- Billy Tipton
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Billy Tipton 
Tipton at the piano
Tipton at the pianoBackground information Birth name Dorothy Lucille Tipton Also known as Tippy Tipton Born December 29, 1914
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.Died January 21, 1989 (aged 74)
Spokane, Washington, U.S.Genres Jazz, Swing Occupations Performer, Talent agent Instruments Piano, Saxophone Years active 1936–1970 Labels Tops Records Associated acts Billy Tipton Trio Billy Lee Tipton (December 29, 1914 – January 21, 1989) was an American jazz musician and bandleader. Born Dorothy Tipton, he is best known for the discovery, after his death, that he was female assigned at birth.
Contents
Early life
Born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Tipton grew up in Kansas City, Missouri, where he was raised by an aunt after his parents' divorce, after which he rarely saw his father, G.W. Tipton, a pilot who sometimes took him for airplane rides. As a high school student, he went by the nickname Tippy and became interested in music, especially jazz. He studied piano and saxophone. He returned to Oklahoma for his final year of high school and joined the school band there.[1]
As Tipton began a more serious music career, he adopted his father's nickname, Billy, and more actively worked to pass as male by breast binding and packing. At first, Tipton only presented as male in performance, but by 1940 Tipton was living as a man in his private life as well.[1] Two of Tipton's female cousins, with whom Tipton maintained contact over the years, and perhaps some of his later paramours, were the only persons privy to both sides of Tipton's life.
Career
Early work
In 1936, Tipton was the leader of a band playing on KFXR. In 1938, Tipton joined Louvenie’s Western Swingbillies, a band which played on KTOK and at Brown's Tavern. In 1940 he was touring the Midwest playing at dances with Scott Cameron's band. In 1941 he began a two and a half year run performing at Joplin, Missouri's Cotton Club with George Meyer's band, then toured for a time with Ross Carlyle, then played for two years in Texas.[1]
In 1949, Tipton began touring the Pacific Northwest with George Meyer. While this tour was far from glamorous, the band's appearances at Roseburg, Oregon's Shalimar Room were recorded by a local radio station, and so recordings exist of Tipton's work during this time, including "If I Knew Then" and "Sophisticated Swing".[1] The trio's signature song was "Flying Home", performed in a close imitation of Benny Goodman's band.
As George Meyer's band became more successful, they began getting more prestigious work, performing with The Ink Spots, the Delta Rhythm Boys, and Billy Eckstine at the Boulevard Club in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.[1]
As bandleader
Tipton began playing piano alone at the Elks club in Longview, Washington. In Longview, he started the Billy Tipton Trio, which consisted of Tipton on piano, Dick O'Neil on drums, and Kenny Richards (and later Ron Kilde) on bass. The trio gained local popularity.
During a performance on tour at King's Supper Club in Santa Barbara, California, a talent scout from Tops Records heard them play and got them a contract. The Billy Tipton Trio recorded two albums of jazz standards for Tops: Sweet Georgia Brown and Billy Tipton Plays Hi-Fi on Piano, both released early in 1957. Among the pieces performed were "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man", "Willow Weep for Me", "What'll I Do", and "Don't Blame Me". In 1957, the albums sold 17,678 copies, a "respectable" sum for a small independent record label.[1][2]
After the albums' success, the Billy Tipton Trio was offered a position as house band at the Holiday Hotel in Reno, Nevada, and Tops Records invited the trio to record four more albums. Tipton declined both offers, choosing instead to move to Spokane, Washington, where he worked as a talent broker and the trio was the house band at Allen's Tin Pan Alley, performing weekly. He played mainly swing standards rather than the jazz he preferred. His performances included skits in the vaudeville tradition in which he imitated celebrities like Liberace and Elvis Presley. In some of these sketches, he played a little girl.[1] He mentored young musicians at the Dave Sobol Theatrical Agency.
In the late 1970s, worsening arthritis forced Tipton to retire from music.[3]
Personal life
Early in his career, Tipton presented as a male only professionally, continuing to present as a woman otherwise. He spent those early years living with a woman named Non Earl Harrell, in a relationship which other musicians thought of as lesbian. The relationship ended in 1942.[4][5] Tipton's next relationship, with a singer known only as "June", lasted for several years.[5]
For seven years, Tipton lived with Betty Cox, who was 19 when they became involved. According to Cox, they had a heterosexual relationship. Betty remembered him as "the most fantastic love of my life."[6] Tipton kept the secret of his extrinsic sexual characteristics from Betty by inventing a story that he had been in a serious car accident which had badly damaged his genitals and broken some ribs, and that to protect the damaged chest he had to bind it. From then on, this was what he would tell the women in his life.
