- Osaka machi-bugyō
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Osaka machi-bugyō (大阪町奉行 Osaka machi-bugyō ) were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. Appointments to this prominent office were usually fudai daimyō, but this was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not daimyō.[1] Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer" or "governor."
Under the control of Rōjū, this bakufu title identifies a magistrate or municipal administrator with responsibility for governing and maintaining order in the shogunal city of Osaka[2], Settsu Province, and Kawachi Province.
The Osaka machi-bugyo were the central public authorities in this significant urban center. These men were bakufu-appointed officials fulfilling a unique role. They were an amalgam of chief of police, judge, and mayor. The machi-bugyo were expected to manage a full range of administrative and judicial responsibilities.[3]
Each machi-bugyo was involved in tax collection, policing, and firefighting; and at the same time, each played a number of judicial roles –- hearing and deciding both ordinary civil cases and criminal cases.[3] Each machi-bugyo worked by relay, changing on duty and off duty monthly. Machi-bugyo which is on duty accept new tasks. Another machi-bugyo which is off duty does not accept new tasks, but still working to deal with tasks which had been accepted. By this alternation system, bakufu let two bugyos watch each other, and decentralized the massive power of machi-bugyo, therefore prevented injustice.
In this period, the machi-bugyo were considered equal in status to the minor daimyō. At any one time, there were as many as 16 machi-bugyo located throughout Japan;[3] and there was always at least one in Osaka.
Contents
Shogunal city
During this period, Osaka ranked with the largest urban centers, some of which were designated as a "shogunal city." The number of such cities rose from three to eleven under Tokugawa administration.[4]
List of Osaka machi-bugyō
Higashimachi-bugyō
- 34th - Kawaji Toshiaki, 1851-1852.[5]
Nishimachi--bugyō
- 11th - Ōkubo Tadakata(1704-1708).[6]
Notes
- ^ Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868, p. 325.
- ^ Hall, John Wesley. (1955) Tanuma Okitsugu: Foreruner of Modern Japan, p. 201
- ^ a b c Cunningham, Don. (2004). Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai, p. 42.
- ^ Cullen, William. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds, p. 159. at Google Books
- ^ Beasley, p. 334.
- ^ Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822, p. 236 n57.
References
- Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868. London: Oxford University Press; reprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. 10-ISBN 0-197-13508-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-197-13508-2 (cloth)]
- Cullen, Louis M. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds.] Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10-ISBN 0-521-82155-X (cloth) -- 10-ISBN 0-521-52918-2 (paper)
- Cunningham, Don. (2004). Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing. 10-ISBN 0-804-83536-5; 13-ISBN 978-0-804-83536-7 (cloth)
- Hall, John Whitney. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719-1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621
- Jansen, Marius. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. New York: Cambridge University Press. 10-ISBN 0521482399/13-ISBN 9780521482394;10-ISBN 0521484049/13-ISBN 9780521484046; OCLC 31515317
- Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. 10-ISBN 0203099850, 13-ISBN 9780203099858; OCLC 65177072
See also
