 2002, estimates that, at the low end, at least 1,000-1,300 civilians were directly killed in the aerial bombing campaign in just the 3 months between October 7, 2001 to January 1, 2002. The author found it impossible to provide an upper-end estimate to direct civilian casualties from the Operation Enduring Freedom bombing campaign that he noted as having an increased use of cluster bombs.^[31] In this lower-end estimate, only Western press sources were used for hard numbers, while heavy "reduction factors" were applied to Afghan government reports so that their estimates were reduced by as much as 75%.^[32]

In his companion study, "Strange Victory: A critical appraisal of Operation Enduring Freedom and the Afghanistan war", released January 30, 2002, Conetta estimates that at least 3,200 more Afghans died by mid-January 2002, of "starvation, exposure, associated illnesses, or injury sustained while in flight from war zones", as a result of the U.S. war and airstrikes.

In similar numbers, a Los Angeles Times review of U.S., British, and Pakistani newspapers and international wire services found that between 1,067 and 1,201 direct civilian deaths were reported by those news organizations during the five months from October 7, 2001 to February 28, 2002. This review excluded all civilian deaths in Afghanistan that did not get reported by U.S., British, or Pakistani news, excluded 497 deaths that did get reported in U.S., British, and Pakistani news but that were not specifically identified as civilian or military, and excluded 754 civilian deaths that were reported by the Taliban but not independently confirmed.^[33]

According to Jonathan Steele of The Guardian, up to 20,000 Afghans may have died as a consequence of the first four months of U.S. airstrikes on Afghanistan.^[34]

Civilian and overall casualties (2005)

An estimated 1,700 people were killed in 2005 according to an Associated Press count, including civilians, insurgents and security forces members.^[35][36] Some 600 policemen were killed between Hamid Karzai's election as president of Afghanistan in early December 2004 and mid-May 2005.^[37]

Civilian and overall casualties (2006)

A report by Human Rights Watch said that 4,400 Afghans had been killed in 2006, more than 1,000 of them civilians. Some 2,077 militants were killed in Coalition operations between September 1 and December 13.^[38]

An Associated Press tally based on reports from Afghan, NATO and coalition officials puts the overall death toll slightly lower, at about 4,000, most of them militants.^[39]

More than 1,900 people were killed in the first eight months of the year by the end of August.^[40]

Civilian and overall casualties (2007)

More than 7,700 people were killed in 2007, including: 1,019 Afghan policemen;^[41] 4,478 militants;^[42] 1,980 civilians^[43] and 232 foreign soldiers.^[44]

With by far the most comprehensive research into Afghan civilian casualties,^[45] Professor Marc W. Herold of the University of New Hampshire estimated in September 2007 that between 5,700 and 6,500 Afghan civilians had been killed so far in the war by American and NATO military forces.^[46] He stressed that this was an "absolute minimum" and probably "a vast underestimate" because the figures do not include:

• the dead among the tens of thousands of Afghans displaced during the initial military operation in 2001-2002, who ended up in refugee camps or elsewhere with little or no supplies for long periods;
• civilian victims of U.S./NATO bombing in mountainous areas, which have few or no communications links or which the U.S./NATO forces "cordon off as part of news management";
• and civilians that did not die immediately at the scene but died later of their injuries.

Civilian and overall casualties (2008)

The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) reported that 2,118 civilians were killed as a result of armed conflict in Afghanistan in 2008, the highest civilian death toll since the end of the initial 2001 invasion. This represents an increase of about 40 percent over UNAMA's figure of 1,523 civilians killed in 2007.^{[17][18][15][22]}

On the other hand, according to NATO forces only about 1,000 civilians were killed during the whole year.^[47][48]

Going into further detail, UNAMA reported that out of 2,118 civilian deaths in 2008, 1,160 non-combatants were killed by anti-government forces, accounting for 55% of the 2008 total, while 828 were killed by international-led military forces, accounting for 39% of the 2008 total. The remaining 6% – 130 deaths – could not be attributed to any of the parties since some of them died as a result of crossfire or were killed by unexploded ordnance, for example. Of the civilians killed by anti-government elements, 85% died as a result of suicide or improvised explosive devices. Of the civilians killed by pro-government forces, 64% were killed by U.S./NATO airstrikes.^[17][18] (Note: UNAMA's report includes in its count of civilian/non-combatant deaths any "members of the military who are not being utilized in counter insurgency operations, including when they are off-duty.")^[17]

The Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) estimated the number of civilians killed as a result of the armed hostilities in 2008 at around 1,800, with about 1,000 killed by militant groups and about 800 killed by U.S.-led military forces.^[16]

The Afghanistan Rights Monitor(ARM), a Kabul-based rights watchdog, estimated that in 2008 about 3,917 civilians were killed, over 6,800 were wounded, and around 120,000 were forced out of their homes. ARM estimated that insurgents killed over 2,300 civilians, including 930 in suicide bombings, and that U.S.-led military forces killed over 1,620 civilians, with 1,100 civilians killed by U.S.-led NATO and coalition forces and 520 civilians killed by Afghan military forces. Out of these, 680 Afghan civilians killed in air strikes by the US-led forces, with U.S. combat aircraft conducting at least 15,000 close air support missions over the year. Another 2,800 civilians were injured and 80,000 displaced from their homes by the U.S.-led NATO and coalition military operations.^[16][19]

According to Afghanistan's ambassador to Australia, Amanullah Jayhoon, 1,000 Afghan civilians were killed by coalition forces in 2008.^[20]

Meanwhile, NATO's International Security Assistance Force has said that only just over 200 civilians were mistakenly killed by foreign troops last year.^[19]

According to NATO spokesman James Appathurai, 97 civilian deaths were caused by ISAF in 2008, while 987 civilian deaths were caused by militant groups. The number of civilian deaths caused by US-led military forces operating outside of ISAF was not mentioned in that statement.^[48][49]

In October 2008, Professor Marc W. Herold of the University of New Hampshire reported that the number of civilians killed in direct action by U.S. and other NATO forces from 2005 up that point in 2008 was at least between 2,699 and 3,273. These figures represent underestimates of the number of Afghan civilians killed because civilians are sometimes labelled militants by the military and because these figures only include civilians that died immediately at the scene and not civilians that died later of their injuries.^[45][50]

In 2008, 38 aid workers, almost all from NGO's, were killed, double the number from 2007, and 147 were abducted.^[17][18]

According to the Afghanistan Rights Monitor(ARM) more than 1,100 Afghan police and 530 Afghan soldiers lost their lives in 2008.^[19]

According to NATO forces, 5,000 militants were killed in 2008.^[47]

Civilian and overall casualties (2009)

2009 was again the most lethal year for Afghan civilians in the American-led war since the fall of the Taliban government in late 2001. According to the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), 2,412 civilians were killed by the war in 2009, a jump of 14% over the number that lost their lives in 2008. An additional 3,566 Afghan civilians were wounded as a result of the war in 2009.^[23][24]

Of these, UNAMA attributed two-thirds, or 1,630, of the deaths to the action of anti-government forces, around a quarter, 596, of the deaths to action by American-led military forces, and was not able to clearly attribute another 186 civilian deaths to any one side. Airstrikes continued to be the main cause of civilian deaths resulting from US-led military action, with 359 Afghan civilians killed by US/NATO airstrikes in 2009.^[24]

In addition to a growing number of Afghan civilians being killed, Afghan populations caught in the eight-year war have also suffered from loss of livelihood, displacement, and the destruction of their homes, property, and personal assets.^[24]

In its mid-year report, the UNAMA underlined that "if the non-combatant status of one or more victim(s) remains under significant doubt, such deaths are not included in the overall number of civilian casualties. Thus, there is a significant possibility that UNAMA is under-reporting civilian casualties."^[51]

In September 2009, the U.N. reported that August had been the deadliest month of 2009 to date for Afghan civilians as a result of the August 20th election. The U.N. also reported that about 1,500 people were killed from the start of the year through August. The report stated: "August (was) the deadliest month since the beginning of 2009. ... These figures reflect an increasing trend in insecurity over recent months and in elections-related violence." UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) attributed 68% of the deaths to anti-government elements and 23% of the deaths to international-led military forces – most of them in airstrikes. In 9% of the civilian deaths, UNAMA was unable to clearly attribute the cause to any one side of the parties in the conflict. The number of civilians killed represented an increase of 31% over the same period in 2008, when 1,145 civilians were killed.^[52]

Civilian and overall casualties (2010)

2010 was again the deadliest year for Afghan civilians in the U.S.-led war since the fall of the Taliban government in late 2001, as insecurity and volatility continued to spread to the northern, eastern, and western regions of Afghanistan.^[25][26]

According to the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC), 2,777 Afghan civilians were killed in the U.S.-led war in 2010, a jump of 15% over the civilian toll in 2009.^[25][26]

Of these, UNAMA/AIHRC attributed 2,080 civilian deaths as having been caused by anti-government elements, up 28% from 2009 and representing 74.9% of the 2,777 Afghan civilian deaths they recorded in the war in 2010. 1,141 or 55% of these deaths were caused by suicide attacks and improvised explosive devices (IEs).^[25][26]

UNAMA/AIHRC attributed 440 of the Afghan civilian deaths in 2010 as having been caused by U.S.-led military forces, a reduction of 26% from 2009 and representing 15.9% of the 2,777 Afghan civilian deaths they recorded for 2010. Airstrikes caused 171, or 39% of these deaths.^[25][26]

In 9% of the civilian deaths, UNAMA/AIHRC were unable to clearly attribute the cause to any one side.^[25][26]

In addition to the civilian deaths, a total of 4,343 civilians were documented by UNAMA/AIHRC to have been wounded in the war in 2010, a jump of 22% from 2009.^[26]

Civilian and overall casualties (2011)

In the first half of of 2011, the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan again brought yet higher numbers of civilian deaths as violence intensified and security spiralled downward. According to UNAMA/AIHRC figures, 1,462 Afghan civilians were killed in the first six months of 2011, another 15% jump over the same period in 2010.^[27]

UNAMA/AIHRC attributed 1,167 of those deaths as having been caused by anti-government elements, up 28% from the same period in 2010 and representing 79.8% of the civilian deaths.^[27]

UNAMA/AIHRC attributed 207 Afghan civilian deaths as having been caused by U.S.-led military forces, down 9% from the same period in 2010 and representing 14.2% of the civilian deaths.^[27]

In 6% of the civilian deaths, UNAMA and AIHRC were unable to clearly attribute the cause to any one side.^[27]

The use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) increased and became more widespread, suicide attacks became more complex and sophisticated, targeted killings intensified, ground fighting increased, and civilian deaths from airstrikes, particularly by Apache attack helicopters, also increased.^[27]

Afghan protestation of civilian deaths caused by international forces

Afghan President Hamid Karzai's repeated pleas to the foreign military forces

Over the past seven years, the Afghan President Hamid Karzai has repeatedly pleaded with the foreign military forces in his country to stop killing so many Afghan civilians in their operations.^{[53][54][55][56][57][58]}

• In July 2002, following an American bombing raid in which Afghan officials say 44 people were killed, including many celebrating a wedding and many children, the Afghan president protested to the U.S. military authorities, and urged them to be more careful in their targeting to prevent any more civilian deaths. U.S. President George W. Bush offered his condolences.^[59][60]

“	"We are not happy. We don't want any more Afghan civilian casualties." "This must not occur again." "I have asked that from now onwards everything should be closely co-ordinated between the Americans and the central authority of Afghanistan to make sure no such mishaps happen again and I have conveyed this to the Americans."	”
	— Afghan President Hamid Karzai, July 2002[61][62]

(Senior Afghan officials were furious that it took five days before President Bush telephoned Mr. Karzai to offer sympathy and that Donald Rumsfeld, the US Defense Secretary, had expressed no remorse or apology.^[61][62])

• In May 2005, Afghan President Hamid Karzai expressed "concern" about the occurrence of civilian deaths by the international military forces in his country, and asked them to exercise "extreme caution" while acting in civilian areas.^[63] He insisted that the Afghan government be able to veto U.S. military operations in Afghanistan, promised to correct "mistakes" made by US forces, especially intrusive searches of village homes by American troops, and called for the return of hundreds of Afghan nationals being held prisoner by the U.S. in Cuba at Guantanamo Bay.^[64]

• In September 2005, Afghan President Hamid Karzai questioned the continued use of airstrikes by the U.S.-led military forces in his country. He also asked that the United States stop raiding Afghan houses without authorization from the Afghan government. Both the airstrikes, which have caused many civilian casualties, and the house searches by foreign military troops have grown increasingly unpopular in Afghanistan. This was not the first time the Afghan president has complained about the American military presence. In May his request for some more authority over U.S. military operations in his own country was rejected by President Bush.^[65][66]

“	"I don’t think there is a big need for military activity in Afghanistan anymore. The use of air power is something that may not be very effective now because we have moved forward." "Similarly, going into the Afghan homes – searching Afghan homes without the authorization of the Afghan government – is something that should stop now." "No coalition forces should go into Afghan homes without the authorization of the Afghan government."	”
	— Afghan President Hamid Karzai, September 2005[66]

• In May 2006, Afghan President Hamid Karzai summoned the commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, Lt. Gen. Karl Eikenberry, to demand an explanation in the deaths of at least 16 Afghan civilians during airstrikes at Taliban militants in the south.^[67]

