Kawachi Province

Kawachi Province

, was established. With the downfall of Dōkyō, the prior system was restored the following year.

Capital

The provincial capital was in Shiki District, which is believed to have been at by Hosokawa Masamoto and Hatakeyama Yoshitoyo, but his son Hisayoshi was in Kishū attempting to recoup for another attack; finally, they succeeded in making a comeback as the shugo of Kawachi and Kishū, and Hisayoshis son Tanenaga ultimately managed to destroy Yoshihide of Yoshinaris line, once again consolidating the house of Hatakeyama. However, through all this, Kawachi had been the battleground, and had essentially been reduced to scorched earth.

engoku period

By the Sengoku period, the consolidated Kawachi was the asset of Hatakeyama Tanenaga, but the real power was imbued in the shugodai, a title that passed into the hands of Yusa Naganori: the shugo came to be reduced to a mere figurehead. Moreover, the "kanrei" house of Hosokawa continued to face internal strife; in addition to the Hosokawa inheritance dispute between Takakuni, Sumimoto, and Sumiyuki, the son of Sumimoto (the victor of that conflict) Harumoto attacked and overthrew the shugodai in Sakai who played an active role in the Hosokawa clans internal strife, Miyoshi Motonaga.

The bakufu, which was an asset for Harumoto, had been preserved, but Miyoshis son Nagayoshi proceeded to the capital from Awa; while he accepting a wife from the shugodai of Kawachi who had the "de facto" power (Yusa Naganori) and received other such favors of power, in subordination to Harumoto, but not in subordination to the wishes of Harumoto, he played an active role in such things as attacking Kizawa Nagamasa in Takaida (in modern Kashiwara, Osaka).

However, being in opposition later on, Nagayoshi would fight his grand-uncle in Harumotos faction, Miyoshi Masanaga, in dispute over Kawachi Nana Kasho at places like Enami Castle, going on to break down Harumotos controlled political power; the shogun was reduced to a figurehead and along with seizing the real power of the bakufu, he transferred the stronghold from Akutagawa Mountain Castle in Settsu to Iimori Mountain Castle in Kawachi (Shijōnawate, Osaka).

But even Nagayoshi had to pass away at the age of 42, and afterwards retainers were in conflict (the Miyoshi triumvirate and Matsunaga Hisahide), making a battleground of Kawachi and Yamato. The event that finally closed the period and these conflicts was Oda Nobunagas procession to the capital.

Azuchi-Momoyama period

Upon his ascension to the capital, Oda Nobunaga gave the task of governing the northern half of Kawachi to Miyoshi Yoshitsugu, and that of the southern half to Hatakeyama Akitaka (his son-in-law). However, they both fell in the conflicts around the Genki era, and control of Kawachi fell to Odas chief vassal Sakuma Nobumori. But even Nobumori would later be shunned and banished by Nobunaga.

Whe Oda died in the Incident at Honnō-ji, Hashiba Hideyoshi, who attacked Akechi Mitsuhide at the battle of Yamazaki, as a result of the Kiyosu Conference, came to control the province.

Hideyoshi came to rule all Japan, and when Osaka Castle was built, Wakae Castle, which had once been an important spot in Kawachi, became derelict.

After the death of Hideyoshi, the Battle of Sekigahara ensued, and Tokugawa Ieyasu became ruler of all Japan: the Seii Taishōgun; he opened his "bakufu", but as Kawachi was Toyotomi Hideyoris fiefdom, it was not entered into the "bakuhan taisei".