Tokugawa Bureaucracy Organization Chart Ōmetsuke Metsuke Rōjū Jisha-bugyō Tairō Rōjū-kaku Edo machi-bugyō Kita-machi-bugyō Shōgun Sobayōnin Gaikoku-bugyō Minami-machi-bugyō Wakadoshiyori Gunkan-bugyō Honjo machi-bugyō Daimyō Gusoku-bugyō Hakodate bugyō Haneda bugyō Gundai Hyōgo bugyō Kane-bugyō Kanjō bugyō Ginza (silver monopoly) Kura-bugyō Kinzan-bugyō Dōza (copper monopoly) Kyoto shoshidai Kyoto machi-bugyō Shuza (cinnabar monopoly) Nagasaki bugyō Fushimi bugyō Niigata bugyō Nara bugyō Nikkō bugyō Osaka machi-bugyō Osaka jōdai Sakai bugyō Rōya-bugyō Sado bugyō Sakuji-bugyō Shimada bugyō Sunpu jōdai Uraga bugyō Yamada bugyō This bureaucracy evolved in an ad hoc manner, responding to perceived needs.Tokugawa Officials Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1603–1605) · Tokugawa Hidetada (1605–1623) · Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623–1651) · Tokugawa Ietsuna (1651–1680) · Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (1680–1709) · Tokugawa Ienobu (1709–1712) · Tokugawa Ietsugu (1713–1716) · Tokugawa Yoshimune (1716–1745) · Tokugawa Ieshige (1745–1760) · Tokugawa Ieharu (1760–1786) · Tokugawa Ienari (1787–1837) · Tokugawa Ieyoshi (1837–1853) · Tokugawa Iesada (1853–1858) · Tokugawa Iemochi (1858–1866) · Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1867–1868)Tairō Sakai Tadayo (1636) · Doi Toshikatsu (1638-1644) · Sakai Tadakatsu (1638-1656) · Sakai Tadakiyo (1666-1680) · Ii Naozumi (1668-1676) · Hotta Masatoshi (1681-1684) · Ii Naooki (1696-1700, 1711-1714) · Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu (1706-1709) · Ii Naoyuki (1784-1787) · Ii Naoaki (1835-1841) · Ii Naosuke (1858-1860) · Sakai Tadashige (1865)
Rōjū Ōkubo Tadachika (1593-1614) · Ōkubo Nagayasu (1600-1613) · Honda Masanobu (1600-1615) · Naruse Masanari (1600-1616) · Andō Naotsugu (1600-1616) · Honda Masazumi (1600-1622) · Naitō Kiyonari (1601-1606) · Aoyama Tadanari (1601-1606) · Aoyama Narishige (1608-1613) · Sakai Tadatoshi (1609-1627) · Sakai Tadayo (1610-1634) · Doi Toshikatsu (1610-1638) · Andō Shigenobu (1611-1621) · Naitō Kiyotsugu (1616-1617) · Aoyama Tadatoshi (1616-1623) · Inoue Masanari (1617-1628) · Nagai Naomasa (1622-1633) · Abe Masatsugu (1623-1626) · Inaba Masakatsu (1623-1634) · Naitō Tadashige (1623-1633) · Sakai Tadakatsu (1624-1638) · Morikawa Shigetoshi (1628-1632) · Aoyama Yukinari (1628-1633) · Matsudaira Nobutsuna (1632-1662) · Abe Tadaaki (1633-1666) · Hotta Masamori (1635-1651) · Abe Shigetsugu (1638-1651) · Matsudaira Norinaga (1642-1654) · Sakai Tadakiyo (1653-1666) · Inaba Masanori (1657-1681) · Kuze Hiroyuki (1663-1679) · Itakura Shigenori (1665-1668, 1670-1673) · Tsuchiya Kazunao (1665-1679) · Abe Masayoshi (1673-1676) · Ōkubo Tadatomo (1677-1698) · Hotta Masatoshi (1679-1681) · Doi Toshifusa (1679-1681) · Itakura Shigetane (1680-1681) · Toda Tadamasa (1681-1699) · Abe Masatake (1681-1704) · Matsudaira Nobuyuki (1685-1686) · Tsuchiya Masanao (1687-1718) · Ogasawara Nagashige (1697-1705, 1709-1710) · Akimoto Takatomo (1699-1707) · Inaba Masamichi (1701-1707) · Honda Masanaga (1704-1711) · Ōkubo Tadamasu (1705-1713) · Inoue Masamine (1705-1722) · Abe Masataka (1711-1717) · Kuze Shigeyuki (1713-1720) · Matsudaira Nobutsune (1714-1716) · Toda Tadazane (1714-1729) · Mizuno Tadayuki (1717-1730) · Andō Nobutomo (1722-1732) · Matsudaira Norisato (1723-1745) · Matsudaira Tadachika (1724-1728) · Ōkubo Tsuneharu (1728) · Sakai Tadaoto (1728-1735) · Matsudaira Nobutoki (1730-1744) · Matsudaira Terusada (1730-1745) · Kuroda Naokuni (1732-1735) · Honda Tadanaga (1734-1746) · Toki Yoritoshi (1742-1744) · Sakai Tadazumi (1744-1749) · Matsudaira Norikata (1745-1746) · Hotta Masasuke (1745-1761) · Nishio Tadanao (1746-1760) · Honda Masayoshi (1746-1758) · Matsudaira Takechika (1746-1779) · Sakai Tadayori (1749-1764) · Matsudaira Terutaka (1758-1781) · Inoue Masatsune (1760-1763) · Akimoto Sumitomo (1747-1764, 1765-1767) · Doi Toshitsura (1838-1844) · Inoue Masaharu (1840-1843) · Andō Nobumasa (1860-1862) · Itakura Katsukiyo (1862-1864, 1865-1868) · Inoue Masanao (1862-1864) · Mizuno Tadakiyo (1862-1866) · Sakai Tadashige (1863-1864) · Arima Michizumi (1863-1864) · Makino Tadayuki (1863-1865) · Matsumae Takahiro (1864-1865) · Abe Masato (1864-1865) · Suwa Tadamasa (1864-1865) · Inaba Masakuni (1864-1865, 1866-1868) · Matsudaira Munehide (1864-1866) · Inoue Masanao (1865-1867) · Matsudaira Yasuhide (1865-1868) · Mizuno Tadanobu (1866) · Matsudaira Norikata (1866-1868) · Inaba Masami (1866-1868) · Matsudaira Sadaaki (1867) · Ōkōchi Masatada (1867-1868) · Sakai Tadatō (1867-1868) · Tachibana Taneyuki (1868)