• In December 2006, a tearful President Hamid Karzai lamented that Afghan children were being maimed and killed by NATO and U.S. bombs and by the terrorism brought on by the war. In a heartfelt speech that brought audience members to tears, Karzai said the cruelty imposed on his people "is too much" and that Afghanistan cannot stop "the coalition from killing our children."^[68][69]

• In May 2007, after heavy aerial bombing by the American military had recently killed 40 to 60 Afghan civilians,^[70] including women and children, wounded about 50 more, and destroyed some 100 houses,^[71] President Hamid Karzai summoned top foreign generals and diplomats to his palace to reiterate years of complaints over blameless deaths.^[54][72] At a news conference afterward, he said that Afghan lives should be valued too, and the Afghan people could no longer tolerate such casualties:^[71]

“	"Civilian deaths and arbitrary decisions to search people’s houses have reached an unacceptable level and Afghans cannot put up with it any longer."[73] "Five years on, it is very difficult for us to continue accepting civilian casualties. It is becoming heavy for us; it is not understandable anymore." "We are very sorry when the international coalition force and NATO soldiers lose their lives or are injured. It pains us. But Afghans are human beings, too."	”
	— Afghan President Hamid Karzai, May 2, 2007[71]

• In June 2007, after the deaths of more than 90 civilians in 10 days,^[74] President Hamid Karzai accused ISAF and the US-led military coalition in his country of "extreme" and "disproportionate" use of force. In his protestations, the Afghan president said that the foreign military forces in his country had to start working in accordance with his government's wishes.^[75][76]

“	"Afghan life is not cheap and it should not be treated as such."[74] "Several times in the last year, the Afghan government tried to prevent civilian casualties, but our innocent people are becoming victims of careless operations of NATO and international forces."	”
	— Afghan President Hamid Karzai, June 23, 2007[58][77]

• On October 28, 2007, in an interview on 60 Minutes, Afghan President Hamid Karzai stated that he had explicitly asked U.S. President George W. Bush to roll back the use of airstrikes – which had killed more than 270 civilians in 17 air strikes to date in 2007 alone – in his country, saying that he had delivered the message privately to Bush using "clear words" in August.

“	"The Afghan people understand that mistakes are made. But five years on, six years on, definitely, very clearly, they cannot comprehend as to why there is still a need for air power."	”
	— Afghan President Hamid Karzai, October 28, 2007[78]

• In August 2008, President Hamid Karzai ordered a review of foreign troops in Afghanistan after his administration said 96 civilians were killed in an air raid by the U.S.-led coalition in western Herat. Already more than 500 civilians had been killed during operations by foreign and Afghan forces in 2008 according to the Afghan government and some aid groups.^[79][80]

• In September 2008, Afghan President Hamid Karzai protested the continued killing of innocent Afghan civilians by the foreign troops in his country when he addressed the United Nations General Assembly's annual gathering of world leaders in New York, and pointed out that it threatens the credibility that the current military situation is a partnership:^[81]

“	"The continuation of civilian casualties can seriously undermine the legitimacy of fighting terrorism and the credibility of the Afghan people's partnership with the international community."	”
	— Afghan President Hamid Karzai, September 24, 2008[82]

• On November 5, 2008, Afghan President Hamid Karzai pleaded U.S. President-elect Barack Obama to put an end to civilian casualties in Afghanistan as villagers said U.S. warplanes bombed a wedding party, killing 37 people, including 23 children and 10 women. Karzai again demanded an immediate end of civilian-killing air strikes by U.S. warplanes, saying:^[83]

“	"Our demand is that there will be no civilian casualties in Afghanistan. We cannot win the fight against terrorism with airstrikes." "This is my first demand of the new president of the United States – to put an end to civilian casualties."	”
	— Afghan President Hamid Karzai, November 5, 2008[83]

• On December 18, 2008, Afghan President Hamid Karzai again spoke of asking the United States to cooperate with his government in their military operations in his country. In a speech, he said that in the previous month he had again asked that the U.S. military in his country cooperate with his government, sending the U.S. government a list of demands about troop conduct, but did not say if he had received any response back.^[84]

“	"Part of that list was that they shouldn't, on their own, enter the houses of our people and bombard our villages and detain our people."	”
	— Afghan President Hamid Karzai, December 18, 2008[57]

• In April 2009, after American-led military forces killed 5 civilians, including two children and a nine-month-old baby, in a U.S. night raid in Khost province, Afghan President Hamid Karzai ordered his interior and defence ministries, the intelligence service and local government to investigate and present their findings to him. Those killed were the wife, brother, son, and daughter of an Afghan army colonel, as well as the unborn nine-month-old baby of his cousin's wife. Another daughter and his cousin's wife were wounded but survived. In a statement Karzai said that he had "for several years repeatedly asked the international military forces (to) carry out their counter-terrorism operations in ways that do not cause civilian casualties." He reiterated this demand and insisted that foreign forces adhere to a directive signed months ago to fully coordinate their operations with their Afghan counterparts and base them on accurate information.^[85][86]

• In March 2011, Karzai rejected American President Obama's and Gen. David Petraeus' apologies for U.S. helicopter gunners killing 9 Afghan boys ages 7–13 who were collecting firewood. "The apology is not enough," Karzai said. "Civilian casualties produced by the military operations of coalition forces are the cause of tension in relations between Afghanistan and the United States of America. The people of Afghanistan are fed up from these brutal incidents and apologies and condemnation cannot cure their pain." In response to the deaths of the boys, Petraeus ordered all field commanders and helicopter crews to again study their rules of engagement.^[87][88] One source claims more than 200 civilians killed in military operations and insurgent attacks in "recent weeks".^[89]

• In May 2011, Karzai Karzai issued a "final warning" as more civilians were killed in NATO airstrikes. He said the Afghan people can no longer tolerate the attacks, and that the U.S.-led coalition risks being seen as an "occupying force".^[90][91]

Afghan public protests over civilian deaths

• On July 4, 2002, in the first anti-American protest since the overthrow of the Taliban, about 200 Afghans marched through the streets of Kabul to express their outrage over attacks by U.S. forces which killed scores of civilians, including many children and 25 members of one family. According to Afghan Foreign Minister Abdullah, 44 people were killed and 120 wounded in the U.S. attacks on about a half dozen villages in Uruzgan province, which villagers said included an attack on a pre-wedding party.^[59][60]

• On May 29, 2006, large-scale rioting, fueled by anti-U.S. anger, swept through Afghanistan's capital, Kabul, after a U.S. military truck crashed into a crowd of Afghan pedestrians. Afghan President Hamid Karzai's office said five people were killed in the vehicle crash. The U.S. military, in a statement issued earlier, had said at least one person was killed in the crash and six wounded, two of them critically. Afghan officials called it the worst day of rioting in Kabul since the overthrow of the Taliban regime. At least 8 people were killed and 109 wounded in the widespread anti-U.S. protests through the capital. Video from one rioting site after the crash showed a U.S. military vehicle firing in the direction of a crowd of Afghans. Dozens of protesters outside the U.S. Embassy screamed "Death to Americans!" while embassy personnel retreated to bunkers. "We want America out of this country! We hate America! They have no responsibility!" said protester Ajmal Jan.^[67][92]

• On April 30, 2007, thousands of Afghans staged a protest accusing USA-led coalition and Afghan troops of killing civilians in the western province of Herat. The protesters stormed a government district headquarters in Shindand, south of Herat city, where Western troops have a large base. The anti-U.S. protest came a day after an angry demonstration in eastern Nangahar province over the killing of civilians by coalition and Afghan forces there.^[93]

• On May 2, 2007, about 500 Afghan university students protested in the eastern province of Nangarhar alleging six civilians had been killed by US-led coalition troops a few days before. On that same day, Afghan and UN teams announced that their investigations had found that around 50 civilians were killed in days of ground fighting and bombing in a remote valley in the western province of Herat.^[72]

• On September 26, 2007, following a raid by foreign troops that left two religious leaders dead, about 500 Afghan protesters shut down the main highway out of Kandahar city with some chanting "Death to Canada" and "Death to foreigners" and calling on foreign troops to leave their country. The protesters accused American and Canadian soldiers of killing the two religious leaders during night raids on houses in Senjaray, a community on the outskirts of Kandahar city. Anger was also directed at Afghan President Hamid Karzai for allowing the foreign military presence in their country.^[94]

• On August 23, 2008, about 250 Afghan villagers gathered in angry demonstration to protest the deaths of 76 civilians, most of them children, killed in U.S.-led airstrikes near the village of Azizabad, about 120 kilometres south of Herat city in western Afghanistan.^[80][95]

• On September 1, 2008, hundreds of citizens in the Afghan capital Kabul rushed into the streets and burnt tires on the Kabul-Jalalabad highway protesting the killing of three members of a Kabuli family, including two children, by U.S.-led troops. Residents said the U.S.-led troops, carrying out a pre-dawn raid in Hud Kheil area in the eastern quarter of Kabul, threw hand grenades into a house, killing Noorullah and two of his sons, one of whom was eight months old. Their deaths were the latest in a string of incidents that have angered Afghans and caused a split between the Afghan government and foreign troops.^[79][96]

• On October 16, 2008, protests by crowds condemning British forces and the Afghan government took place in Lashkar Gah, capital city of Helmand province, after a NATO airstrike killed as many as 18 women and children.^[97]

• On December 26, 2008, a crowd of hundreds of Afghans protested in Maywand district in Kandahar province following overnight raids by U.S. military forces, claiming that innocent people were killed in the attack. Local villagers, angered by the military raids, blocked the main highway for three hours and burned tires.^[13][98]

• On March 7, 2009, hundreds of Afghan demonstrators in eastern Afghanistan blocked the path of a U.S. military convoy to condemn an early morning raid in Khost province that killed four people and wounded two. Tahir Khan Sabari, the deputy governor of the province, said the four people killed were civilians, but the American military claimed they were militants. Demonstrators in Khost city threw rocks at the American military convoy, shouted "Death to America", and burned tires, sending up dark plumes of smoke.^[99]

• On May 7, 2009, thousands of Afghan villagers shouting "Death to America" and "Death to the Government" protested in Farah city over American bomber air strikes on May 4 that killed 147 civilians. Clashes with police started when people from the three villages struck by US B1-bombers brought 15 newly-discovered bodies in a truck to the house of the provincial governor. Four protesters were wounded when police opened fire. Going by the account of survivors, the air raid was not a brief attack by several aircraft acting on mistaken intelligence, but a sustained bombardment in which three villages were pounded to pieces.^[100] An Afghan government investigation concluded on May 16, 2009 with the Afghan Defense Ministry announcing an official death toll of 140 villagers. A copy of the government's list of the names and ages of each of the 140 dead showed that 93 of those killed were children, and only 22 were adult males.^[101]

• On December 9, 2009, some 5,000 Afghan villagers marched in protest over the killing of civilians in a pre-dawn attack by U.S. troops in Armul village, Laghman province in eastern Afghanistan. President Hamid Karzai's office said the attack had killed 6 civilians, including one woman, while NATO denied that any civilians had been killed in its military attack. A Reuters journalist, on the other hand, saw the bodies of a woman and 12 males, including two teenagers, and the top Laghman provincial council leader said that 13 civilians had been killed. The protesters were chanting slogans against the foreign troops in their country, as well as against Afghan president Hamid Karzai and the provincial governor, when Afghan troops opened fire on them. Four protesters were hit by bullets, two dying instantly and two were taken to a hospital, where residents said they died of their wounds.^[102]

• On December 30, 2009, protesters in Jalalabad set alight a US flag and an effigy of President Obama after chanting “Death to Obama” and “Death to foreign forces”. In Kabul, protesters held up banners showing photographs of dead children alongside placards demanding “Foreign troops leave Afghanistan” and “Stop killing us”. This was in response to reports that US-led forces had shot 10 villagers in their home, including 8 children, during a raid in the Ghazi Khan village in Narang district of the eastern province of Kunar.^[103]

• On January 21, 2010, angry Afghan villagers took to the streets in Ghazni province to protest the deaths of civilians they claimed were killed in a raid by NATO troops. NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) claimed it had killed four insurgents including a 15-year-old boy during their raid in the Qarabagh District of Ghazni province the previous night. But 50 villagers brought five coffins to the provincial capital Ghazni city, claiming that three of the dead were civilians, including two children below the age of seven. The head of the provincial hospital where the bodies were initially taken said that his doctors told him that two children were among the bodies brought to them.^[104]

• On January 28, 2010, angry demonstrations took place outside Camp Phoenix, a U.S. military base on the outskirts of Kabul, after NATO troops killed an Afghan religious leader who had been sitting in a parked car with his two young sons while waiting for a NATO ISAF convoy to pass by. According to witnesses, the fourth ISAF vehicle in the convoy opened fire on the parked car without provocation. At least 16 bullet holes were later counted on the car's exterior and Mullah Mohmmad Younas was killed by three bullets in his chest and one in his abdomen. ISAF confirmed the shooting of a civilian, offered sympathies, and said it was investigating.^[105]

Civilian casualties by insurgent forces

While most of the Afghan protests have been over the civilian casualties caused by international military forces, on October 24, 2008, over 1,000 Afghans also took to the streets of Mihtarlam in eastern Afghanistan to protest the killing of 26 young men by Taliban militants. A Taliban spokesperson said the men who were taken off a bus were targeted because they were members or recruits of Afghan security forces, but Afghan officials said that the men were civilians on their way to Iran to find work.^[106]

In considering civilian casualties caused collectively by insurgent forces, it should be noted that the armed insurgency in Afghanistan against the government and foreign military forces is composed of many diverse individuals and groups that are motivated by a range of different goals and ideologies, that do not necessarily identify as "Taliban", and that do not act under a single line of authority.^[17]

In the initial airstrikes and invasion, most of the direct civilian deaths were the result of U.S.-led airstrikes and groundfire. In the years since 2005, the mounting insurgency has resulted in more direct civilian deaths being caused each year by insurgent actions than by coalition military action. Overall, however, the number of direct civilian casualties that have been attributed to insurgent forces by the available estimates remains less than the number that have been attributed to U.S.-led airstrikes and groundfire since 2001.

