Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)

Plane Wreck at Los Gatos

Accident summary
Date	January 29, 1948
Type	Fire, originating in the left engine-driven fuel pump
Site	Diablo Mts., west of Coalinga, Fresno County, California, USA
Passengers	29
Crew	3
Fatalities	32 (all)
Survivors	0
Aircraft type	C-47B-40-DK Skytrain
Operator	Airline Transport Carriers (under contract with the INS)
Tail number	NC36480

"Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)" is a protest song with lyrics by Woody Guthrie detailing the January 28, 1948 crash of a plane near Los Gatos Canyon,^[1] 20 miles west of Coalinga in Fresno County, California, United States.^[2][3] The crash occurred in Los Gatos Canyon and not in the town of Los Gatos itself, which is in Santa Clara County, approximately 150 miles away. Guthrie was inspired to write the song by what he considered the racist mistreatment of the passengers before and after the accident.^[1] The crash resulted in the deaths of 32 people, 4 Americans and 28 migrant farm workers who were being deported from California back to Mexico.^[3]

History

The genesis of "Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)" reportedly occurred when Guthrie was struck by the fact that radio and newspaper coverage of the event did not give the victims' names, but instead referred to them merely as "deportees."^[2] For example, none of the deportees' names were printed in the January 29, 1948 New York Times report, only those of the flight crew and the security guard.^[3][4] Guthrie responded with a poem, which, when it was first written, featured only rudimentary musical accompaniment, with Guthrie chanting the song rather than singing it.^[1] In the poem, Guthrie assigned symbolic names to the dead: "Goodbye to my Juan, goodbye Rosalita; adiós, mis amigos, Jesús y María..."^[5]

The Mexican victims of the accident were placed in a mass grave at Holy Cross Cemetery in Fresno, California. There were 27 men and one woman, with only 12 of the victims ever being identified.^[6] The grave is 84 feet by 7 feet with two rows of caskets and not all of the bodies were buried the first day, but the caskets at the site did have an overnight guard.^[6]

A decade later, Guthrie's poem was set to music and given a haunting melody by a schoolteacher named Martin Hoffman.^[2] Shortly after, folk singer and friend of Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, began performing the song at concerts and it was Seeger's rendition that popularized the song during this time.^[2]

Woody Guthrie

It has been suggested by the Three Rocks Research website that in fact, "Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)" betrays Woody Guthrie's lack of understanding regarding the Bracero Program.^[3] The program was a series of laws and diplomatic agreements created by the U.S. Congress in 1942, that permitted Mexican farm laborers (or braceros) to work in the United States due to the severe labor shortages caused by World War II. Under the terms of the program, the labor contractors were expected to provide transportation to and from the Mexican border, with the U.S. Immigration Service being required to repatriate the Mexican citizens if the contractor defaulted.^[3] As such, the "deportation" of braceros in this fashion was simply a way of meeting the obligations of the program.^[3] However, it could be argued that Guthrie's song is less about the Bracero Program itself and more a comment on the attitude of American society and the media towards the Mexican farm laborers.

In addition to being a lament for the braceros killed in the crash, the opening lines of "Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)":

"The crops are all in and the peaches are rott'ning,

The oranges piled in their creosote dumps."^[5]

are another protest by Guthrie. At the time, government policies paid farmers to destroy their crops in order to keep farm production and prices high.^[7] Guthrie felt that it was wrong to render food inedible by poisoning it in a world where hungry people lived.

"Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)" has been described by journalist Joe Klein as "the last great song he [Guthrie] would write, a memorial to the nameless migrants "all scattered like dry leaves" in Los Gatos Canyon."^[1] The song has been covered many times, often under a variety of alternate titles, including "Deportees", "Ballad of the Deportees", "Deportee Song" and "Plane Wreck at Los Gatos (Deportee)".