When Tokugawa Ieyasu and Toyotomi Hideyori had their showdown at the Siege of Osaka, Kawachi also became a battleground. This fight had a winter and a summer campaign, but since the winter campaign was a battle around Osaka Castle, Kawachi was not a war location then. The aspect of the summer campaign was completely turned about, and the outer moat of Osaka Castle was buried, leaving the castle exposed; the Osaka side judged a siege defense to be impossible, and intercepted Tokugawas side going from Kyoto to Osaka in the field. Therefore, fights occurred at various places in Kawachi, it being between Kyoto and Osaka. The primary battles that developed were the Battle of Dōmyōji (Gotō Matabee vs. Date Masamune, Matsudaira Tadateru, and Mizuno Katsunari; Sanada Yukimura, Kitagawa Nobukatsu, and Susukida Kanesuke vs. Date Masamune, Matsudaira Tadateru, and Mizuno Katsunari) and the battle of Yao and Wakae (Kimura Shigenari vs. Ii Naotaka; Chōsokabe Morichika vs. Tōdō Takatora).

Edo period

In the Edo period, Kawachi was dotted with tenryō as well as hatamoto. As for daimyo, there were only two: the Hōjō of Sayama Domain and the Takagi of Tannan Domain. In addition, the Inaba of Yodo Domain had many territories.

Districts

*Ishikawa District
*Nishigori District
*Furuichi District
*Asukabe District
*Ōgata District
*Takayasu District
*Kawachi District
*Chichira District
*Matta District
*Katano District
*Wakae District
*Shibukawa District
*Shiki District
*Tajihi District (Tanboku District, Tannan District, Yakami District)

Meiji era reorganization

*Kitakawachi Districton 1 April 1896, the Matta, Katano, and Sasara districts were integrated, making the former Kawachi Provinces northern portion a single district.
*Nakakawachi Districton 1 April 1896, the Tanboku, Takayasu, Ōgata, Kawachi, Wakae, and Shibukawa districts, along with part of Shiki District (Mikimoto Village) were integrated, making the former Kawachi Provinces central portion a single district.
*Minamikawachi Districton 1 April 1896, the Tannan, Asukabe, Furuichi, Yakami, Nishigori, and Ishikawa districts, along with part of Shiki District (all but Mikimoto Village) were integrated, making the former Kawachi Provinces southern portion a single district.


="Kokushi"=

*672, AugustKume
*708, AprilIshikawa no Iwatari
*724c. 749Kudara no Konikishi Kyōfuku (self-styled)
*746, AprilŌtomo no Koshibi (dismissed)
*760Yamato no Nagaoka
*769, NovemberFujiwara no Momokawa
*790, AprilŌtomo no Otomaro
*806, FebruaryKudara no Koniki Shikyōjin
*817, JulyFujiwara no Otsugu
*878, FebruaryAbe no Fusakami

"Shugo"

Kamakura "bakufu"

*1221–? – Miura Yoshimura
*?–1247Miura Yasumura
*1280–? – Hōjō Hisatoki
*?–1333someone from the Hōjō clan

Muromachi "bakufu"

*13361347Hosokawa Akiuji
*13471349 no Moroyasu
*13491351Hatakeyama Kunikiyo
*13521353 no Morihide
*13591360Hatakeyama Kunikiyo
*13691382Kusunoki Masanori
*13821406Hatakeyama Motokuni
*14061408Hatakeyama Mitsunori
*14081433Hatakeyama Mitsuie
*14331441Hatakeyama Mochikuni
*1441Hatakeyama Mochinaga
*14411455Hatakeyama Mochikuni
*14551460Hatakeyama Yoshinari
*14601467Hatakeyama Masanaga
*1467Hatakeyama Yoshinari
*14671493Hatakeyama Masanaga
*14931499Hatakeyama Yoshitoyo
*14991504Hatakeyama Yoshihide
*15041507Hosokawa Masamoto
*15071517Hatakeyama Hisayoshi
*15171534Hatakeyama Tanenaga
*15341538Hatakeyama Nagatsune
*15381542Hatakeyama Ariuji / Hatakeyama Masakuni
*15421545Hatakeyama Tanenaga
*1545Hatakeyama Haruhiro
*15451550Hatakeyama Masakuni
*15501560Hatakeyama Takamasa
*15681569Hatakeyama Takamasa
*15681573Miyoshi Yoshitsugu
*15691573Hatakeyama Akitaka