A roll call opposite Downing Street

International protests, demonstrations and rallies

Main article: Protests against the invasion of Afghanistan

The deaths of thousands of Afghan civilians caused directly and indirectly by the U.S. and NATO bombing campaigns have been a major underlying focus of protests against the war in Afghanistan since it began a decade ago.

Protests around the world, starting with large-scale global demonstrations in the days leading up to the official launch of U.S. Operation Enduring Freedom's under George W. Bush and Donald Rumsfeld in October 2001, have taken place every year since.

Major casualties and airstrikes by US-led military forces

Since the beginning of the war in October 2001, there have been numerous reported incidents of Afghan civilians killed in military operations, although U.S.-led military forces say they go to extreme lengths to avoid civilian casualties. The foreign troops accuse insurgents of blending in with local populations while attacking foreign and Afghan forces. The following is a list of some of the specific incidents in which civilian casualties have occurred as a result of actions by coalition forces.

by year

2001

• On October 9, 2001, in a news conference in Islamabad, Pakistan, a United Nations spokeswoman reported that a cruise missile had killed four U.N. employees and injured four others in a building several miles east of Kabul. The casualties were Afghans employed as security guards by the Afghan Technical Consultancy, the U.N. demining agency (Afghanistan is the most heavily mined country on the planet).^[107] The Taliban reported about 8 to 20 civilian casualties, unconfirmed by independent sources.^[108]

• On October 10, 2001, the Sultanpur mosque in Jalalabad was bombed (BBC) twice – once during prayer, and again when rescue workers returned to remove the wounded and the dead. Initial casualty estimates ranged from 15-70 in the first attack, and up to 120 in the second. This two-hit bombing was repeated later on November 19, when 32 people were killed in Shamshad and then the rescuers were hit again. Several other mosques were bombed later, such as the Kunduz mosque on October 12 and the particularly deadly bombing of the Kala Shah Pir village mosque on October 23. On the same day, the villages of Darunta, Torghar, and Farmada were bombed, killing between 28 and 100 people.

• On October 11, 2001, the village of Karam was completely destroyed. (The Guardian) Reporters on the scene reported having to hold their noses due to the smell. Between 160 and 200 people, in addition to their livestock, were killed, as reported by the surviving villagers. In response, Donald Rumsfeld stated "We do not have information that validates any of that", but added that Washington's information on the ground was "imperfect". Al-Qaeda was believed to have training camps and ammunition storage tunnels in the area around Karam.

• On October 17, 2001, downtown Kandahar was targeted with bombs and rockets in the area around a ministry building; the bombing destroyed several dozen stores and homes, and killing between 40 and 47 people. This was repeated the following day elsewhere in Kandahar, where bombs near the Kepten intersection destroyed a bazaar and killed between 10 and 47 additional people. This began a relatively deadly few days, where 40 people were killed in the Kabul area on the 18th, several dozen people were killed in Tarin Kot on the 19th, and 60-70 were killed in Herat and 50 killed in Kandahar on the 20th.^{[citation needed]}

• On October 21, 2001, the casualty rate peaked with the bombing of a hospital and mosque in Herat. The 200 bed hospital, used for both military and civilian patients, was reportedly not the target; the target was 300 feet (91 m) away. Approximately 100 bodies were found among the wreckage. On the same day, over 20 people (including 9 children) died when the tractor trailer used by several families to flee Tarin Kut was bombed (similar to an event on October 24); a stray bomb in the Parod Gajadad district of Khair Khana destroyed two homes; in another district of Khair Khana, 18 people were killed when 17 homes were destroyed by a bomb that missed a military base by 1/2 mile (800 m); 5 people from Kabul's Kaluezaman Khan neighborhood were killed; an 8 year old girl was killed in Macroyan, Kabul; 11 people were killed in Tarin Kut; and 3 were killed in Kandahar city. The following day, the casualty rate didn't fall much, with the coalition stepping up the targeting of fuel trucks and the accidental bombing of homes and shops in several cities, killing well over 100 people.^{[citation needed]}

• On October 23, 2001, the village of Chowkar Kariz was destroyed; testimony from the survivors indicated a casualty number between 52 and 93. Times journalist Paul Rogers reported that "not a single house has been left intact" and that "evidence that this remote spot had ever been used for military or terrorist purposes is non-existent." In the face of opposition from human rights groups, including Human Rights Watch, U.S. officials continued to claim that the town was a "fully legitimate target" and that "the people there are dead because we wanted them dead." This was the last major case of civilian casualties for the next few weeks, as incidents dropped to an average of four per day and an average of about 8 casualties per said attack. The most lethal attack between the 23rd and November 4, 2001 was an attack on residential areas in Kabul on October 29 that took 25 lives.^{[citation needed]}

• On October 26, 2001, twenty-three people were killed in a bombing raid in the village Thori in the Urozgan province.^[109]

• On November 5, 2001, an upswing in civilian casualties occurred with major attacks on Kabul and villages in the Balkh province. The most deadly of the attacks occurred in Ogopruk village, near Mazar e Sharif, where 36 people in a residential area were killed by stray bombs. The daily civilian casualty rate remained over 50 through November 10, where it peaked with attacks on three villages near Khakrez that killed approximately 125 people.^{[citation needed]}

• On November 13, 2001, an American missile went "awry", according to the Pentagon, and destroyed the Al-Jazeera bureau in Kabul. In (November 27, 2003 – Hearst Newspapers, www.commondreams.org/scriptfiles/views03/1127-07.htm).

• On November 17, 2001, 62 people were killed in the bombing of a Madrassa in Khost, while 42 nomads were killed near Maiwand, two families with a total of 30 people were killed in Charikar village, 28 people were killed in Zani Khel village, and other scattered attacks took another 13 lives.^{[citation needed]}

• November 18, 2001 proved to be one of the more deadly days of bombing in the conflict. Scores of Gypsies were killed in Kundar, 100-150 people were killed in villages near Khanabad in an attack described by witnesses as "carpet bombing", 35 people were killed in Shamshad village, and 24 in Garikee Kah village. Several of these villages were near the front lines, and were likely hit by stray bombs. A similar error occurred on November 20 when 40 people were killed as their mud houses collapsed from a stray bomb in a village near the Kunduz front line.^{[citation needed]}

• An incident, similar to the October 9 incident, killed 12 people at another mine clearing facility.^{[citation needed]}

• On November 25, 2001, 92 people (including 18 women and 7 children) were killed by bombing in Kandahar. On the same day, 70 people were killed when cluster bombs were dropped in the Kunduz area, as well as scattered deaths in Adha village and Takhta-Pal.^{[citation needed]}

• On December 1, 2001, about 100 people were killed by 25 bombs in their houses in the village of Kama Ado. Kandahar city reported numerous civilian casualties, while four trucks and five busses carrying passengers fleeing the war were hit on a highway, killing 30. Talkhel and Balut villages suffered 50 casualties, while Chperagem village suffered 28. About 20 people were killed in the Agam district, while 15 people died in refugee vehicles in Arghisan, and over 30 people died in the Jada area near Herat. It proved to be another particularly lethal day in the conflict for civilians. The subsequent days were little improved. About 150 civilians died across the country on December 2 in a variety of villages. In the same week, over 300 villagers in the white mountains near Tora Bora, as US forces attacked villages which fighters passed through, hoping to kill any which remained in the area.^[110]

• After the Tora Bora bombing campaign, the effort dispersed to kill Taliban and al-Qaeda members fleeing with their families, and focused on the Paktia and Paktika provinces. Numerous villages were hit shortly after the leaders passed through, leaving a chain of destruction following their path. The first place to be struck was Mashikhel in Paktia, in what inaccurate intelligence had said was a Taliban base. The city's mosque (Saqawa) was hit, killing 10 and injuring 12. The bombing then moved to Mashkhel, killing another 16 civilians. On December 20, 2001, U.S. AC-130 gunships and Navy fighters attacked and destroyed a convoy in Afghanistan believed to be carrying the leaders and struck surrounding villages. The convoy turned out to be carrying tribal elders heading to the inauguration ceremony for Hamid Karzai; between 20 and 65 people died.^[111] Overnight on the 27th, US forces struck at the village of Naka. Between 25 and 40 people were killed, 5-25 houses were destroyed, and 4-60 people were injured; however, US forces got one of their targets (the Taliban's Minister of Security, Qari Ahmadullah) and two sons of a commander they were also seeking (Maulvi Ahmed Taha). Taha himself was not killed in the attack. The next night, the village of Shekhan was bombed, killing 15 civilians and destroying three houses.^{[citation needed]}

• The following day (December 31, 2001), one of the largest single incidents of civilian casualties in the entire war occurred: at least one U.S. fighter jet, a B-52 bomber and two helicopters swooped on Qalaye Niazi near Gardez, killing over 100 people. The area was littered with craters; one person (Janat Gul) recounted how all other 24 members of her family were killed. Body parts were reported scattered throughout the streets; the United Nations has confirmed that all of the dead were civilians.^[111][112]

2002

• On July 1, 2002, 48 people at a wedding party in a village in Oruzgan province were killed, and a further 117 injured, in a bombing raid.^[110][113] New figures from October 2006 say that 46 people were killed.^[111][114] The name of the village is Del Rawad, though early reports gave its name as Kakrakai or Kakrak. Gunfire meant to celebrate the wedding was apparently mistaken by US military for hostile gunfire. A B-52 bomber and AC-130 gunship were both involved in the incident, which reportedly went on for over an hour. The victims included many women and children. Some survivors were treated in Mirwai Hospital in Kandahar, and at least four children were treated at military hospitals in Bagram and Kandahar. The incident resulted in a formal protest, and later a warning, from the Afghan government. An anti-American rally was held in Kabul on July 5 as a protest against the incident. On July 3, US President George Bush expressed "deep condolences for the loss of human life", and US authorities later stated that the area affected by the bombing would be rebuilt. Several inquiries into the incident were undertaken.^[115] According to The Times, a preliminary UN report has stated that US forces arrived at the scene of the bombing raid and removed vital evidence.CNN reporting on the Times report However, this has been dismissed as false by the Afghan government. United States bombs have also struck a Kabul residential area and struck near and damaged a military hospital (according to the U.N.) or an elderly home (according to the Pentagon) in Herat.

2003

• February 2003 – At least 17 civilians, mostly women and children, were killed in coalition bombing raids in a mountainous region Helmand province.^[111][116]

• February 2003 – Reuters reported that according to locals, 8 civilians were killed in the Baghran Valley area of Helmand province when a U.S. bomber and gunship attacked the area.^[111]

• April 9, 2003 – Eleven Afghans, seven of them women, were killed and one wounded when a stray U.S. laser-guided bomb hit a house on the outskirts of Shkin in Paktika province.^[110][111]

• September 2003 – At least eight civilians died in a U.S. air strike in the Naw Bahar district of the Zabul province that also killed a Taliban commander.^[111][117]

• October 30, 2003 – In a small hamlet near the village of Aranj in the Waygal district of Nuristan province, Afghanistan, six people of the same family were killed when a house was bombarded by U.S. warplanes. The house belonged to a former provincial governor, Ghulam Rabbani, who was in Kabul at the time. The raid was aimed at Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Mullah Faqirullah, both of whom had left the area just hours before. The victims (three children, an adolescent, a young man and an old woman) were all relatives of Mullah Rabbani.^[111][118]

• November 15, 2003 – Six civilians died when a U.S. warplane dropped a bomb in the Barmal district of Paktika province.^[119]

• December 5, 2003 – Near Gardez in Paktia province, an air and ground attack by U.S. special forces on a compound, used by a rebel commander Mullah Jalani to store munitions, killed six children and two adults.^[110][111]

• December 6. 2003 – According to both villagers and the U.S. military, 9 children – 7 boys and 2 girls from the ages of 9 to 12 – and a 25-year-old man were killed when two U.S. A-10 Thunderbolt II planes attacked the village of Hutala with rockets and guns. Mullah Wazir, the intended target, was not at home at the time. U.S. ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad stated the next day that Wazir was killed in the attack, but retracted the statement shortly after. Names and ages of the children killed: Habibullah, 11; Obaidullah, 10; Faizullah, 9; Ismail Jan, 11; Nabi Jan, 9; Habibullah, 12; Aminullah, 9; Bibi Toara, 10; and Bibi Tamama, 9.^{[110][111][120]}

2004

• January 18, 2004 – 11 civilians – 4 children and 7 adults – were killed by a U.S. air strike on a house in the village of Saghatho.^[121]

2005

• July 1, 2005 – An "unknown number" of noncombatants were killed in an airstrike in Kunar province.^[122] A second source dates the incident on July 3 and places the number of victims at 17.^[123]