In 1960, Tipton ended this relationship to settle down with nightclub dancer and stripper Kitty Kelly (later known as Kitty Oakes), who was known professionally as "The Irish Venus." Tipton was never legally married, but several women had drivers' licenses identifying them as Mrs. Tipton. They were involved with their local PTA and with the Boy Scouts. They adopted three sons, John, Scott, and William. After Tipton's death, Kitty gave several interviews about him and their relationship. In early interviews, she said, “He gave up everything... There were certain rules and regulations in those days if you were going to be a musician,” in reference to breaking into the 1920−30s music industry. William described Tipton as a good father who loved to go on Scout camping trips.[2]
Their adopted sons became difficult to manage during their adolescence. Because of the couple's ongoing arguments over how they should raise the boys, Tipton left Kitty in the late 1970s, moved into a mobile home with their sons, and resumed his old relationship with Maryann. He remained there, living in poverty, until his death.[5]
Death and aftermath
In 1989, at the age of 74, Tipton had symptoms he attributed to emphysema and refused to call a doctor. Actually he was suffering from a hemorrhaging peptic ulcer, which, untreated, was fatal. It was while paramedics were trying to save Tipton's life, with son William looking on, that William learned that his father was female assigned at birth. Tipton was pronounced dead at Valley General Hospital. The coroner shared this with the rest of the family. In an attempt to keep the secret, Kitty arranged for his body to be cremated, but one of their sons went public with the story. The first newspaper article was published the day after Tipton's funeral and it was quickly picked up by wire services. Stories about Tipton appeared in a variety of papers including tabloids such as National Enquirer and Star, as well as more reputable papers such as New York Magazine and The Seattle Times. Tipton's family even made talk show appearances.[7]
Two wills were left by Tipton: one handwritten and not notarized which left everything to William Jr.; and the second, notarized, leaving everything to Jon Clark.[8] A court upheld the first will, and William inherited almost everything, with John and Scott receiving one dollar each.[9]
Music and dramatic works inspired by Tipton
- The 1991 song "Tipton" by folksinger Phranc is a tribute to Billy Tipton.
- "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" is a 1995 short film based on the life and career of Billy Tipton.[10]
- Stevie Wants to Play the Blues was a play based on Tipton's life written by Eduardo Machado and performed in Los Angeles.
- The Slow Drag was a play based on Tipton's life by Carson Kreitzer performed in New York City and London.
- An opera based on Tipton's life, Billy, was staged in Olympia, Washington.
- Trumpet, a novel based on Tipton's life, is by Jackie Kay.
- The Opposite Sex is Neither, a theatrical revue by noted trans woman Kate Bornstein, features Billy Tipton.
- "Billy's Thing" is an unreleased track by Jill Sobule.
- "The Legend of Billy Tipton," by the punk band The Video Dead, is about the story of Billy Tipton.[11]
"Kill Me, Por Favor" is a short story including a section about Billy Tipton in Ry Cooder's 2011 volume entitled "Los Angeles Stories". Pub. City Lights Books 2011.
Discography
- Sweet Georgia Brown (1957)
- Billy Tipton Plays Hi-Fi on Piano (1957)
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Blecha, Peter (2005-09-17). "Tipton, Billy (1914-1989): Spokane's Secretive Jazzman". HistoryLink. http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7456. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
- ^ a b Smith, Dinitia (1998-06-02). "Billy Tipton Is Remembered With Love, Even by Those Who Were Deceived". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/library/books/060298tipton-biography.html. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
- ^ Middlebrook, Diane (1999). Suits me: the double life of Billy Tipton. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 252–255. ISBN 0395957893.
- ^ Adams, Cecil (1998-06-05). "What's the story on the female jazz musician who lived as a man?". The Straight Dope. http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a5_009.html. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
- ^ a b c Susannah, Francesca. "Women Like That: The Transformation of Dorothy Tipton". Out in the Mountains. http://www.mountainpridemedia.com/oitm/issues/2003/03mar2003/col05_likethat.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
- ^ Vollers, Maryanne (1998-05-18). "Suits Me: The Double Life of Billy Tipton". Salon Books. http://www.salon.com/books/sneaks/1998/05/18sneaks.html. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
- ^ Lehrman, Sally (May/June 1997). "Billy Tipton: Self-Made Man". Stanford Today Online. http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/stanfordtoday/ed/9705/9705fea601.shtml. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
- ^ Clark, Doug (1989-03-05). "Billy Tipton's Estate". Spokesman Review. http://www.spokesmanreview.com/breaking/story.asp?ID=15236. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
- ^ Brubach, Holly (1998-06-28). "Swing Time". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/06/28/reviews/980628.28brub.html. Retrieved 2007-02-01.
- ^ "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man (1995)". Yahoo! Movies. http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1809400272/info. Retrieved 2011-04-22.
- ^ "The Video Dead: Brotherhood of the Dead". Gasoline Magazine. http://www.bovineclub.com/gasoline/REV20.php?offset=8&entry_id=20. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
Further reading
- Middlebrook, Diane Wood (1998). Suits Me: The Double Life of Billy Tipton. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 320 pages. ISBN 0-395-95789-3.
External links
Categories:- 1914 births
- 1989 deaths
- American jazz pianists
- American pianists
- Deaths from ulcers
- Jazz saxophonists
- LGBT musicians from the United States
- People from the Kansas City metropolitan area
- People from Spokane, Washington
- Transgender and transsexual musicians
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