Kawachi figures

Though Kawachi was a very small province, many important people in ancient and medieval Japan had to do with the area and the decisive moments in Japanese history that took place there or around it.
*Mononobe no MoriyaFrom the Mononobe clan powerful in ancient times, he was part of the anti-Buddhist faction, and defeated by the allied forces of Soga no Umako and Prince Shōtoku.
*Kudara no Konikishi clanDescendants of the royal house of Baekje, and a noble family of ancient times based in Kawachi.
*Fujii clanAn ancient family originally from Korea based in Kawachi. Likely progenitors of Jing Zhencheng.:*Jing ZhenchengA student who studied abroad in Tang. His grave marker was discovered in the suburbs of Chang'an (modern Xian).
*Takamuko clanAn ancient noble family of Kawachi that produced many diplomats and statesmen such as Takamuko no Kuromaro.
*Kawachi ImojiA group of medieval metal-working experts based in Tannan District.
*Mizuhai clanBushi of Kawachi descended from a priest of Hiraoka Shrine (Kawachis ichinomiya), and descendants of the Hiraoka Muraji.
*Kawachi GenjiA branch of the warrior clan Minamoto. They were based in Kawachi, and at their peak controlled the eastern samurai.:*Minamoto no YorinobuThe commander who put down Taira no Tadatsune's Rebellion. Founder and leader of the Kawachi Genji.:*Minamoto no YoriyoshiThe commander who overcame the Abe clan in the Zenkunen War. Second-generation leader of the Kawachi Genji.:*Minamoto no YoshiieA commander in the Zenkunen and Gosannen wars. Third-generation leader of the Kawachi Genji.:*Minamoto no YoshitadaFourth son of Yoshiie, "kami" of Kawachi, fourth-generation leader of the Kawachi Genji. Assassinated by his uncle Minamoto no Yoshimitsu.:*Minamoto no YoshitokiSixth son of Yoshiie, defended the inherited land of the Minamoto clan. Progenitor of the Ishikawa clan, among others.
*Ishikawa clanA line derived from Yoshitokis third son Minamoto no Yoshimoto, taking its name from Ishikawa in Kawachi.
*Kawachi clanFamily name taken by Kawachi "kami" and such.
*Kusunoki clanA local family of Kawachi, offshoot of the Tachibana clan through being anti-Shogunist.:*Kusunoki MasashigeGeneral who fought against the Kamakura shogunate. For his loyalty towards the emperor, he earned the nameDainankō”.:*Kusunoki MasatsuraSon of Masashige. For succeeding his father in his efforts, he received the nameShōnankō”.:*Kusunoki MasanoriSuccessor of Masatsura.:*Kusunoki MasasueMasashiges younger brother. Commited suicide with his brother at the battle of Minatogawa.
*Kainoshō clanOffspring of Kusunoki Masasue; served the Hatakeyama and Tokugawa clans.
*Hatakeyama clanOffshoot of the Ashikaga clan, and one of the three Kanrei; a notable family that produced many Kawachi Province shugo.:*Hatakeyama MitsuieKawachi "shugo" and Muromachi shogunate kanrei.:*Hatakeyama MochikuniSon of Mitsuie; Kawachi "shugo" and Muromachi shogunate kanrei.:*Hatakeyama MasanagaNephew and adopted son of Mochikuni; Kawachi "shugo" and Muromachi shogunate kanrei. Died in dispute with the shogunate.:*Hatakeyama HisayoshiSon of Masanaga; Kawachi "shugo".:*Hatakeyama TanenagaSon of Hisayoshi; Kawachi "shugo" but puppet of "shugodai" Yusa Naganori.:*Hatakeyama TakamasaYounger brother of Tanenaga; Kawachi "shugo" and anti-Miyoshi vanguard.:*Hatakeyama AkitakaYounger brother of Tanenaga; followed in Takamasas footsteps but was defeated by the Yusa.:*Hatakeyama YoshinariTrue son of Mochikuni; Kawachi "shugo" and regarded as a great commander.:*Hatakeyama YoshitoyoSon of Yoshinari; though he defeated Masanaga in the Meiō Coup, he was defeated by Hisayoshi in a comeback.:*Hatakeyama YoshihideSon of Yoshitoyo.