2006

• January 14, 2006 – Several missiles were fired from a CIA-operated unmanned Predator drones over the Afghan border into the Pakistani village of Damadola in the Bajaur area. 18 civilians were killed.^[124]
  Main article: Damadola airstrike

• March 14, 2006 – Canadian troops in Kandahar open fire on a taxi, killing one of its passengers, Nasrat Ali Hassan.^[125]

• May 22, 2006 – 17 villagers were killed when coalition warplanes attacked Taliban forces in Kandahar Province. The U.S. military, which said dozens of militants also died in the fighting, expressed regret over the deaths.^[114][126]

• August 22, 2006 – A 10 year old boy riding as a passenger on a motorcycle was shot and killed by Canadian troops in Kandahar.^[127][128]

• August 26, 2006 – Canadian troops shot and killed an Afghan policeman with 6 others injured.^[129]

• October 18, 2006 – A rocket hit a house during a nighttime clash between suspected Taliban insurgents and NATO and Afghan security forces in the farming village of Tajikai, 135 miles (217 km) west of Kandahar city. The rocket was fired from an aircraft and killed 13 villagers inside the home. A NATO spokesman said alliance jets and helicopters fired rockets and dropped bombs on Taliban positions in the area after 2 a.m. October 18, 2006, but could not confirm that they hit a civilian house. He added that the Taliban had been using mortars in the area of the clash. About 100 families live in Tajikai.^[114]

• October 19, 2006 – Airstrikes by NATO helicopters hunting Taliban fighters ripped through three dried mud homes in southern Afghanistan as villagers slept early October 18, 2006. At least nine civilians were killed, including women and children, said residents and the provincial governor. Angry villagers in Ashogho condemned the attack, which set back NATO's hopes of winning local support for their tough counterinsurgency campaign. The airstrikes came at about the same time a rocket struck a house in a village to the west, reportedly killing 13 people. NATO's International Security Assistance Force said in a statement that October 18, 2006 operation in Kandahar was believed to have caused several civilian casualties. The alliance said the operation was meant to detain people involved in roadside bomb attacks in Panjwayi district, which borders Zhari District. NATO said it regretted any civilian casualties and that it makes every effort to minimize the risk of collateral damage.^[114]

• October 26, 2006 – Between 40 and 60 villagers were killed in two separate night air raids, followed by mortar and rocket attacks against villages in the Panjwayi and Pashmul districts of Kandahar province.^[130]

• November 16, 2006 – British troops open fire at a vehicle and killed two of its occupant, wounding a young girl, near Girish, in Helmand Province.^[131]

• December 12, 2006 – An elderly motorcyclist was shot and killed by Canadian troops in Kandahar.^[132]

2007

• January 12, 2007 – Afghan police claim 13 civilians killed in a NATO airstrike in the Garmser district of Helmand Province. NATO claims "no evidence of any civilian casualties".^[133]

• January 24, 2007 – NATO troops fired at a vehicle which failed to stop in the Gereshk district of Helmand province. The bullets killed a passerby.^[134]

• February 17, 2007 – An unarmed man acting in a suspicious manner was shot and killed by Canadian troops near the village of Senjaray 12 km west of Kandahar.^[135]

• February 17, 2007 – NATO troops shot and killed a civilian who was running through convoy near Kandahar.^[136]

• February 18, 2007 – Canadian troops mistakenly gunned down an Afghan National Police officer and a homeless beggar after their convoy was ambushed in Kandahar City late Sunday.^[137]

• February 27, 2007 – Canadian troops opened fire at a Toyota car that failed to stop at a security cordon around a broken down Canadian vehicle in the Kandahar area. One occupant was killed and the other was wounded. No weapons or bombs were found.^[138]

• March 4, 2007 – Approximately 16 civilians were killed and dozens were wounded by US marine gunfire on the road between Jalalabad and Pakistan after a bomb blast directed the marine convoy in what has become known as the Shinwar shooting.^[139][140] In a March 14, 2007 article, the Afghan human rights commission alleged Marines put the number of victims at 12 people—including a 4-year-old girl, a 1-year-old boy and three elderly villagers and stated the Marines used excessive force, as they shot at people as they fled the scene of the bomb, even miles from the incident location. This report on killings of civilians in the Nangarhar Province is consistent with U.S. findings. The Marine commander and NCO were shipped back to the United States after this incident.^[141]
  Main article: 2007 Shinwar shooting

• March 5, 2007 – Nine civilians, including five women and two to three children were killed when their home was destroyed by two 2,000 lb (910 kg) bombs in the Nijrab district, in the Kapisa province, north of Kabul. The troops were responding to an attack that hit a Nato provincial reconstruction team.^[142][143]

• March 16, 2007 – Five Afghan policemen were killed by US troops at a checkpoint in a village near Gereshk, in Helmand Province.^[144] In later reports, the US denied its troops had been involved in the killings.^[145]

• April 29, 2007 – A number of Afghan civilians in Zerkoh Valley were killed in airstrikes conducted in support of US Special Operations Forces. Estimates of the dead vary, with the Afghan government claiming 42 killed, with no sign of Taliban forces. Initial Coalition media reports stated that 87 Taliban were killed with no reports of civilian casualties. Human Rights Watch reported the civilian dead as at least 25.^[146]

• April 29, 2007 – Six people including a woman and a teenage girl were killed by US and Afghan forces as they raided a suspected "car bomb cell" in the Bati Kot area of Nangarhar province, very close to the location of the March 4th 2007. Another woman and another teenage girl were wounded in this incident.^[147][148]

• May 1, 2007 – About 50 civilians, including women and children were killed by US and NATO bombings in Herat province of western Afghanistan during the preceding week.^[71][149]

• May 9, 2007 – Between 21 and 38 civilians, including women and children were killed by a US Air Raid in the village of Soro, in the Sangin district of Helmand Province. Five homes were bombed after US Special Forces came under attack, an attack which cost the life of one US serviceman.^{[150][151][152][153][154][155]}

• May 31, 2007 – At least 15 civilians were killed by NATO forces in the Kajaki district of Helmand Province.^[156]

• June 11, 2007 – Three civilians were killed by NATO-led troops in the Kunar Province as they approached a checkpoint in a vehicle.^[157]

• June 18, 2007 – Seven children were killed in a US Air Strike directed at a compound in Zarghun Shah, in the Paktika province. Initially the US claimed they did not know that children were in the compounds but some U.S. officials confirmed that U.S. forces were indeed aware of the children's presence but military officials told NBC News that Abu Laith al Libi, an al-Qaida leader, was considered such a high-value target it was worth the risk that some children might become casualties of the attack.^[158][159]

• June 19, 2007 – 10 civilians were killed in a US missile strike inside Pakistan.^{[160][161][162][163]}

• June 22, 2007 – About 25 civilians including 9 women and 3 children were killed in an air strike in the village of De Adam Khan, near the town of Gereshk in Helmand Province.^[164][165]

• June 24, 2007 – Two men on motorcycles were shot as they approached the site of an IED explosion against a British vehicle in which a British soldier was killed. This incident occurred near Lashkar Gahin, in Helmand Province. One of the two motrocyclists died, the other was wounded.^[75]

• June 29, 2007 – Four civilian men were killed in a house by US troops who were looking for insurgents. An 85-year-old man, Mohammada Jan, two of his sons and a grandson had been killed by troops who first blew up the gate of house in the village of Nokrukhel in Sherzad district of Nangarhar province.^[166][167]

• June 29, 2007 – Between 50 and 80 civilians were killed by US airstrikes on the village of Hyderabad, in the Province of Hellmand in southern Afghanistan.^{[168][169][170][171]}
  Main article: Hyderabad airstrike

• July 7, 2007 – Villagers from Watapour in the Province of Kunar claim that about 35 civilians were killed by NATO airstrikes, 10 on July 5 and another 25 on the 7th when the funeral for the 10 was bombed.^[172][173]

• August 2, 2007 – Many people, possibly in the hundreds, reported wounded and killed by NATO airstrikes in the Baghran district of the Province of Helmand.^{[174][175][176][177][178][179][180]}

• August 16, 2007 – Eight civilians including a pregnant women and a baby died when Polish soldiers shelled the village of Nangar Khel where a wedding celebration was taking place. Seven Polish soldiers have been charged with war crimes for allegedly opened fire in revenge.
  Main article: Nangar Khel incident

• September 19, 2007 – One Afghan civilian was killed and several others wounded in a traffic collision with a Canadian convoy.^[181]

• September 19, 2007 – Six civilians, women and children were killed by an airstrike in Helmand province.^[182]

• September 23, 2007 – A US helicopter accidentally killed two policemen and three security guards during an anti-Taliban operation in Kunar Province. Eight more were injured.^[183]

• October 2, 2007 – A man on a motorcycle was killed and a child riding behing him was wounded by Canadian troops in Kandahar.^[184]

• October 23, 2007 – A child was found dead in a tent and four others found wounded after Coalition forces fired on the tent from which they claimed they had received gunfire.^[185]

• November 6, 2007 – A son of an Afghan Army general was killed by "warning shots" from British troops while on his way to his brother's wedding.^[186]

• November 15, 2007 – A man in a taxi was killed and another wounded when they were shot at in Kandahar by Canadian troops riding in a convoy.^[187]

• November 28, 2007 – An Afghan official, Nuristan governor Tamim Nuristani, claims U.S.-led coalition troops killed 14 road construction workers in air strikes in eastern Afghanistan. This incident was confirmed by Sayed Noorullah Jalili, director of the Kabul-based road construction company Amerifa whose employees were killed in the bombing.^[188]

2008

• January 24, 2008 – Nine or ten Afghan policemen and two civilians were killed by US Forces in the Ghazni province, 100 km south of Kabul.^[189][190]

• January 30, 2008 – Three civilians showed up at a Kandahar hospital with gunshot wounds, claiming they had been shot at by a Canadian convoy. One of them later died of his injuries.^{[191][192][193]}

• March 12, 2008 – The British government says its troops were responsible for an airstrike that killed two women and two children around Helmand. At least 10 others were injured.^[194][195]

• March 13, 2008 – Two women and two children were killed in Pakistan by cross border shelling fired by US forces in Afghanistan.^[196]

• March 19, 2008 – Several civilians were killed by US troops in Muqibel, a village of Khost province.^[197]

• June 11, 2008 – At least 30 killed at 10 P.M. on Tuesday night, June 10, 2008, in the village of Ebrahim Kariz, Mata Khan district of Paktika Province. US forces launched an air and ground attack upon the village allegedly targeting a "militant hideout." Residents said that dozens of civilians were killed.^[198]

• June 23, 2008 – A father and son were allegedly killed by gunfire from US-led soldiers, a governor and witnesses said. Around 200 people demonstrated in the Khogyani district of Nangarhar province.^[199]

• July 4, 2008 – 23 civilians were killed by US air strikes the district of Waygal, in the province of Nouristan.^[200]

• July 6, 2008 – 47 civilians attending a wedding (including 39 women and children and the bride) were killed by US air strikes in Dih Bala district, Nangarhar province.^[201][202]
  Main article: Deh Bala wedding party bombing

• July 14, 2008 – Officials in Nuristan province said almost 30 defenseless civilians have been reportedly killed during NATO-led International Security Assistance Forces (ISAF) airstrike in Want-Waigal district of the eastern province. ISAF denies the claim.^[203][204]

• July 15, 2008 – US Forces admit to killing eight civilians in the Bakwa district of Farah province. They bombed a number of houses from which they were receiving fire.^[205]

• July 17, 2008 – Dozens of civilians are reported killed and injured by air strikes in the Shindand district of Herat province.^[205]

• July 20, 2008 – Thirteen civilians were killed in two separate incidents: nine policemen were killed by a US air strikes in the Ana Darreh district of Farah province. In the second episode, a NATO statement said, at least four civilians were accidentally killed and four other civilians wounded in mortar strikes by the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force in the eastern province of Paktika. The deaths of an additional three people had not been confirmed, the statement said.^[206][207]

• July 26, 2008 – British troops opened fire on a vehicle that failed to stop at a checkpoint in the Sangin district of Helmand province, killing four and injuring three.^[208]

• July 27, 2008 – Canadian troops opened fire on a vehicle that came too close to a Canadian convoy in Kandahar. A two-year-old girl and her four-year-old brother were killed and the father of the two children was wounded.^[209][210]

• August 7, 2008 – US troops killed four women and a child in an exchange of fire in an area of central Ghazni province.^[211]

• August 10, 2008 – Eight hostages held by the insurgents were killed by a coalition air strike in Uruzgan province.^[212]

• August 16, 2008 – Four civilians were killed by a British rocket attack against a compound in the Sangin district of Helmand province. Three others were wounded. The casualties included women and children.^[213][214]

• August 21, 2008 – The Afghan Interior Ministry reported that U.S. coalition bombs had killed up to 95 (up from 76) civilians, including 60 children, in an airstrike on Azizabad, a village in the Shindand district of Herat province.^{[215][216][217][218]}
  Main article: Azizabad airstrike

• August 31, 2008 – Three children were killed by ISAF-fired artillery shells in the Gayan district of Paktika province. Seven other civilians were wounded.^[219]

• September 1, 2008 – A man and his two young children were killed in a night raid on his home in Kabul. His wife was injured.^[96][220]

• September 9, 2008 – At least two Afghan civilians have been killed and 10 wounded in an air strike by Nato-led forces in the eastern province of Khost, Nato officials say.^[221][222]

