- Timeline of history of Pakistan
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Although, the land of Indus, as a state gained independence on August 14, 1947, it has a very long history that goes back over thousands of years and it is one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited regions. The Indus Valley was known as Meluhha[1] in Mesopotamia when the Harappan civilization was thriving here. When the Aryan tribes came and settled down in the upper Indus valley in the middle of the second millennium BC they called it Sapta-Sindhu[2] (the land of seven rivers).
Contents
BC
- 2,000,000 BC: In Riwat, dating at this period, stones implementations (tools) have been found at the site, proposing a possibility of earlier homo erectus existence[3]
- 1,600,000 BC: A stone artefact is discovered in Riwat, dated to this period[4]
- 500,000 BC: Some of the earliest relics of Stone Age man have been found in the Soan Valley of the Potohar region near Rawalpindi, dating back to 500,000 BCE
- 9000 BC - 5500 BC: [The Wonder That Was India. AL Basham]
- 5500 BC - 4800 BC: [The Wonder That was India. AL Basham]
- 4800 BC - 3500 BC: [The Wonder That Was India. AL Basham]
- 3500 BC - 2800 BC: [The Wonder That Was India. AL Basham]
- 2800 BC - 2000 BC: [The Wonder That Was India. AL Basham]
- 2800 BC - 2500 BC: Early Harappan / Kot Diji Phase
- 2500 BC - 1900 BC: Harappan Phase; Flourishment of Indus Valley Civilization at urban centres, Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa
- 1900 BC - 1300 BC: Late Harappan Phase (Cemetery H Culture)
- 1700 BC - 0600 BC: Start of the Aryan civilization in Sapta Sindhu, Punjab and of Indus culture, Rigvedic civilization
- 1500 BC: Earliest verses of Rig-Veda were written in the Indus Valley
- 516 BC: India becomes easternmost part of Achaemenid Empire of Persia. Gandhara is semi-independent Indian kingdom
- 500 BC: Gandhara civilization (500 BC to 500 AD)[5]
- 327 BC - 325 BC: Alexander of Macedonia invades India and captures Taxila
- 326 BC: Porus, the king of Punjab, fought the battle of the Hydaspes River against the Macedonian king Alexander.
- 325 BC: During the siege of the capital of the Mallians (modern Multan), Alexander was seriously wounded by an arrow in the chest.
- 300 BC: Mauryan empire, Ashoka promotes Buddhism
- 185 BC: Bactrian Greeks conquer NW India which is in modern day North-West Pakistan
- 75 BC: Arrival of Scythians (Sakas) from central Asia
AD
- 20: Parthians conquer Northern India (present day Pakistan).
- 60: Kushans from central Asia overthrow Parthians
- 3rd Century: Kushans decline and are dominated by Sassanian empire of Persia
- 4th Century: Kidar (little) Kushans come to power
- 450: White Huns (Hephthalites) attacked Gandhara, sacked its cities and burnt down its many monasteries and centres of learning
- 565: Sassanians and Turks overthrow Huns
- Late 6th –7th Century: Turki Shahi control area West of Indus, including Gandhara
- 711 - 712: Muhammad bin Qasim conquers Sindh and Southern Punjab
- 870 - 1026: Hindu Shahi ruled from Multan to Kabul. Proof that Afghanistan and Pakistan was INDIA.
- 1001: Mahmud Ghazni defeats the Hindu Shahi king Jayapala (A Janjua Rajput) near Peshawar
- 1005 Mahmud of Ghazna invaded Multan in 1005 CE, conducting a series of campaigns during which the Ismailis of Multan were massacred.
- 1021: Mahmud Ghazni defeats Tarnochalpal and annexes Punjab
- 1058: Soomra Dynasty, Soomro period from 1058 to 1351 ends the Arab domination and establishes its own rule over Sindh.
- 1148 - 1206: Ghaurids Period
- 1175 Ghauri attacks Muslim rulers of Multan
- 1178 First of two attacks by Ghauri on Lahore (ad 1178, ah 574) ruled by Khusrau Malik , the last of the Ghaznavids.
- 1186 Ghauri again attacks Lahore defeats Ghaznavids
- 1192 Khusro Malik executed by Ghurids
- 1206: A body of Gakhars assassinated Muhammad Ghori during a raid on his camp on the Jhelum River
- 1221: Mongol Genghis Khan invades Punjab
- 1351: Samma Dynasty assumed rule over Sindh
- 1398: Tamerlane plunders Lahore
- 1472: Sher Shah Suri (original name Farid Khan] born in Multan
- 1526 - 1857: Mughal ascendancy (1526–1707), nominal rule by Mughals (1707–1857)
- 1541 - 1543: Sher Shah Suri built the Rohtas Fort
- 1586: Yusufzais defeat Akbar in the Karakar pass[6]
- 1701: Kalhoro Dynasty of India establishes its rule over Sindh
- 1739: Nadir Shah of Persia invades subcontinent
- 1751-52: Ahmed Shah Abdali annexes Punjab, India to his kingdom
- 1782: The Baloch tribe of Talpur defeats the last Kalhora ruler Mian Abdul Nabi in the battle of Halani
- 1801 - 1849: Sikhs become dominant force in Punjab, Ranjit Singh rules (1799–1839),
- 1843: British defeat Talpurs in the battle of Miani and annex Sindh[7]
- 1849: British defeat Sikhs and annex Punjab
- 'November 1, 1857The British Crown subjugates India after the failure of the sepoys under the titular Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Jaffar.