*Hosokawa Katsumoto – "Shugo" of Settsu, Tanba, and Yamashiro among others. Also a "kanrei".
*Hosokawa MasamotoSon of Katsumoto and a "kanrei".:*Hosokawa SumimotoAdopted son of Masamoto.:*Hosokawa TakakuniAdopted son of Masamoto.:*Hosokawa SumiyukiAdopted son of Masamoto.
*Hosokawa HarumotoSon of Sumimoto; "kanrei". Political power collapsed when defeated by Miyoshi Nagayoshi.
*Hosokawa UjitsunaTakakunis orphan. Shouldered the anti-Harumoto faction.
*Yusa Naganori – "Shugodai" of Kawachi. Seized the real power of the Hatakeyama and reduced them to a Sengoku daimyō.
*Miyoshi clanSengoku daimyō. Originally the "shugo" of Awa Province; became the lords of Iimori Mountain Castle in Kawachi.:*Miyoshi NagayoshiHegemon; a commander that expanded power to Awa, Tosa, Iyo, Sanuki, Awaji, Harima, Settsu, Tanba, Yamashiro, Kawachi, and Yamato.:*Miyoshi YoshitsuguAfter the death of Nagayoshi, he inherited the family hardship, but the house of Miyoshi fell apart.:*Miyoshi YasunagaNagayoshis uncle. Lord of Takaya Castle.:*Miyoshi MasanagaGrand-uncle of Nagayoshi.:*Miyoshi triumvirateA triple alliance in the house of Miyoshi between Iwanari Tomomichi, Miyoshi Masayasu, and Miyoshi Nagayasu.
*Kizawa NagamasaA Sengoku daimyō who temporarily held Yamato and Kawachi.
*Toyotomi HideyoshiShogun and ruler of all Japan who succeeded Oda Nobunaga.
*Toyotomi HideyoriSon of Hideyoshi; supreme commander of the western army in the Siege of Osaka.
*Sanada YukimuraSecond son of Sanada Masayuki of the Shinshū Sanada. Took the Osaka side in the siege of Osaka and banished to Kudoyama.
*Gotō MototsuguCommander with long service; was a chief vassal of the Kuroda clan, but opposed Kuroda Nagamasa. On the Osaka side in the Siege of Osaka.
*Chōsokabe MorichikaFourth son of Chōsokabe Motochika; after his fathers death, he inherited the family responsibility and fought for the Toyotomi side at the Battle of Sekigahara and Siege of Osaka.
*Kimura ShigenariA young talent of the Toyotomi side in opposition to the bakufu.
*Iijima SaburōemonA peasant of Takaida in Kawachi Province who served Shigenari, he died in action at the Battle of Wakae.
*Yamaguchi HirosadaSon of Yamaguchi Munenaga; a subordinate commander for Shigenari, and husband of Shigenaris younger sister; the vanguard at the Battle of Wakae, where he died in the intense fighting.
*Yasui DōtonThe man who dug (and whose name graces) Dōtonbori; may have also been born in Kawachi.
*ShuntokumaruA man said to be from Takayasu District. The subject of various theatre productions.
*Naka JinbeeThe village headman who re-routed the Yamato River.

ee also

*List of Provinces of Japan
*Kami of KawachiThe "kokushi" of the province.
*Sayama DomainBelonged to the Hōjō (descendants of Hōjō Soun).
*Tannan DomainBelonged to the Takagi clan.
*Yodo DomainBelonged to the Inaba clan (into which Lady Kasuga was married).
*CottonKawachi cotton was popular from the early Edo period until before World War II; it was Kawachis top industry.


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