Sibghatullah Mojaddedi

Sibghatullah Mojaddedi صبغت الله مجددی
9th President of Afghanistan
In office 28 April 1992 – 28 June 1992
Prime Minister	Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani
Preceded by	Abdul Rahim Hatef (Acting)
Succeeded by	Burhanuddin Rabbani
Personal details
Born	1925 or 1926 (aged 83-85) Kabul, Afghanistan
Political party	Afghan National Liberation Front
Religion	Sunni Islam

History of Afghanistan
Timeline
Pre-Islamic period  Bronze age and Proto-Elamite culture in Nimruz area (2300–1800 BC) Bronze age and Indus valley civilization in Mundigak (Kandahar area) (2200–1800 BC) Bronze age and Oxus civilization in northern Afghanistan (2100–1800 BC) Late Bronze age and Iron age and coming of Aryans (1700–700 BC) Median Empire (728–550 BC) Achaemenids (550–330 BC) Seleucids (330–150 BC) Mauryans (305–180 BC) Greco-Bactrians (256–125 BC) Indo-Greeks (180–130 BC) Indo-Scythians (Sakas) (155–80? BC) Indo-Parthians (20 BC–50? AD) Kushans (135 BC–248 AD) Sassanids (230–565) Indo-Sassanids (248–410) Kidarites (320–465) Hephthalites (410–557) Kabul Shahi (565–879)
Islamic conquest  Rashidun Caliphate (642–641) Umayyads (661–750) Abbasids (750–821) Tahirids (821–873) Saffarids (863–900)) Samanids (875–999) Ghaznavids (963–1187) Seljukids (1037–1194) Khwarezmids (1077–1231) Ghorids (1149–1212) Ilkhanate (1258–1353) Kartids (1245–1381) Timurids (1370–1506) Arghun (1479-1522) Mughals (1501–1738) Safavids (1510–1709) Hotaki dynasty (1709–1738) Afsharids (1738–1747)
Modern history  Durrani Empire (1747–1826) Emirate of Afghanistan (1826–1919) Kingdom of Afghanistan (1919–1973) Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) Democratic Republic (1978–1992) Islamic State (1992–1996) Islamic Emirate (1996–2001) Islamic Republic (2001–) Afghan Civil War 1979–1989 1989–1992 1992–1996 1996–2001 2001–present
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Sibghatullah Mojaddedi (Dari/Pashto صبغت الله مجددي)(born 1925 or 1926), served as the first President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan after the fall of the communist regime in 1992. He is also the leader of the Afghan National Liberation Front. Professor Mojaddedi transferred power to President Burhanuddin Rabbani after serving a two-month term, based on a prior agreement that was reached by the Mujahideen forces in Pakistan, as he was unable establish any type of reconciliation among the Mujahideen factions. In December 2003, he served as the chairman of the Loya Jirga that approved Afghanistan's new constitution. Recently he was elected as the leader of the legislature's 102-seat upper house, the Meshrano Jirga, for a 5 year term, and is also chairman of "National Commission for Peace in Afghanistan".

Personal

Sibghatullah Mojaddedi is an ethnic Pashtun.^[1] The Mojaddedi is an eminent religious family from Kabul.^[2]

Politics

Sibghatullah Mojaddedi is a moderate Muslim leader.^[3] He is a member of the Jebh-e-Nejat-e Melli (National Liberation Front).^[1]

In 1989, the Afghan Interim Government appointed him as the president of the country.^[4] In 1992, he was the chair of a the Islamic Jihad Council that was set up to establish a post-Soviet Afghani government.^[3] This position lasted three months, although some sources say he stayed for only two months.^[3][5]. In May 1992, Burhanuddin Rabbani established a new leadership council. This council undermined Mojaddedi's leadership, resulting in his resignation and handing over power to a new council.^[3][5] During this time in 1992, when Mojaddedi was President of Afghanistan, the Ariana plane carrying him to Kabul was hit by an RPG as it was landing at Kabul Airport. The plane landed safely, with no fatalities.^[6][7]

Two suicide bombers carried out an attack in Kabul on March 12, 2006 against Sibghatullah Mojaddedi.^[8] At the time of the attack, he was a member of the upper house of parliament and head of a reconciliation committee aimed at engaging former Taliban members.^[8] He was attacked as he was being driven on the road in Kabul. Attackers blew up a vehicle filled with explosives next to his car.^[9] Four pedestrians were killed and Mojaddedi was slightly injured, with burns to his face and hands.^[8]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Eur 2003, p. 94
2. ^ Stedman & Tanner 2002, p. 70
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Gladstone 2001, p. 8
4. ^ Eur 2003, p. 65
5. ^ ^{a b} Runion 2007, p. 116
6. ^ Aviation Safety Net
7. ^ Human Rights Watch report
8. ^ ^{a b c} Human Rights Watch 2007, p. 40
9. ^ Radio Free Europe

Bibliography

• Eur (2003). Far East and Australasia 2003. Routledge. ISBN 1857431332. 
• Gladstone, Gary (2001). Afghanistan: History, Issues, Bibliography. Novinka Books. ISBN 1560331054. 
• Human Rights Watch (April 2007). AFGANISTAN The Human Cost The Consequences of Insurgent Attacks in Afghanistan. 19. Human Rights Watch. 
• Runion, Meredith L (2007). The history of Afghanistan. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313337987. OCLC 237144347. 
• Stedman, Stephen John; Tanner, Fred (2002). Refugee manipulation : war, politics, and the abuse of human suffering. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0815780907. OCLC 123336516. 

External links

• Biography of Sibghatullah Mojaddedi
• Text of Remarks by Malalai Joya, Sayyaf, and Mojadidi^{[dead link]}
• Afghanistan National Independent Peace and Reconciliation Commission

Political offices
Preceded by Abdul Rahim Hatef Acting	President of Afghanistan Acting 1992	Succeeded by Burhanuddin Rabbani

Persondata
Name	Mojaddedi, Sibghatullah
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1926
Place of birth	Kabul, Afghanistan
Date of death
Place of death