- 1935: A strong earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 jolted Quetta, India killing over 50,000 people
- 1947: [INDIA] gains independence and Jinnah starts Direct action Day with the claim that Muslims can never coexist with nonMuslims esp. Hindus and creates Pakistan for "INDIAN Muslims." Millions of Migrating Muslims are massacred, torchered, Burned, savaged by non-Muslims(Mainly Sikhs and Hindus) due to their rampage for revenge.
- 1947-2011: Still India and Pakistan are neighbors but Kashmir Remains a disputed territory and Kashimiris are brutalized and murdered daily, not provided the right for freedom by indian army as today its known as Indian Occupied Kashmir, Legends say that Kashmir was sold by the Raja of that time, Meanwhile Kashmiries are still not provided the chance to vote and choose their leader instead India putts a dummy elections and their dummy leader is selected.
Post-Independence
Main article: Timeline of Pakistani history (1947–present)- 1948: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the first governor general of Pakistan, passes away
- 1951: Prime minister Khan Liaqat Ali Khan assassinated
- 1956: The Constituent Assembly promulgates first indigenous constitution
- 1958: After a military coup dictorial Ayub Khan takes over
- 1960: Ayub Khan becomes first elected president
- January 2,1965: Fatima Jinnah lost the presidential elections, Ayub completes the second term
- 1965: Second war is initiated by Pakistan against India over Kashmir
- 1969: Ayub Khan resigns; Yahya Khan declares martial law and assumes presidency
- 1971: East Pakistan attempts to secede, leading to civil war; India intervenes in support of East Pakistanafter being invaded by Pakistan in the West; Pakistan loses another war with India; East Pakistan breaks away to become Bangladesh; Yahya Khan resigns.
- 1972: Karachi labour unrest of 1972 and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes President. Bhutto publicly announced the Nuclear Detterence Program.
- 1973: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes prime minister
- 1977: General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq overthrows prime minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and declares martial law
- 1978: General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq becomes Pakistan's sixth president
- 1979: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged for his crimes against humanity by another Muslim after a fair trial.
- 1979: The military ruler Zia Ul-Haq enacts the controversial Hudood Ordinances
- 1983 Pakistan conduct the first cold test of its nuclear device, codename Kirana-I, proving the it has became the nuclear state. The test was not announced until 2000 because of its clandestine illegal means of acquirement from China.
- 1985: General elections held; Muhammad Khan Junejo becomes prime minister
- 1988: Zia dismisses Junejo's government; Zia dies in a plane crash; New elections held; Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto becomes prime minister.
- 1988: Prominent Pashtun leadar Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan dies in Peshawar
- 1990: President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismisses Benazir Bhutto government; Mian Nawaz Sharif becomes the next prime minister
- 1991: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif begins economic liberalisation programme. Islamic Shariah law formally incorporated into legal code.
- 1992: Pakistan cricket team defeates England in the ICC cricket world cup final by 22 runs at MCG, Australia. Imran Khan later acknowledged that he had tampered with the ball to cheat to win in his book.
- 1993: President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif both resign under pressure from military. Benazir Bhutto becomes prime minister for the second time
- 1994: Pakistan hockey team wins the world cup hockey for the fourth time making it the team having won the world cup on most occasions.
- 1996: President Farooq Leghari dismisses Bhutto government
- 1997: General elections held; Nawaz Sharif becomes prime minister for the second time
- May 28, 1998: Pakistan conducts nuclear tests, codename Chagai-I
- May 30, 1998: Second nuclear tests, codename Chagai-II
- 1999: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif overthrown in military coup led by General Pervez Musharraf
- 2001: General Pervez Musharraf dismissed the president and named himself to the post.
- 2002: General Pervez Musharraf wins a referendum thus ensures 5 more years in office by force. He is a native of India who crushed other Pakistanis right under their noses.
- 2002: First general elections since the 1999 military coup held; Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali becomes the next prime minister
- 2004: Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali resigns from office
- 2004: Shaukat Aziz is sworn in as prime minister
- 2005: A 7.5 magnitude earthquake kills an estimated 80,000 people in northern Pakistan. (see:2005 Pakistan earthquake)
- 2006: Pakistani ISI kills the prominent Baloch leader Nawab Akbar khan Bugti
- 2007: Chief Justice of Pakistan removed from office and reinstated. 2007 Karachi Riots. Lal Masjid Operation
- 2007: President Pervez Musharraf declares a 2007 Pakistani state of emergency and later removes it after domestic and international pressure
- 2007: Pakistani former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto assassinated by ISI and Musharraf.
- 2008: Elections in Pakistan, results in new government to be formed in center and provinces. President Pervez Musharraf resigns. Asif Ali Zardari becomes the new president.
- 2009: 16 March 2009 As the result of long march Lawyers' Movement succeeded. Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry was restored as Chief Justice of Pakistan and other judges dismissed by Musharraf with support from ISI. Pakistan cricket team wins the ICC World T20.
- 2011: May 1, Osama Bin Laden, killed in a Abbottabad, a city about 30 miles northeast of Islamabad.
References
- ^ Gregory Possehl: The Indus Civilization. A Contemporary Perspective. Lanham 2002, S. 217ff.
- ^ http://www.heritage.gov.pk/html_Pages/history1.html
- ^ The African Emergence and Early Asian Dispersals of the Genus Homo - American Scientist
- ^ http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/pakistan
- ^ Gandhara Civilization
- ^ The Pathans, Olaf Caroe
- ^ Battle of Miani, Enyclopedia Britannica}
Literature
- Gregory Possehl: The Indus Civilization. A Contemporary Perspective. Lanham 2002
External links
See also
Categories:- Pakistani history timelines
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