Hosokawa clan

Family name
name = Hosokawa


imagesize= 180px
caption= The spacious Japanese garden of Suizenji Jojuen, in Kumamoto City
pronunciation = Hosokawa
region = Japanese
origin = Japanese
related names = Nagaoka
footnotes = The nihongo|Hosokawa clan|細川氏|Hosokawa-shi was a Japanese samurai clan, descended from Emperor Seiwa (850-880) and a branch of the Minamoto clan, by the Ashikaga clan. It produced many prominent officials in the Ashikaga shogunate's administration. In the Edo period, the Hosokawa clan was one of the largest landholding daimyo families in Japan. In the present day, Morihiro Hosokawa, one of its descendants, has achieved notoriety through his tenure as Prime Minister of Japan.

Muromachi and Sengoku eras

Ashikaga Yoshisue, son of Ashikaga Yoshizane, was the first to take the name of Hosokawa. Hosokawa Yoriharu, a Hosokawa of the late Kamakura period, fought for the Ashikaga clan against the Kamakura shogunate. Another, Hosokawa Akiuji, helped establish the Ashikaga shogunate.

The clan wielded significant power over the course of the Muromachi (1336-1467), Sengoku (1467-1600), and Edo periods, moving, however, from Shikoku, to Kinai, and then to Kyūshū over the centuries.

The clan was also one of three families to dominate the post of Kanrei (Shogun's deputy), under the Ashikaga shogunate. One such individual was Hosokawa Yoriyuki. [Bodiford, "Sōtō Zen in Medieval Japan", p. 129.] At the beginning of the Ashikaga's rule, the Hosokawa were given control of the entirety of Shikoku. Over the course of this period, members of the Hosokawa clan were Constables ("shugo") of Awa, Awaji, Bitchu, Izumi, Sanuki, Settsu, Tamba, Tosa, and Yamashiro Provinces. A conflict between Hosokawa Katsumoto, the fifth Kanrei, and his father-in-law Yamana Sōzen, over the shogunate's succession, sparked the Ōnin War, which led to the fall of the shogunate and a period of 150 years of chaos and war, known as Sengoku. Following the fall of the Ashikaga shogunate, which was based in Kyoto, control of the city, and thus obstensibly the country, fell into the hands of the Hosokawa clan (who held the post of Kyoto Kanrei - Shogun's deputy in Kyoto) for a few generations.

Katsumoto's son, Hosokawa Masamoto, held power in this way at the end of the 15th century, but was assassinated in 1507. After his death, the clan became divided and was weakened by internecine fighting. What power they still had, however, was centered in and around Kyoto. This gave them the leverage to consolidate their power to some extent, and came to be strong rivals with the Ōuchi family, both politically, and in terms of dominating trade with China. [Bingham, "A History of Asia", p. 544.] The Hosokawa remained in Kyoto for roughly one hundred years, fleeing the city when it was attacked by Oda Nobunaga.

Edo era

The Hosokawa of Kokura (later Kumamoto) became the "main" line of the Hosokawa clan during the Edo period. Hosokawa Gracia, the wife of Hosokawa Tadaoki, was one of the most famous samurai converts to Christianity; she was also the daughter of Akechi Mitsuhide.

The Hosokawa sided with Ishida Mitsunari during the decisive Sekigahara Campaign, and thus were made "tozama" (outsider) daimyo under the Tokugawa shogunate. They were given Higo province, with an income of 540,000 "koku", as their "han" (fief).

Hosokawa Tadatoshi, the third lord of Kumamoto, was the patron of the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi. [Wilson, "The Lone Samurai", pp. 104-105.]

Though the Hosokawa domain was far from the capital, on Kyūshū, they were among the wealthiest of the daimyo. By 1750, Higo was one of the top producers of rice, and was in fact counted as a standard by the Osaka rice brokers. The domain suffered from serious economic decline after that, as most domains did, but Hosokawa Shigekata instituted a number of reforms which turned the situation around. He also founded a school, Seisei-kō, in 1755. [Motoyama, "Proliferating Talent", pp. 288-289.]

There were four major branches of the Hosokawa clan in the Edo period, each of which held the title of daimyo. Another two branches of the family, under the Nagaoka surname, served the Hosokawa of Kumamoto as "karō". The residence of one of those families, nihongo|Hosokawa Gyōbu　mansion|細川刑部邸|Hosokawa Gyōbu-tei, is still extant, and is a Tangible Culutral Property of Kumamoto Prefecture.

Boshin war

During the Boshin War of 1868-69, the Hosokawa of Kumamoto, Kumamoto-Shinden, and Udo sided with the imperial government. Its forces took part in the Battle of Aizu and the Battle of Hakodate, among others.

