Nuclear power in Romania

Cernavodă

Nuclear power stations in Romania (view)
 Active plants
 Future plants

Romania currently has 1,400 MW of nuclear power capacity by means of one active nuclear power plant with 2 reactors, which constitutes around 18% of the national power generation capacity of the country. This makes Romania the 23rd largest user of nuclear power in the world.

Cernavodă nuclear plant

Main article: Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant

Late in the 1970s, the Romanian Government decided to build a five-unit nuclear power plant in Cernavodă. Romania decided to use Canadian technology (CANDU reactor technology from AECL) and build heavy water reactors, using heavy water produced at Drobeta-Turnu Severin as its neutron moderator and water from the Danube for cooling. The nuclear power plant has two fully operational reactors and another three reactors that are partially finished. Unit One was finished in 1996 and produces 705.6 MW^[1] of electricity. Unit Two was finished in 2007^[2] and produces 706 MW of electricity. Unit Three and Unit Four are expected to be operational by the year 2015 and the total electricity production of the units will be around 1,500 MW. The total cost of the units is expected to be around US$ 6 billion. On 7 March 2008, Nuclearelectrica, ArcelorMittal, CEZ, Electrabel, Enel, Iberdrola and RWE agreed to set up a company dedicated to the completion, commissioning and operation of Units 3 and 4. The company is expected to be registered in May 2008.^[3]

When all the four reactors will be fully functional the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant will produce around 40 % of Romania's total electricity needs. In 2002 and 2006, Romania made efforts to complete unit 3 and 4, respectively. The cost estimate put completion of both reactors at EUR 2.5 billion, with seven companies investing into the project, including the state run Societatea Nationala Nuclearelectrica. The six other companies include ArcelorMittal, CEZ, Electrabel, ENEL, Iberdrola, and RWE. With investment from all these companies, unit 3 will be completed in 2014 and unit 4 in 2015. In March 2008, the Romanian government suggested that it might build another four-unit power plant by 2020.^[4] The company that operates and maintains the power plant is Nuclearelectrica.

Nuclear waste

Currently, nuclear waste is stored at the reactors for up to ten years. Then the waste is transported to dry storage, which is based on the Macstor system designed by AECL. The government has conducted studies into a permanent geological repository.^[5]

Plans for other power plants

There are also plans for the construction of a second nuclear power plant in Transylvania that will either have 2 reactors of 1,200 MW each or 4 reactors of 600 MW each with an electricity generating capacity of 2,400 MW^[6] and will be constructed after 2020.^[7] Currently, three locations for this plant are being considered, all on the Someş River.^[8] The French company Areva has been mentioned as a possible constructor for the new plant.^[9]

Energy production

Nuclear electricity production in Romania (TWh)^[10]

	Nuclear	Total consumption	Percentage
1996	0.91	58.06	1.57%
1997	5.13	54.65	9.39%
1998	4.9	51.14	9.58%
1999	4.81	48.51	9.92%
2000	5.22	49.65	10.51%
2001	5.04	51.3	9.82%
2002	5.11	52.18	9.79%
2003	4.54	52.42	8.66%
2004	5.27	53.99	9.76%
2005	5.28	56.91	9.28%
2006[11]	5.63	62.69	8.98%
2007	?	?	?
2008	?	?	?
2009	?	?	18%[8]

References

1. ^ 2007 News Releases - Second CANDU Unit in European Union Officially In Service
2. ^ Cernavoda 2 achieves initial criticality
3. ^ "Draft agreement finalized for Romanian reactors". World Nuclear News. 2008-03-07. http://www.world-nuclear-news.com/NN/Draft_agreement_finalized_for_Romanian_reactors_070308.html. Retrieved 2008-03-07. 
4. ^ "Nuclear Power in Romania." Australian Uranium Association. March 2008. <http://www.uic.com.au/nip93.htm>
5. ^ "Nuclear Power in Romania." World Nuclear Association. March 2008. <http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf93.html>
6. ^ Second nuclear plant to have 2,400 MW installed capacity (Romanian)
7. ^ Romania builds second nuclear power plant (Romanian)
8. ^ ^{a b} http://www.adevarul.ro/financiar/Franta_ar_dori_sa_construiasca_a_doua_centrala_nucleara_din_Romania_-_oficial_francez_0_206979743.html
9. ^ http://www.adevarul.ro/financiar/Videanu_picteaza_in_culorile_Frantei_a_doua_centrala_nucleara_din_Romania_0_302370235.html
10. ^ "International Energy Annual (IEA) - long-term historical international energy statistics"
11. ^ Electric energy production by type of energy plant, National Institute of Statistics

External links

• http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf93.html