• September 18, 2008 – Canadian soldiers in a convoy fire at a civilian truck in Kandahar, killing one of the occupants.^[223]

• September 29, 2008 – A British soldier shot and killed a civilian on a motorbike at a checkpoint near the Forward Operating Base Inkermanin in the Sangin district of Helmand province.^[224]

• October 16, 2008 – About 18 civilians were killed by an air strike in the Nad Ali district of Helmand Province.^[225]

• November 3, 2008 – Dozens of people, including over 30 women and children, were killed by US air strikes in the village of Wech Baghtu in the district of Shah Wali Kowt, Kandahar province. The strike was called in on the village when a wedding was taking place.^{[226][227][228]} A joint Afghan-U.S. investigation found that 37 Afghan civilians were killed and 35 others wounded by the U.S. air strike.^[229]
  Main article: Wech Baghtu wedding party attack

• November 6, 2008 – At least seven civilians were killed by an air strike by ISAF forces in the Ghowrmach district of Badghis province.^[230]

• November 19, 2008 – British Soldiers from 'J' Company, 42 Commando Royal Marines fired "warning shots" at vehicle approaching convoy in Sangin, Helmand Province, Afghanistan. An Afghan child was killed.^[231]

2009

• February 12, 2009 – Australian special forces soldiers killed 5 Afghan children in an attack on a compound in the Uruzgan province of southern Afghanistan.^[20] It was decided that no charges were to be brought against two Australian soldiers who killed five afghan children.^[232]

• March 2009 – A Danish smoke grenade that hit a kitchen during the course of fighting with insurgents flung a little girl against a wall, killing her. The Afghan child's death occurred at the start of March during joint military action with British soldiers in the province of Helmand.^[233]

• April 9, 2009 – American-led military forces killed four civilians – a man, a woman, and two children – as well as an unborn baby in an overnight U.S. raid in the eastern province of Khost. The night raid killed the schoolteacher wife of Afghan National Army artillery commander Awal Khan, his 17-year-old daughter Nadia, his 15-year-old son, Aimal, and his brother, who worked for a government department. Another daughter was wounded. The pregnant wife of Khan's cousin, who lived next door, was shot five times in the abdomen, killing her nine-month-old unborn baby. "The coalition has to stop this cruelty and brutal action," a grieving Khan said. The US-led military initially said four people killed by troops were "armed militants", but later admitted that the people killed and wounded were civilians. International humanitarian organisation CARE said in a statement that the slain schoolteacher had been working at a school that it supports. "CARE strongly condemns the action and demands that international military forces operating in Afghanistan are held accountable for their actions and avoid all attacks on innocent civilians in the country."^[85][86]

• May 3, 2009 - Italian troops opened fire after a passenger car was driving at high speed and ignored warning signs in western Afghanistan, killing a 12-year-old Afghan girl and wounding three members of her family.^[234]

• May 4, 2009 – American B-1B bombers killed at least two dozen and possibly as many as 147 Afghan civilians in western Afghanistan in what has been called the Granai airstrike. Local Afghan officials in Farah province collected the names of 147 people that were killed in the airstrike.^[100] After the Afghan government's investigation, the Afghan Defense Ministry announced an official death toll of 140 villagers. A government list with the names and ages of each of the 140 killed showed that 93 of those killed were children, while only 22 were adult males.^[101] A U.S. military investigation, on the other hand, estimated that 26 civilians were killed, but also admitted in its report that they would never be able to determine precisely how many civilians were killed by the operation. The U.S. military report concluded that at least two airstrikes on buildings should not have been ordered, and called for changes in the U.S. military's rules for using airstrikes as well as retraining. The report was also critical of the military for failing to assess battle damage quickly, and called for the creation of an investigative team that can respond within two hours of a reported incident.^[235][236]
  Main article: Granai airstrike

• May 19, 2009 – In Lashkar Gah, Helmand Province, southern Afghanistan, Gurkhas mentoring police unit of the Royal Gurkha Rifles, called in British air strike after ambush from an suspected enemy position. A British Harrier II aircraft dropped a laser-guided bomb on the suspected enemy compound which turns out to be unarmed Afghan civilians. Eight Afghan civilians were killed as well as the compound being destroyed.^[237]

• September 4, 2009 – As many as 70-90 people, most of them civilians, were killed in northern Kunduz province by a U.S. airstrike called in by German ISAF troops after militants had hijacked two fuel tankers headed from Tajikistan to supply NATO forces. The hijacked tankers got stuck in the mud by Kunduz River near the village of Omar Khel. According to Taliban spokesperson Zabiullah Mujahid, the insurgents opened valves to release fuel and lighten the loads, and villagers swarmed the trucks to collect the fuel despite warnings that they might be hit by an airstrike. According to some Afghan officials, the militants encouraged local people to take advantage of the situation. Word spread quickly and about 500 people from surrounding villages flocked to the trucks. At 2:30 A.M., a U.S. F-15E Strike Eagle fighter jet dropped two 500-pound bombs on the fuel tankers, triggering a huge fireball that incinerated many of the people nearby. Video footage filmed in the morning showed piles of charred bodies lying by the river. An International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) team member and others said it was impossible to know how many people had died, with many bodies possibly having been washed away by the river. According to Afghan police, provincial officials, and doctors, most of those killed were civilians.^{[238][239][240]}
  Main article: Kunduz airstrike

Victims’ of the Narang night raid that killed at least 10 Afghan civilians, including eight schoolchildren.

• September 30, 2009 – The Dutch Defense Ministry said that two Dutch F-16 fighter planes provided air support during what was referred to as "heavy fighting" between British ground troops and the Taliban in Helmand Province. British troops on the ground gave the planes the coordinates of a house from which they were being fired upon. One Dutch F-16 then dropped one precision bomb on the house. "Afterwards it appeared that apart from the Taliban fighters, there were civilians in the house as well. The Taliban had hidden among the civilians," the ministry said. French press agency AFP quoted a local authority saying nine people died, including six children.^[241]

• December 25, 2009 – Ten Afghan civilians, including 8 students that were children, were killed by U.S.-led forces during a military operation in the Narang district of Kunar province. The governor of Kunar province said the foreign military operation was launched without the knowledge of government officials in the province. On December 31, Afghan President Hamid Karzai stated that according to the investigative commission in Kunar, the victims had been shot dead in their homes by foreign soldiers. The headmaster of the school attended by the children has stated that 7 of the children had been handcuffed prior to being shot.^[103] The Afghan president called upon ISAF to hand the soldiers that were responsible over to Afghan authorities – ISAF did not respond.^[242][243]
  Main article: Narang night raid

• December 31, 2009 – At least 8 Afghan villagers were killed by a US airstrike on a house near the provincial capital Lashkar Gah in Helmand province. Two other villagers were also injured by the airstrike.^[243]

• 2009 UN Report – A UN report issued in February 2010 said that of 346 Afghan children killed in 2009, more than half were killed by NATO forces.^[244]

2010

• February 12, 2010 – 5 Afghan civilians including two pregnant women and a teenage girl were killed when US special forces raided a house in Khataba village, outside the city of Gardez where dozens of people had gathered at the home to celebrate the naming of a newborn baby. The U.S troops tried to cover-up evidence of the botched raid and admitted only month later that they had killed the civilians.^{[245][246][247]}
  Main article: Khataba raid

• February 14, 2010 – 12 Afghan civilians were killed by NATO missiles during a major U.S.-led offensive against insurgents in southern Afghanistan. ISAF admitted responsibility for the civilian deaths, saying that two rockets missed their target and landed on a compound in the Nad Ali district of Helmand province. President Hamid Karzai ordered an investigation into the incident that occurred less than 24 hours after he had again warned foreign troops to take all precautions to protect Afghan civilians. The United Nations meanwhile estimated that 900 families from the town of Marjah were being temporarily sheltered after fleeing their homes ahead of the large-scale military offensive involving over 15,000 troops.^[248]

• February 15, 2010 – A NATO airstrike killed 5 Afghan civilians and wounded two others in Zhari district, Kandhar, about 23 km west of Kandahar city, after troops patrolling on the ground called in the airstrike. After the airstrike, the patrol "approached the site and determined the individuals had not been emplacing an IED," NATO said in a statement. U.S. Marine Maj.-Gen. Michael Regner, the chief of staff for NATO in Kabul, announced that an investigation would be undertaken "to determine how this happened."^[249]

• February 21, 2010 – 33 civilians were killed in Uruzgan province in a NATO airstrike on a convoy of vehicles. NATO initially stated that the convoy was thought to have contained Taliban insurgents,^[250] however, NATO ground troops arriving after the airstrike found a number of people dead and injured, including women and children.^[251] The Afghan governor of the province, Sultan Ali, has stated that all of the dead were civilians, and the Afghan government condemned the attack, calling it "unjustifiable" and "a major obstacle" to effective counter-terrorism efforts.^[250] The US and NATO commander in Afghanistan, General Stanley McChrystal, has apologised to Afghan president Hamid Karzai and ordered a full investigation into the incident.^[251] In May, the American military released a report blaming the civilian casualties on “inaccurate and unprofessional” reporting by Predator drone operators.^[252]
  Main article: Uruzgan helicopter attack

• April 6, 2010 – French soldiers fired Milan anti-tank missiles on insurgents as well as Afghan civilians in eastern part of Kapisa Province, Afghanistan. Four Afghan civilians were killed. The deaths occurred when both French troops and Afghan security forces came under fire from insurgents and was given the authorisation to fire since there were no civilians visible at the scene of the attack. The investigations also show that while firing missiles at insurgents, they were also Afghan civilians under a tree out of the observer's view.^[253]

• April 12, 2010 – Three men and one woman were killed with 18 others injured when NATO troops opened fire on a bus in southern Afghanistan.^[254]

• January–May 2010 – Twelve US soldiers face trial over a secret "kill team" that allegedly killed Afghan civilians at random and collected their fingers as trophies. 5 of the soldiers are charged with murdering 3 Afghan men who were allegedly killed for sport in separate attacks this year. 7 other soldiers are accused of covering up the killings as well as a violent assault on a new recruit who exposed the murders when he reported other abuses, including members of the unit smoking hashish stolen from civilians. The Army Times reported that a least one of the soldiers collected the fingers of the victims as souvenirs and that some of them posed for photographs with the bodies. The Guardian newspaper has described the event as "one of the most serious accusations of war crimes to emerge from the Afghan conflict...".^[255] Calvin Gibbs, Jeremy Morlock, Andrew Holmes, Michael Wagnon, and Adam Winfield were first charged with murder in June. In August, the additional charge of conspiracy to commit premeditated murder was added, and seven others were charged with conspiracy or attempting to cover it up.^[256] The alleged victims include Gul Mudin, killed sometime in January; Marach Agha, around February 22; and Mullah Adahdad, who died around May 2.^[257]
  Main article: FOB Ramrod kill team

• July 23, 2010 – The Sangin airstrike killed a large number of Afghan civilians many of whom were women and children, in the village of Sangin in Nangarhar province. The Afghani government concluded that 39 civilians were killed.^[258]

• August 23, 2010 – 8 Afghan civilians were killed and 12 others injured when NATO-led forces raided a residential house in Tala wa Barfak District, Baghlan Province, Afghanistan. 9 civilians were also taken prisoner.^[259][260]

• October 2010 – The ICRC reports that the number of War casualties in a Kandahar hospital are "hitting record highs". Mirwais Regional Hospital had nearly 1,000 new patients with weapon-related injuries in August and September, what was double the figure a year earlier.^[261] Reto Stocker, the Red Cross chief in Kabul, said the casualties being seen at Mirwais hospital were only "the tip of the iceberg".^[262] At the same time Georgette Gagnon, Director of Human Rights for United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) announced that casualties inflicted on ordinary people in northern Afghanistan over the past six months this year has doubled compared to the same period last year.^[263][264]

• October 17, 2010 – U.S. soldier Pfc. David Lawrence walked into Mohebullah prison cell and shot a captured Taliban leader Mullah Mohebullah in the face, killing him. On 25 May 2011, Lawrence was sentenced for premeditated murder of Mullah Mohebullah.^[265]

• November 11, 2010 – An American soldier shot and killed a Afghan National Police officer in Kandahar, southern Afghanistan.^[266]

• UN Summary of 2010 – According to United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Valerie Amos, Briefing to the Security Council on Protection of Civilians, New York, 10 May 2011, "[m]ilitary operations by pro-Government forces [in Afghanistan] accounted for some 800 civilian casualties." ^[267]

2011

• February 2011 – A probe by Afghan government investigators concluded that 65 civilians, including 50 women and children, were killed in a Nato operation in Kunar province. Nato disputed the claim but Obama apologized for the incident.^{[87][88][268]}

• February 20, 2011 – A NATO airstrike killed an Afghan family of six in Khogyani, a district in the eastern province of Nangarhar.^[269]

• March 1, 2011 – U.S. helicopter gunners killed nine Afghan boys ages 7–13 who were collecting firewood. A tenth boy was injured in the attack.^[87][270]

• March 9, 2011 – German troops opened fire on civilian houses after they were abused by gun fire, killing a civilian women and injuring another one in Chahar Dara District of Kunduz Province, northern Afghanistan.^[271]

• March 9, 2011 – U.S. special forces killed President's Hamid Karzai cousin Haji Yar Mohammad during a joint NATO and Afghan forces night raid in Kandahar, Afghanistan.^[272][273]