Wakadoshiyori Nagai Naoyuki (1867-1868) ·
Kyoto shoshidai Okudaira Nobumasa (1600-1601) · Itakura Katsushige (1601-1619) · Makino Chikashige (1654-1668) · Itakura Shigenori (1668-1670) · Nagai Naotsune (1670-1678) · Toda Tadamasa (1678-1681) · Inaba Masamichi (1681-1685) · Tsuchiya Masanao (1685-1687) · Naitō Shigeyori (1687-1690) · Matsudaira Nobuoki (1690-1691) · Ogasawara Nagashige (1691-1697) · Matsudaira Nobutsune (1697-1714) · Mizuno Tadayuki (1714-1717) · Matsudaira Tadachika(1717-1724) · Makino Hideshige (1724-1734) · Toki Yoritoshi {1734-1742) · Makino Sadamichi (1742-1749) · Matsudaira Sukekuni (1749-1752) · Sakai Tadamochi (1752-1756) · Matsudaira Terutaka(1756-1758) · Inoue Masatsune (1758-1760) · Abe Masasuke (1760-1764) · Abe Masachika (1764-1768) · Doi Toshisato (1769-1777) · Kuze Hiroakira (1777-1781) · Makino Sadanaga (1781-1784) · Toda Tadatō (1784-1789) · Ōta Sukeyoshi (1789-1782) · Hotta Masanari (1792-1798) · Makino Tadakiyo (1798-1801) · Doi Toshiatsu (1801-1802) · Aoyama Tadayasu (1802-1804) · Inaba Masanobu (1804-1806) · Abe Masayoshi (1806-1808) · Sakai Tadayuki (1808-1815) · Ōkubo Tadazane (1815-1818) · Matsudaira Norihiro (1818-1823) · Naitō Nobuatsu (1823-1825) · Matsudaira Yasutō (1825-1826) · Mizuno Tadakuni (1826-1828) · Matsudaira Muneakira (1828-1832) · Ōta Sukemoto (1832-1834) · Matsudaira Nobuyori (1834-1837) · Doi Toshitsura (1837-1838) · Manabe Akikatsu (1838-1840) · Makino Tadamasa (1840-1843) · Sakai Tadaaki (1843-1850) · Naitō Nobuchika (1850-1851) · Wakisaka Yasuori (1851-1857) · Honda Tadamoto (1857-1858) · Sakai Tadaaki (1858-1862) · Matsudaira Munehide (1862) · Makino Tadayuki (1862-1863) · Inaba Masakuni (1863-1864) · Matsudaira Sadaaki (1864-1867)
Bugyō Bugu-bugyō (post-1863) · Edo machi-bugyō · Fushimi bugyō · Gaikoku-bugyō (post-1858) · Gunkan-bugyō (post-1859) · Gusoku-bugyō · Hakodate bugyō · Haneda bugyō (post-1853) · Hyōgo bugyō (post-1864) · Jisha-bugyō · Kanagawa bugyō (post-1859) · Kanjō-bugyō (post-1787) · Kinzan-bugyō · Kyoto machi-bugyō · Nara bugyō · Machi-bugyō · Nagasaki bugyō · Niigata bugyō · Nikkō bugyō · Osaka jōdai · Osaka machi-bugyō · Rōya-bugyō · Sado bugyō · Sakai bugyō · Sakuji-bugyō (post-1632) · Shimoda bugyō · Sunpu jōdai · Uraga bugyō · Yamada bugyō
Daimyo ·
Hatamoto ·
Ōmetsuke Yagyū Munenori (1632-1636) · Mizuno Morinobu (1632-1636) · Akiyama Masashige 1632-1640) · Inoue Masashige (1632-1658) · Kagazume Tadazumi (1640-1650) · Nakane Masamori (1650) · Hōjō Ujinaga (1655-1670) · Ōoka Tadatane (1670) · Nakayama Naomori (1684) · Sengoku Hisanao (1695-1719) · Shōda Yasutoshi (1699-1701) · Sakakibara Tadayuki (1836-1837) · Atobe Yoshisuke (1839-1841, 1855-1856) · Tōyama Kagemoto (1844) · Ido Hiromichi 1853-1855) · Tsutsui Masanori (1854-1857) · Ōkubo Tadahiro (1862) · Matsudaira Yasuhide (1864) · Nagai Naoyuki (1864-1865, 1865-1867) · Yamaoka Takayuki (1868) · Oda Nobushige (1868)
Metsuke ·
Kyoto Shugoshoku Matsudaira Katamori (1862-1864) · Matsudaira Yoshinaga (1864) · Matsudaira Katamori (1864-1867)
The several configurations of the Tokugawa shogunate's bureaucracy were changed according to perceived needs and conditions.Categories:- Government of feudal Japan
- Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate
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