Meiji and beyond

Following the abolition of the feudal class in 1871, the Hosokawa clan and its branches were made part of the new nobility in the Meiji era. They were given the hereditary title of Marquis ("koshaku"); the title became obsolete in 1947. The present head of the main family line, Morihiro Hosokawa, former Prime Minister of Japan, is a descendant of the Hosokawa of Kumamoto.

Key Genealogies

Kumamoto [ [http://nekhet.ddo.jp/people/japan/hosokawa03.html "Hosokawa-shi (Higo Kumamoto hanshu-ke)"] (ret. 27 Sept. 2008)]
*Hosokawa Fujitaka (1534-1610)
*Hosokawa Tadaoki (1563-1645)
*Hosokawa Tadatoshi (1586-1641)
*Hosokawa Mitsunao (1619-1650)
*Hosokawa Tsunatoshi (1643-1714)
*Hosokawa Nobunori (1676-1732)
*Hosokawa Munetaka (1716-1747)
*Hosokawa Shigekata (1718-1785)
*Hosokawa Harutoshi (1758-1787)
*Hosokawa Narishige (1755-1835)
*Hosokawa Naritatsu (1797-1826)
*Hosokawa Narimori (1804-1860)
*Hosokawa Yoshikuni (1835-1876)-Last ruling Lord of Kumamoto; 1st Marquis of Kumamoto
*Hosokawa Morihisa, 2nd Marquis (1839-1893)
*Hosokawa Morishige, 3rd Marquis (1868-1914)
*Hosokawa Moritatsu, 4th Marquis (title obsolete in 1947) (1883-1970)
*Hosokawa Morisada, 5th Marquis (1912-2005)
*Morihiro Hosokawa, 6th Marquis (1938-)

Kumamoto-Shinden (Takase) [ [http://nekhet.ddo.jp/people/japan/hosokawa04.html "Hosokawa-shi (Higo Kumamoto-shinden hanshu-ke)"] (ret. 27 Sept. 2008)]
*Hosokawa Toshishige (1647-1687)
*Hosokawa Toshimasa (1672-1715)
*Hosokawa Toshiyasu (1701-1749)
*Hosokawa Toshihiro (1716-1767)
*Hosokawa Toshiyuki (1750-1781)
*Hosokawa Toshitsune (1754-1805)
*Hosokawa Toshikuni (1784-1810)
*Hosokawa Toshichika (1788-1844)
*Hosokawa Toshimochi (1808-1864)
*Hosokawa Toshinaga (1829-1901)
*Hosokawa Toshisuke

Udo [ [http://nekhet.ddo.jp/people/japan/hosokawa05.html "Hosokawa-shi (Higo Udo hanshu-ke)"] (ret. 27 Sept. 2008)]
*Hosokawa Yukitaka (1615-1645)
*Hosokawa Aritaka (1676-1733)
*Hosokawa Okinari (1699-1737)
*Hosokawa Okisato (1722-1745)
*Hosokawa Okinori (1723-1785)
*Hosokawa Tatsuhiro (1755-1835)
*Hosokawa Tatsuyuki (1784-1818)
*Hosokawa Tatsumasa (1804-1860)
*Hosokawa Yukika (1811-1876)
*Hosokawa Tatsunori (1832-1888)
*Hosokawa Yukizane (1842-1902)

Hitachi-Yatabe [ [http://nekhet.ddo.jp/people/japan/hosokawa06.html "Hosokawa-shi (Yatabe hanshu-ke)"] (ret. 27 Sept. 2008)]
*Hosokawa Okimoto (1564-1619)
*Hosokawa Okimasa (1604-1643)
*Hosokawa Okitaka (1632-1690)
*Hosokawa Okinaga (1658-1737)
*Hosokawa Okizane (1687-1728)
*Hosokawa Okitora (1710-1737)
*Hosokawa Okiharu (1737-1794)
*Hosokawa Okinori (1759-1837)
*Hosokawa Okitatsu (1798-1855)
*Hosokawa Okitsura (1832-1907)
*Hosokawa Okitsugu
*Hosokawa Okiharu

Notes

References

Japanese

English

*Bodiford, William (1993). "Sōtō Zen in Medieval Japan". Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
*Bingham, Woodbridge (1964). "A History of Asia". New York: Allyn and Bacon.
*Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
*Motoyama, Yukihiko (1997). "Proliferating Talent". Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
*Sansom, George (1961). "A History of Japan: 1334-1615." Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
*Sansom, George (1963). "A History of Japan: 1615-1867." Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
*Wilson, William S. (2004). "The Lone Samurai: The Life of Miyamoto Musashi". New York: Kodansha International.

ee also

*Matsui Okinaga
*Miyamoto Musashi
*Kumamoto Castle