• March 15, 2011 – Two Afghan brothers, aged 13 and 17, were killed by NATO helicopters while working on road and field drainage. The ground force commander and the air crew were suspended pending an investigation.^[274][275]

• March 24, 2011 – Two civilians, including a child, were killed by a NATO helicopter gunship in the Tere Zayi district of the northern province of Khost. The attack targeted a Haqqani network leader that was travelling in a vehicle. The two victims were nearby pedestrians.^[276]

• March 25, 2011 – A RAF Reaper drone remotely controlled from a US Airforce base in Nevada killed four civilians - two women and two children - as well as injuring two others in Naw Zad district of Helmand Province.^[277][278]

• March 27, 2011 – Australian troops were accused by Afghanistan's Independent Human Rights Commission of killing a civilian mullah and an infant aged 23 months near the village of Sah Zafar. Australian authorities claimed the adult was an insurgent.^[279]

• March 31, 2011 – NATO troops opened fire after a car with brake failure sped towards a checkpoint, killing two civilians and injuring four others.^[280]

• April 5, 2011 – NATO-led forces killed six civilians in a night operation in northern Afghanistan.^[281]

• April 6, 2011 – British troops accidentally killed two Afghan women in a car accident and shot dead a civilian man when an angry crowd attempted to prevent them from leaving.^[282]

• April 19, 2011 – A NATO airstrike killed three Afghan civilians as well as 14 insurgents in Dangam district of Kunar province, eastern Afghanistan. District governor Hamish Gulab said the civilians were two women and a child who died when a NATO missile hit a gathering of insurgents in a house.^[283]

• May 3, 2011 – NATO special forces raided a house which killed one Afghan woman and wounded three men, three women, and four children as well as six Taliban militants killed in night operation in Zurmat District of Paktia Province, Afghanistan.^[284]

• May 11, 2011 – NATO troops killed a 12 year old girl along with her uncle when they accidentally raided the wrong house outside Jalalabad.^[285]

• May 14, 2011 – NATO apologized for the killing of a 15 year old boy in western Nangahar Province in the Hesarek District.^[286]

• May 16, 2011 – Fazlullah Wahidi, governor of Kunar, said a group of girls collecting firewood near an insurgent hideout were struck by artillery fired by ISAF troops. A 10-year-old girl was killed and four others were wounded.^[287]

• May 18, 2011 – Four persons (two female) were killed by NATO forces in Takhar Province. NATO said the four were insurgents but local officials insisted they were civilians. “It was a wrong operation based on wrong intelligence information,” said Shah Jahan Noori, the police chief of Takhar Province. At least a dozen additional people were killed as protesters later fought with police on the streets of Taliqan, the capital of Takhar Province.^[288]

• May 23, 2011 – A civilian was killed in Musa Qal’ah district, Helmand Province, when both Afghan and coalition forces mistook the flashlight a man was carrying for a weapon.^[289]

• May 25, 2011 – A Norwegian soldier accidentally fired a grenade into a police building in Faryab Province, killing one civilian and wounding another.^[290]

• May 26, 2011 – In Maidan Wardak Province, in the Lala Khel area, three civilian farm workers were killed by NATO troops, according to the provincial governor's spokesman.^[291]

• May 27, 2011 – A NATO bombing in Nuristan Province has reportedly killed numerous Taliban, Afghan policemen, and civilians. Bakhtar News Agency reported a total of 75 people were killed, in a story dated May 27.^[292] The news agency is the official state news agency of the Afghan government, based in Kabul. But a later report by Pajhwok News (May 28) put the death figure at 120. "Twenty-two policemen, 20 civilians and 70 Taliban fighters were among the dead, Governor Jamaluddin Badr told Pajhwok Afghan News, quoting a probe into the incidents."^[293] NATO denies any civilians were killed. Government officials were dispatching personnel to make a report on the bombing.

• May 28, 2011 – A NATO helicopter airstrike hit two homes killing 14 civilians (two women, five girls and seven boys) in Nawzad district. The helicopter was responding to an attack on a US Marine base.^{[294][295][296][297]}

• June 20, 2011 – US troops killed one civilian during a night raid on a residential area in Kunduz Province, northern Afghanistan.^[298]

• June 22, 2011 – An Afghan official said five Afghan civilians were killed by NATO troops during an overnight raid in the southern province of Helmand. Elsewhere, NATO troops also killed two Afghan farmers and injuring two others, including a child, in a southern province of Laqman.^[299]

• July 5, 2011 – Between 11 and 13 civilians were killed by a NATO airstrike in the province of Khost.^[300]

• July 6, 2011 – Hundreds of Afghans protested the deaths of two shepherds they say were killed in a NATO air strike. Residents of Khogyani took two bodies to nearby Ghazni City, the provincial capital of Ghazni, southwest of Kabul, where they shouted slogans like "death to foreign troops."^[301]

• July 11, 2011 – Afghan government officials said ISAF airstrikes killed between 9 and 16 people in the Azra district of Logar Province. An Azra lawmaker said that four of those killed were Taliban militants and the rest were civilians.^[302]

• July 12, 2011 – Four Afghan civilians were killed in a foreign air strike while fixing a water pump in Asmar district of northeastern Kunar province, Kunar governor Fazlullah Wahidi said.^[303]

• July 14, 2011 – NATO troops killed six civilians in a night raid of the village of Toora Worai in an area known as Matoon, about seven kilometres from the provincial capital of Khost city. One of the victims was a 11-year-old girl.^[304][305]

• July 17, 2011 - Afghani officials claimed that a drone bombing killed three civilians in Logar Province, and injured others, including children. The attack was confirmed by the deputy provincial police chief.^[306]

• July 18, 2011 - Two school employees were killed in a NATO bombing raid in eastern Nangarhar province.^[307]

• July 21, 2011 - A resident of Wardak Province claimed the ISAF killed three family members of a local cleric. ISAF troops were known to be conducting operations in the area.^[308]

• July 21, 2011 - NATO troops killed a female maternity doctor along with two family members in the Syedabad district of central Wardak province, the Ghazni Civil Hospital director said. Col. Zarawar Zahid, Ghazni police chief, denounced the incident as shocking. Shahidullah Shahid, the governor’s spokesman, also condemned the killing of Dr. Hekmat and her relatives.^[309] ISAF apologized and awarded the family doctor's family $33,000 and three sheep in compensation.^[310]

• July 26, 2011 - ISAF forces killed three civilians in eastern Kunar Province. Two were high school students gathering firewood.^[311]

• July 27, 2011 - French troops killed three civilians, including a woman and a child, and wounded four others, in the Nijrab district of eastern Kapisa province when they fired on a car that did not stop as it approached. Also, one child was killed when Afghani police carried out a "controlled" detonation of explosives inside Kandahar city.^[312][313]

• July 28, 2011 - After an investigation into whether Ahmed Omed Khpulwak, an Afghan journalist working as a BBC stringer, was killed by ISAF fire, the ISAF said Khpulwak was mistakenly killed by an ISAF soldier who believed he was an insurgent.^[314][315]

• July 31, 2011 - ISAF command admitted killing an unarmed civilian in Dowlat District, Laghman Province.^[316]

• August 5, 2011 - Zabul Province police chief Mohammad Nabi Elhaam said angry residents took to the streets after they said three Afghan civilians had been killed during a night raid by ISAF troops. An additional four people were killed during the protests as Afghan police fired into a crowd. ISAF said it had no report of civilian casualties during its opertation.^[317]

• August 6, 2011 - Afghan police said 8 civilians were killed in Helmand Province by ISAF troops. "The victims of Friday's air strike in Helmand were members of a family that had fled fighting in neighbouring Uruzgan province, police said." A women and six children are among the dead.^[318][319] A later account said nine civilians died. Seven of the dead were children from the same family; the mother survived the attack.^[320]

• August 26. 2011 - Six Afghani civilians (all members of the same family) were killed in an ISAF air strike in the Baraki Barak district of Logar province, according to a local official. Four insurgents and three Afghan army members were also killed.^[321]

• August 27, 2011 - Two civilians were killed in Maidan Wardak Province. The incident took place in the Pombai area of Chak district. Locals protested, blocking the Kabul-Kandahar highway.^[322][323]

• September 2, 2011 - ISAF forces killed an Afghani citizen, Sabar Lal, in a night raid. A former prisoner at Guantanamo, there are separate opinions as to whether he was aiding insurgents or was merely a businessman. Also in dispute is the manner of his death, with some questioning why a well known business figure would have to be captured in a clandestine raid and then killed. The New York Times story said: "NATO said in a statement that Mr. Lal was killed after he ran out of the home wielding an assault rifle as they tried to arrest him. But a night watchman named Rahmatullah *** said he was at the residence the night of the raid and gave a different account. He said coalition forces stormed the compound, handcuffed and blindfolded Mr. Lal and his other guests, then took Mr. Lal out to a veranda. About 20 minutes later, Mr. Rahmatullah said, 'we heard gunshots.'” ^[324]

• September 3, 2011 - ISAF forces killed a female civilian in Balkh Province.^[325]

• September 26, 2011 - Provincial Afghan official Inayatullah Mazhabyar claimed that 19 civilians were killed after a joint Afghan army/ISAF operation in Nuristan Province. Provincial police chief Brig. Gen. Shamsur Rahman Nuristani said that six members of a family were killed in an ISAF airstrike. However, Afghan army officials denied any civilians were killed.^[326]

• October 6, 2011 - During a raid by ISAF forces that killed Taliban commander Maskin in Kapisa Province, his 7-year old daughter also was killed. Two other family members were injured. ^[327]

• October 9, 2011 - According to a tribal elder, ISAF forces killed a farmer in Spin Ghar district.^[328]

• October 15, 2011 - A spokesman for the provincial governor of Kunar Province said an ISAF rocket shell hit a house in Asmar district, killing four civilians, and injuring six others. However, an Afghan National Army officer said it was not clear whose rocket shell had hit the house.^[329]

• October 16, 2011 - ISAF troops killed three people in a night raid in the Chak district of Maidan Wardak Province. According to relatives, they were all schoolteachers, and all related to a former senator. ISAF stated that three individuals in the house had pointed weapons at ISAF troops on the ground and that they recovered three AK-47 rifles, ammunition pouches, and a grenade after the battle. They had been searching for a Haqqani network leader.^[330]

• October 31, 2011 - An Australian soldier reportedly killed a recently married 21 year old Afghan civilian in the city of Tarin Kowt. ^[331]

Cover ups of civilian casualties

Two pregnant women, a teenage girl, a police officer and his brother were killed on February 12, 2010, when US and Afghan special forces stormed their home in Khataba village, outside Gardez in eastern Afghanistan. NATO had initially claimed that the women had been dead for several hours when the assault force discovered their bodies, but later admitted responsibility for all the deaths. The Times reported that "US special forces soldiers dug bullets out of their victims’ bodies in the bloody aftermath of a botched night raid, then washed the wounds with alcohol before lying to their superiors about what happened, Afghan investigators have told The Times."^[332][333]

Major casualties caused by insurgent actions

See also

• British forces casualties in Afghanistan
• Bagram torture and prisoner abuse
• Canadian Forces casualties in Afghanistan
• Canadian Afghan detainee abuse scandal
• Coalition casualties in Afghanistan
• Criticism of the War on Terrorism
• Casualties of the Iraq War
• International public opinion on the war in Afghanistan
• Protests against the invasion of Afghanistan
• Chenagai airstrike
• Azizabad airstrike
• Granai Incident
• Kunduz airstrike