Recordings

The song has been covered by a multitude of artists, including:

• Dave Guard and the Whiskey Hill Singers (featuring Judy Henske) on Dave Guard and the Whiskey Hill Singers (1962)
• The Kingston Trio on Time To Think (1963)
• Cisco Houston on Cisco Sings the Songs of Woody Guthrie (1963)
• Judy Collins on Judy Collins #3 (1964)
• The Byrds on the Ballad of Easy Rider (1969)
• Joan Baez on Blessed Are... (1971), and live on Bowery Songs (2004)
• Arlo Guthrie on Arlo Guthrie (1974) and with Pete Seeger on Arlo Guthrie and Pete Seeger: Together in Concert (1975)
• Bob Dylan and Joan Baez during the 2nd Part of the Rolling Thunder Revue (1976)
• Dolly Parton on 9 to 5 and Odd Jobs (1980)
• Sweet Honey in the Rock on The Other Side (1985)
• Christy Moore on, Spirit of Freedom (1985)
• The Highwaymen on Highwayman (1985)
• Christina Lindberg on Stanna stanna (1985), in as "Flyktingarna" ("The Refugees") with lyrics by Martin Hoffman.^[8]
• Hoyt Axton on Hard Travelin' (1986)
• Gene Clark on So Rebellious a Lover (1987) – with Carla Olson
• Peter, Paul and Mary on Lifelines (1995) and Lifelines Live (1996)
• Concrete Blonde on Concrete Blonde y Los Illegals (1997)
• Nanci Griffith with an ensemble including Lucinda Williams, Tish Hinojosa, Odetta, Steve Earle, and John Stewart on Other Voices, Too (A Trip Back to Bountiful) (1998)
• Los Super Seven on Los Super Seven (1998).
• Svante Karlsson on American Songs as "Deportees (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos/Goodbye Juan)" (1999)
• Bruce Springsteen on 'Til We Outnumber 'Em (2000)
• Ox on Dust Bowl Revival (2003)
• Paddy Reilly on The Very Best Of Paddy Reilly: 30 of His Finest Performances (2003)
• Barbara Dane on Classic Folk Music From Smithsonian Folkways (2004)
• Derek Warfield and the Wolfe Tones on 50 Great Irish Rebel Songs and Ballads (2005)
• The Battlefield Band on The Road of Tears (2006)
• Billy Bragg on Talking with the Taxman about Poetry extended edition (2006)
• Roy Brown Ramírez, Tito Auger, and Tao Rodríguez-Seeger on Que Vaya Bien (2006) (Spanish)
• Richard Shindell on, South of Delia (2007)
• Old Crow Medicine Show on Song of America (2007)
• John Stewart "Illegals/Deportee Medley" on Secret Tapes 1984-87 (2009)

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Klein, Joe. (1999). Woody Guthrie: A Life. Delta. ISBN 0-38533-385-4. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "60th anniversary of "Plane Wreck at Los Gatos (Deportee)"". Indybay. http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2008/01/30/18475895.php. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "DC3 Aircraft Crash Site in Los Gatos Canyon". Three Rocks Research. http://www.picacho.org/interest/dc3-site.html. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
4. ^ "Los Gatos Canyon Plane Crash, Fresno County, California". Eastern Mojave Vegetation. http://www.schweich.com/geoCAFreLosGatosCynCrash.html. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
5. ^ ^{a b} "Deeportee (Plane Wreck at Los gatos) lyrics". The Official Woody Guthrie Website. http://www.woodyguthrie.org/Lyrics/Deportee.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-27. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Fresno Bee (Fresno, California), 1 February 1948 
7. ^ "Mark Hammond: Chapel Talk". The Irene DuPont Library. http://library.standrews-de.org/lists/ChapelTalks/CTFaculty/HammondCT-01-7-2004.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-16. ^{[dead link]}
8. ^ "Svensk mediedatabas". http://smdb.kb.se/catalog/id/001890954. Retrieved 16 June 2011. 

External links

• Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos) song lyrics at woodyguthrie.org
• Check-Six.com - The "Plane Wreck at Los Gatos" Canyon (includes full passenger and crew list)
• A description of the DC3 aircraft crash site at picacho.org (includes text of The New York Times article)
• Newspaper report on the crash from The New York Times