References

1. ^ US admits lethal blunders
2. ^ Afghanistan: Civilian Deaths From Airstrikes
3. ^ "Karzai anger over civilian deaths" BBC News, 2007-05-02. Accessed 2007-05-02.
4. ^ "Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties?"
5. ^ "Strange Victory: A critical appraisal of Operation Enduring Freedom and the Afghanistan war"
6. ^ 'The Americans . . . They Just Drop Their Bombs and Leave'
7. ^ Forgotten victims
8. ^ Dossier on Civilian Victims of United States' Aerial Bombing
9. ^ ^{a b c} The Matrix of Death: (Im)Precision of U.S Bombing and the (Under)Valuation of an Afghan Life
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Human Rights Watch - Airstrikes and Civilian Deaths in Afghanistan
11. ^ ^{a b} Human Rights Watch - US and NATO Bombing and Civilian Deaths
12. ^ ^{a b} More than 1,000 Afghan civilians killed in 2006
13. ^ ^{a b c d} Canadian soldier killed in Afghan blast
14. ^ ^{a b} Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2008 p. 13 graph 2.
15. ^ ^{a b c} 2,100 civilians killed in Afghanistan in 2008: UN – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
16. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} AFGHANISTAN: UNAMA raps new report by rights watchdog
17. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2008
18. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Number of Afghan civilian deaths in 2008 highest since Taliban ouster, says UN
19. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Afghan unrest killed 4,000 civilians in 2008: report
20. ^ ^{a b c} Nicholson, Brendan (February 14, 2009). "Australian troops kill 5 Afghan children". Melbourne: The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/world/australian-troops-kill-5-afghan-children-20090213-874z.html. Retrieved 2010-09-27. 
21. ^ What do Obama’s First 100 Days Mean to Common Afghans?
22. ^ ^{a b} Afghan Civilian Casualties May Surge as Well
23. ^ ^{a b c d} ’09 Deadliest Year for Afghans, U.N. Says
24. ^ ^{a b c d e f} UNAMA - Afghanistan, Annual report on protection of civilians in armed conflict, 2009
25. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} U.N.: 2010 deadliest year for Afghan civilians
26. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Afghanistan Annual Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2010
27. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Afghanistan Midyear Report on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2011
28. ^ Note: totals are expressed in ranges. The lower figure is the aggregate of minimum estimates in the column above. The upper figure is the aggregate of maximum estimates in the column above. These ranges therefore reflect the numbers of people who may have been killed in the war, based on published estimates. They should be relied upon as a very rough guide only. Because the published estimates generally rely on confirmed figures, the aggregate ranges are likely to be conservative. Therefore, the ranges are accompanied by the text "at least".
29. ^ The FP Memo: Operation Comeback – By Joshua Muravchik | Foreign Policy
30. ^ The Prof Who Can't Count Straight | The Weekly Standard
31. ^ Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties – Project on Defense Alternatives
32. ^ Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties – Project on Defense Alternatives
33. ^ Los Angeles Times: 'The Americans . . . They Just Drop Their Bombs and Leave'
34. ^ Forgotten victims | World news | The Guardian
35. ^ America's War on Afghanistan
36. ^ Afghanistan News February 7, 2006
37. ^ Afghanistan's new jihad targets poppy production | csmonitor.com
38. ^ "2,000 killed in Afghanistan since Sept. – Boston.com". http://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2006/12/13/2000_killed_in_afghanistan_since_sept/. ^{[dead link]}
39. ^ Rise in Afghan deaths reported – Afghanistan – MSNBC.com
40. ^ People's Daily Online – 1 NATO soldier killed, 7 wounded in Afghanistan
41. ^ AFGHANISTAN: Families of killed police lack support
42. ^ U.S. casualties in Afghanistan hit record – Army Times
43. ^ Afghanistan Conflict Monitor:
44. ^ iCasualties | Operation Enduring Freedom
45. ^ ^{a b} Civilian dead are a trade-off in Nato's war of barbarity
46. ^ Counting the casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan
47. ^ ^{a b} Afghanistan expects bloody 2009
48. ^ ^{a b} Over 1,000 civilians killed in Afghan fighting last year: NATO
49. ^ 1000 civilians killed in Afghanistan^{[dead link]}
50. ^ 3,200 Afghan civilians killed by NATO, US action since 2005: study
51. ^ July 31, 2009 UNAMA Human Rights – Afghanistan – Mid-Year Bulletin on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 2009
52. ^ August deadliest month of 2009 for Afghan civilians, UN says
53. ^ U.S. general says system for avoiding civilian casualties in Afghanistan is 'good' and 'working'
54. ^ ^{a b} Civilian killings threaten Afghanistan's future^{[dead link]}
55. ^ Afghanistan: Five Years Later
56. ^ Afghanistan spiralling back to days of Taliban, say charities
57. ^ ^{a b} Afghan leader sends demands to U.S. on troop conduct
58. ^ ^{a b} Losing Afghanistan, One Civilian at a Time
59. ^ ^{a b} Few clues at Afghan bombsite – Villagers showed investigators shrapnel and wounds
60. ^ ^{a b} Unprecedented Afghan Protest Denounces U.S. Killing of Civilians
61. ^ ^{a b} Karzai faces major challenge after death of bridge builder
62. ^ ^{a b} Heavy Pressures On a Fragile Peace
63. ^ President Karzai Concerned About Civilian Casualties In Operations by Coalition Forces^{[dead link]}
64. ^ Karzai Warns Heavy-handed US Troops as Riots Spread
65. ^ Attack Source of Militancy, Karzai Urges U.S. Coalition
66. ^ ^{a b} Karzai Asks U.S.-Led Coalition To Change Strategy Against Terrorism
67. ^ ^{a b} U.S. Troops Fire on Crowd in Kabul After Crash, Riots
68. ^ Tearful Karzai says Afghan children are dying from terrorism and NATO bombs
69. ^ 'Our children are dying'^{[dead link]}
70. ^ AFGHANISTAN: Some 1,600 displaced after US air raids^{[dead link]}
71. ^ ^{a b c d} Afghans Say U.S. Bombing Killed 42 Civilians
72. ^ ^{a b} Mounting civilian casualties harming coalition stand in Afghanistan
73. ^ President Hamid Karzai Discusses Avoiding Civilian Casualties^{[dead link]}
74. ^ ^{a b} Karzai To NATO: "Afghan Life Not Cheap"
75. ^ ^{a b} Nato confirms shooting of Afghans
76. ^ Karzai Decries Civilian Deaths
77. ^ US-led forces careless in killing civilians: Karzai
78. ^ Karzai To Bush: ‘Roll Back’ The Use Of Airstrikes In Afghanistan
79. ^ ^{a b} Afghans protest in Kabul over civilian deaths
80. ^ ^{a b} Afghans protest after civilian death claims
81. ^ Karzai scolds U.S., allies for killing of civilians^{[dead link]}
82. ^ Hamid Karzai's address to the United Nations General Assembly, September 24, 2008^{[dead link]}
83. ^ ^{a b} Karzai 'demands' Obama end civilian deaths after latest incident
84. ^ Afghan president sends demands to U.S. on troop conduct
85. ^ ^{a b} Anger after Afghan family killed in US raid
86. ^ ^{a b} Afghan leader slams deadly US-led raid
87. ^ ^{a b c} http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/03/06/2100966/karzai-rejects-us-apology-for.html
88. ^ ^{a b} Gall, Carlotta (March 8, 2011). "Petraeus Sees Military Progress in Afghanistan". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/09/world/asia/09petraeus.html?partner=rss&emc=rss. 
89. ^ Nissenbaum, Dion (March 7, 2011). "Karzai Calls Apology for Children's Deaths 'Not Enough'". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703362804576184713506188074.html. 
90. ^ http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/Karzai+issues+final+warning+civilians+killed+NATO+raid/4860532/story.html#ixzz1NvNZ99vC
91. ^ "Afghanistan: Hamid Karzai warns Nato on attacks". BBC News. May 31, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13599766. 
92. ^ Deaths as riots sweep Kabul^{[dead link]}
93. ^ Thousands stage anti-US protest in Afghan west
94. ^ 'Death to Canada,' some Afghan protesters chant
95. ^ Video: Afghans protest civilian deaths (ABC News)
96. ^ ^{a b} Afghans protest against continuous civilian death by International troops
97. ^ Nato airstrike blamed for deaths of 18 civilians in Afghanistan
98. ^ Bomb kills Canadian soldier on ‘very bloody day'^{[dead link]}
99. ^ Karzai offers to rule months beyond his term^{[dead link]}
100. ^ ^{a b} Afghans riot over air-strike atrocity
101. ^ ^{a b} U.S. strikes killed 140 villagers: Afghan probe
102. ^ 4 anti-Nato Afghan protesters shot dead
103. ^ ^{a b} Western Troops Accused of Executing 10 Afghan Civilians, Including Children
104. ^ Afghans protest over alleged civilian deaths
105. ^ NATO killing of Afghan cleric stirs protest
106. ^ More than 1,000 Afghans protest Taliban killings
107. ^ "UN workers killed by bombing". BBC. 2001, October 23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi//1597509.stm. ^{[dead link]}
108. ^ Haberman, Clyde (2001, October 9). "A Scaling Back, Anger in the Streets and American Determination". The New York Times. p. Page B1. 
109. ^ Afghanistan: U.S. Bombs Kill Twenty-three Civilians
110. ^ ^{a b c d e} More Afghan children die in raids
111. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Afghanistan: U.S. Military Should Investigate Civilian Deaths
112. ^ Bloody evidence of US blunder
113. ^ Eyewitness: Villager describes attack
114. ^ ^{a b c d} Civilians reported killed by airstrikes as NATO hunts Taliban.
115. ^ Pentagon team to examine bomb error
116. ^ 17 Afghan villagers 'killed in American bombing raids'
117. ^ Afghanistan Report 25 September 2003
118. ^ The Massacre at Aranas on the Waygal River, Nuristan Province
119. ^ US denies Afghan civilians killed
120. ^ CNN News; "Afghans understand deaths – U.S." December 7, 2003. Retrieved 16 July 2006.^{[dead link]}
121. ^ 11 Civilians Reported Killed In a U.S. Raid In Afghanistan
122. ^ United States Department of Defense^{[dead link]}
123. ^ US military reprisal in Afghanistan kills 17 civilians
124. ^ 'Zawahiri' strike sparks protest
125. ^ Canadian soldiers fatally shoot taxi driver
126. ^ Coalition Air Strike Kills 80 Taliban Rebels in Afghanistan
127. ^ [1]
128. ^ National Post
129. ^ Probe clears Canadians in Afghan police death
130. ^ NATO Bombs Kill Scores of Afghan Civilians: Officials
131. ^ UK troops kill Afghan civilians
132. ^ Afghan accidentally killed by Canadian troops
133. ^ NATO Occupation Forces Kill Afghan Civilians, Police Say
134. ^ NATO troops kill Afghan civilian accidentally
135. ^ CNEWS^{[dead link]}
136. ^ Canadian troops kill unarmed Afghan civilian
137. ^ Canadian troops kill Afghan civilian, officer
138. ^ Canadian troops kill another Afghan civilian
139. ^ Civilians killed after attack on U.S. convoy in Afghanistan
140. ^ U.S. Military Opens Inquiry Into Whether Marines Killed 10 Afghans After Attack on Convoy
141. ^ Ann Scott Tyson and Josh White (2007-04-14). "Excessive Force By Marines Alleged". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/13/AR2007041302171.html?hpid=topnews. 
142. ^ Nato strike kills Afghan civilians
143. ^ Afghans killed 'in new US attack'
144. ^ US denies Afghan police deaths
145. ^ Afghans and U.S. Trade Charges in Death of 5 Police Officers
146. ^ “Troops in Contact” . Human Rights Watch, 8 September 2008
147. ^ Afghan civilians killed in ‘car bomb' raid^{[dead link]}
148. ^ Afghans protest after deadly raid – Central & South Asia – Al Jazeera English
149. ^ Afghans protest against US killings – Central & South Asia – Al Jazeera English
150. ^ 21 civilians said killed by Afghan air strike
151. ^ Air raid 'kills Afghan civilians'
152. ^ Afghan air raid kills civilians
153. ^ 'The people who bombed us are bad guys'^{[dead link]}
154. ^ Military confirms civilian casualties in Afghan battle^{[dead link]}
155. ^ ABC News^{[dead link]}
156. ^ 'Afghan civilians' killed by Nato
157. ^ US strike 'kills Afghan police'
158. ^ Children die in Afghan air raid
159. ^ Attack that killed kids targeted al-Qaida leader
160. ^ 'Air strike' kills 30 in Pakistan
161. ^ Waziristan blast casualties rise
162. ^ NATO rules avoid Afghan civilian deaths – general^{[dead link]}
163. ^ http://newsfeedresearcher.com/data/articles_w25/idw2007.06.19.14.15.30.html#hdng0^{[dead link]}
164. ^ Afghan police say 25 civilians killed in air strike
165. ^ 'Afghans killed' in air strikes
166. ^ Four killed in anti-Taleban raid
167. ^ U.S. Account of Afghan Deaths at Odds With Head of Rights Group
168. ^ US probes Afghan civilian deaths
169. ^ Many Afghans killed in air strike – Central & South Asia – Al Jazeera English
170. ^ 'Up to 80 civilians dead' after US air strikes in Afghanistan
171. ^ Karzai probe into 'civilian air strike deaths'
172. ^ Nato raids 'killed 35 Afghans'
173. ^ http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/reuters/070707/world/international_afghan_violence_dc^{[dead link]}
174. ^ Afghans 'wounded in air strike'
175. ^ U.S. Airstrike on 2 Taliban Commanders in South Wounds at Least 18 Civilians, Afghans Say
176. ^ Afghan civilians killed in air strike
177. ^ US strike on Taliban heightens tension as Afghan leader heads for Camp David
178. ^ 'Civilians dead' in Nato air raids
179. ^ Radio Canada
180. ^ Up to 300 Afghan civilians wounded in NATO air strike: report
181. ^ Afghan civilian dead in accident with Canadian convoy^{[dead link]}
182. ^ Une autre bavure de l'OTAN
183. ^ US soldiers accidentally shoot policemen
184. ^ Canadians kill Afghan civilian, wound child^{[dead link]}
185. ^ Yahoo! Search – Web Search
186. ^ Another British killing in Kabul causes trouble
187. ^ Canadian troops involved in Afghan shooting death
188. ^ Afghan officials say coalition air strikes killed road workers
189. ^ Afghan police 'killed by US forces' – Central & South Asia – Al Jazeera English
190. ^ US-led raid 'kills Afghan police'
191. ^ Enquête sur une fusillade entre soldats canadiens et civils afghans
192. ^ http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/War_Terror/2008/01/30/4802366-cp.html^{[dead link]}
193. ^ Swiss bank UBS trims much-mocked employee dress code | Macleans.ca – World – wire – USA
194. ^ Ambush British airstrike kills Afghan civilians
195. ^ Women and children killed in Afghanistan by British air strike
196. ^ Pakistan protests at US shelling
197. ^ Six civilians killed during US raid in Afghanistan
198. ^ At least 30 Afghan Civilians Killed by US Forces
199. ^ Afghans protest alleged civilian casualties by US forces
200. ^ Afghan official says US-led air raid kills 22 civilians
201. ^ US 'killed 47 Afghan civilians'
202. ^ "Afghan survivors tell of wedding bombing". BBC News. July 13, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7504574.stm. 
203. ^ 30 civilians killed in Nuristan: officials
204. ^ ISAF News Release #2008-322 – ISAF rejects NURESTAN / KUNAR civilian casualty claim
205. ^ ^{a b} Doubts over US Afghan operation
206. ^ U.S. and NATO forces kill 13 Afghans in strikes said to be mistakes
207. ^ U.S.-led troops mistakenly kill Afghan police, civilians
208. ^ UK troops kill Afghan civilians
209. ^ Canadian troops kill 2 children after car nears convoy
210. ^ 2 children killed by Canadian troops in Afghanistan^{[dead link]}
211. ^ Civilian deaths in Afghan battle
212. ^ Kabul suicide bombing caps bloody weekend in Afghanistan
213. ^ Nato attack kills Afghan civilians – Central & South Asia – Al Jazeera English
214. ^ UK troops kill Afghan civilians
215. ^ Kabul says 76 civilians killed in coalition attack
216. ^ Afghanistan criticises US attack
217. ^ Afghan Leader Assails Airstrike He Says Killed 95
218. ^ Afghans urge coalition military changes
219. ^ Afghan children die in Nato raid
220. ^ Afghan family killed in house raid
221. ^ Nato raid kills Afghan civilians
222. ^ 2 killed, 10 injured in Afghanistan by errant NATO bomb
223. ^ Man dies after Canadian troops fire on Afghan civilian truck
224. ^ UK soldier shoots Afghan civilian
225. ^ Afghan strike 'kills civilians'
226. ^ Air strikes kill dozens of wedding guests
227. ^ Air raids 'kill Afghan women'
228. ^ 'Many dead' in Afghan air strike
229. ^ Air strike killed 37 Afghan civilians
230. ^ Air raid 'kills Afghan civilians'
231. ^ British commandos kill a child
232. ^ "Charges dropped against Australian soldiers over Afghan civilian killings". ABC News. 26 May 2011. http://www.wsws.org/articles/2011/may2011/afgh-m26.shtml. Retrieved 26 May 2011. 
233. ^ Afghan child victim of military action
234. ^ Italian troops kill Afghan girl, 12 - family
235. ^ U.S. report on Afghan civilian deaths urges caution
236. ^ US Acknowledges Role in Afghan Civilian Deaths
237. ^ British Harrier strike kills eight civilians
238. ^ NATO airstrike kills dozens in Afghanistan
239. ^ After Afghan strike, charred flesh and burning rage
240. ^ NATO airstrike in Afghanistan kills up to 90^{[dead link]}
241. ^ Civilians Killed in Dutch Air Raid
242. ^ Afghan official: 10 civilians killed in coalition operation
243. ^ ^{a b} Civilians Again Killed in NATO Airstrike in Afghanistan
244. ^ http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2010/02/24/un-346-afghan-children-killed-in-2009-more-than-half-by-nato.html
245. ^ After denials, US admits Feb. killing of Afghan women | Pakistan | News | Newspaper | Daily | English | Online
246. ^ US special forces 'tried to cover-up' botched Khataba raid in Afghanistan
247. ^ Oppel Jr, Richard A. (April 5, 2010). "Afghan Investigators Say U.S. Troops Tried to Cover Up Evidence in Botched Raid". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/06/world/asia/06afghan.html. 
248. ^ 12 Afghan civilians killed by NATO missiles
249. ^ Second group of Afghan civilians killed in NATO push^{[dead link]}
250. ^ ^{a b} Nato strike kills a number of Afghan civilians
251. ^ ^{a b} Air strike kills Afghan civilians
252. ^ Operators of Drones Are Faulted in Afghan Deaths, NYT. May 29, 2010
253. ^ French army claims responsibility for four civilian deaths in Afghanistan
254. ^ NATO troops kill four Afghan civilians in bus
255. ^ McGreal, Chris (September 9, 2010). "US soldiers 'killed Afghan civilians for sport and collected fingers as trophies'". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/09/us-soldiers-afghan-civilians-fingers. 
256. ^ "Army: Soldiers plotted to kill Afghan civilians". Associated Press. August 27, 2010. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/08/ap-plot-to-kill-afghans-082510/. 
257. ^ "Soldiers charged with killing Afghan civilians". Associated Press. June 17, 2010. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/06/ap_civs_killed_061610/. 
258. ^ http://www.rttnews.com/Content/GeneralNews.aspx?Node=B1&Id=1384558
259. ^ 8 Afghan Civilians Killed in NATO Operations
260. ^ Afghans Say NATO Troops Killed 8 Civilians in Raid
261. ^ ICRC: Kandahar casualties reflect worsening security « RAWA News
262. ^ Beaumont, Peter (October 13, 2010). "Afghan civilian war injuries double in Kandahar conflict". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/oct/13/afghanistan-taliban. 
263. ^ Civilian casualties doubled in north: UN « RAWA News
264. ^ Afghans say Nato “as bad as the Taliban” « RAWA News
265. ^ Vaughan, Kevin (May 26, 2011). "Soldier pleads guilty to killing jailed Taliban commander". Denver Post. http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_18142186. 
266. ^ US soldier kills Afghan policeman
267. ^ http://reliefweb.int/node/400939
268. ^ "Afghan probe says Nato killed dozens of Kunar civilians". BBC News. February 25, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12575394. 
269. ^ http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/southasia/news/article_1620797.php/NATO-airstrike-kills-six-civilians-Afghan-official-says
270. ^ Rubin, Alissa J.; Rahimi, Sangar (March 2, 2011). "Nine Afghan Boys Killed by NATO Helicopters". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/world/asia/03afghan.html. 
271. ^ Afghan police say woman killed by German troops
272. ^ Rubin, Alissa J.; Risen, James (March 10, 2011). "Cousin of Afghan President Karzai Is Killed in NATO Raid". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/world/asia/11karzai.html. 
273. ^ http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/southasia/news/article_1624974.php/US-forces-mistakenly-kill-Afghan-president-s-cousin
274. ^ The Globe and Mail (Toronto). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/asia-pacific/nato-to-probe-killing-of-two-afghan-teens/article1944087/. 
275. ^ http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/isaf-launches-investigation-into-potential-civilian-casualties-in-kunar.html
276. ^ Moore, Solomon (March 24, 2011). "NATO air strike kills 2 Afghan civilians". The Globe and Mail (Toronto). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/asia-pacific/nato-air-strike-kills-2-afghan-civilians/article1954517/. 
277. ^ Afghanistan: Nato air strike kills civilians in Helmand
278. ^ "RAF drone kills four Afghan civilians". The Daily Telegraph (London). July 5, 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/8619401/RAF-drone-kills-four-Afghan-civilians.html. 
279. ^ http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2011/s3208168.htm
280. ^ Foreign troops kill Afghan civilians in Kandahar
281. ^ http://www.rferl.org/content/afghanistan_nato_civilian_deaths/3547844.html
282. ^ "British soldiers in Afghanistan 'kill three civilians'". The Guardian (London). April 6, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/06/british-soldiers-afghanistan-kill-civilians%20British%20soldiers%20in%20Afghanistan%20'kill%20three%20civilians. 
283. ^ Three Afghan civilians die in Nato air strike
284. ^ One civilian, six Taliban killed in NATO night raid in Afghanistan
285. ^ Rubin, Alissa J. (May 12, 2011). "NATO Raid Kills Afghan Girl, 12". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/13/world/asia/13afghan.html?_r=1. 
286. ^ Sahak, Sharifullah; Rubin, Alissa J. (May 14, 2011). "Afghan Boy Is Killed in NATO Raid". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/world/asia/15afghan.html?_r=3. 
287. ^ "Afghan governor says NATO troops killed child". Reuters. May 16, 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/16/us-afghanistan-civilian-deaths-idUSTRE74F31G20110516. 
288. ^ Rivera, Ray; Rahimi, Sangar (May 18, 2011). "Afghan Protesters Clash With Police After NATO Raid". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/19/world/asia/19afghanistan.html. 
289. ^ http://www.isaf.nato.int/article/isaf-releases/isaf-joint-command-morning-operational-update-may-24-2011.html
290. ^ Norwegian soldier accidentally kills an Afghan
291. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/05/26/foreign-troops-kill-civilians-maidan-wardak
292. ^ http://bakhtarnews.com.af/en/index.php?news=5332
293. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/05/28/112-killed-nuristan-airstrike-governor
294. ^ 'Nato Airstrike Kills 12 Afghan Children'
295. ^ "Nato air strike 'kills 14 civilians' in Afghanistan". BBC News. May 29, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13587968. 
296. ^ "NATO apologizes for Afghan airstrike that it says killed 9 civilians". CNN. May 30, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/29/afghanistan.violence/?hpt=T1. 
297. ^ http://www.voanews.com/english/news/14-Civilians-Killed-in-NATO-Airstrike-in-Afghanistan-122793729.html
298. ^ US raid kills civilian in Afghanistan
299. ^ US-led forces kill Afghan civilians
300. ^ "Afghan protest at civilian deaths 'in Nato air strike'". BBC News. July 7, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14063056. 
301. ^ http://www.rferl.org/content/hundreds_of_afghans_protest_nato_raid/24257811.html
302. ^ "Afghan officials: Up to 16 civilians killed in NATO strike". CNN. July 12, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/07/12/afghanistan.air.strike/. 
303. ^ http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/security-developments-in-afghanistan-july-12
304. ^ Afghan officials say NATO raid killed 6 civilians
305. ^ http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data/international/2011/July/international_July1326.xml&section=international&col=
306. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/07/17/daily-security-brief-july-17-2011
307. ^ http://www.onlinenews.com.pk/details.php?id=181515
308. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/07/21/several-killed-wardak-operation-isaf
309. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/07/23/isaf-kills-lady-doctor-along-two-relatives
310. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/07/31/isaf-apologises-civilian-deaths-wardak
311. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/07/26/isaf-airstrike-kills-civilians-kunar
312. ^ http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/factbox-security-developments-in-afghanistan-july-27
313. ^ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-07-28/afghan-french-soldier/2813704
314. ^ The Washington Post. August 29, 2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/checkpoint-washington/post/did-us-forces-mistakenly-kill-an-afghan-journalist/2011/08/29/gIQAmb34mJ_blog.html. 
315. ^ "Nato-led forces killed BBC reporter in Afghanistan". BBC News. September 8, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14840998. 
316. ^ http://www.dvidshub.net/news/74567/isaf-joint-command-morning-operational-update#.TjWTV4KE93I
317. ^ "Four Afghans killed as anti-NATO demonstration turns violent". Reuters. August 5, 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/05/us-afghanistan-violence-idUSTRE7742XY20110805. 
318. ^ "NATO helicopter crashes in Afghanistan, killing 38". Reuters. August 6, 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/06/us-afghanistan-violence-idUSTRE7750UW20110806. 
319. ^ http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2011/08/06/eight-afghan-civilians-killed-in-air-strike.html#ixzz1UIEcjXsH
320. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/08/10/karzai-talks-airstrike-victims-pledges-help
321. ^ http://www.brecorder.com/world/south-asia/25605-civilians-killed-in-afghan-air-strike-.html
322. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/08/27/us-forces-kill-civilians-response-militant-attack
323. ^ http://www.presstv.com/detail/196111.html
324. ^ Rivera, Ray (September 4, 2011). "Anger After a Raid Kills a Wealthy Afghan With a Murky Past". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/05/world/asia/05insurgent.html?_r=1&ref=global-home. 
325. ^ http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/NATO-Afghan-Forces-Kill-Key-al-Qaida-Affiliate-129182898.html
326. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/09/26/19-civilians-killed-nuristan-operation-claim-officials
327. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/10/06/rebel-commander-killed-along-daughter
328. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/10/09/one-killed-4-others-detained-isaf
329. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/10/15/kunar-clash-claims-4-lives
330. ^ http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/10/16/foreign-troops-kill-ex-senator%E2%80%99s-relatives
331. ^ http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/anger-building-as-locals-ask-why-young-afghan-had-to-die/story-e6frg6nf-1226180907123
332. ^ RICHARD A. OPPEL Jr. (2010-04-04). "U.S. Admits Role in February Killing of Afghan Women". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/05/world/asia/05afghan.html?ref=world. Retrieved 2010-04-06. 
333. ^ Starkey, Jerome (2010-04-05). "US special forces 'tried to cover-up' botched Khataba raid in Afghanistan". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7087637.ece. Retrieved 2010-04-06. 

External links

• Rethink Afghanistan – Part 4: Civilian Casualties 12 min. section of the full documentary film Rethink Afghanistan available online
• Afghanistan Under the US "War on Terror" photo gallery from RAWA, an Afghan women's association
• After First Denying Involvement, US Forces Admit Killing Two Pregnant Afghan Women & Teenager – video report by Democracy Now!
• The Afghan Victim Memorial Project database and photos
• "War Against Terrorism" in Afghanistan
• Casualties in Afghanistan & Iraq
• War Report Afghan Archives – Civilian Casualties
• Casualty Monitor: Monitoring and analysis of data on civilian and British military casualties in Afghanistan and Iraq
• The Worsening Situation in Afghanistan
• The Reality Page