Variegated Tinamou

Variegated Tinamou
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Tinamiformes
Family:	Tinamidae
Subfamily:	Tinaminae
Genus:	Crypturellus
Species:	C. variegatus
Binomial name
Crypturellus variegatus (Gmelin, 1789)[2]

The Variegated Tinamou, Crypturellus variegatus, a type of Tinamou commonly found in moist forest lowlands in subtropical and tropical regions of northern South America.^[3]

Etymology

Crypturellus is formed from three Latin or Greek words. kruptos meaning covered or hidden, oura meaning tail, and ellus meaning diminutive. Therefore Crypturellus means small hidden tail.^[4]

Taxonomy

The Variegated Tinamou is a monotypic species. ^[3] All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also Ratites. Unlike other Ratites, Tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and Tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.^[5]

Johann Friedrich Gmelin first identified the Variegated Tinamou from a specimen from Cayenne, French Guyana, in 1789.^[5]

Description

The Variegated Tinamou is approximately 29.5–33 cm (11.6–13 in) in length.^[5] Its upper back is rufous, and its lower back and wings are black with conspicuous yellowish bands. Its throat is white, and its neck and upper breast are bright rufous,^[5] with buff lower breast and belly. Also, its flanks are tinged with cinnamon and dusky light barring. Its crown and sides of head are black with a yellow bill, and greenish to yellowish-brown lesgs.

Behavior

Like other Tinamous, the Bartlett's eats fruit off the ground or low-lying bushes. They also eat small amounts of invertebrates, flower buds, tender leaves, seeds, and roots. The male incubates the eggs which may come from as many as 4 different females, and then will raise them until they are ready to be on their own, usually 2–3 weeks. The nest is located on the ground in dense brush or between raised root buttresses.^[5]

They have a call that consists of five tremulous evenly-pitched notes, sometimes with the notes merging into a trill. Although, the first note is always distinct and is descends.^[5]

Range and habitat

The Variegated Timamou lives in humid lowland forests^[6] with dense undergrowth^[5] in southern and eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Amazonian Brazil, eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador, and northern Bolivia.^[3] They prefer to an altitude of 100–1,300 m (330–4,300 ft).^[5][6]

Conservation

The IUCN lists this Tinamou as Least Concern,^[1] with an occurrence range of 5,400,000 km² (2,100,000 sq mi).^[6]

Footnotes

1. ^ ^{a b} BirdLife International (2008)
2. ^ Brand, S. (2008)
3. ^ ^{a b c} Clements, J (2007)
4. ^ Gotch, A. F. (1195)
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
6. ^ ^{a b c} BirdLife International (2008)(a)

References

• BirdLife International (2008). Crypturellus variegatus. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 09 Feb 2009.
• BirdLife International (2008(a)). "Variegated Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet". Data Zone. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=36&m=1. Retrieved 09 Feb 2009. 
• Brands, Sheila (August 14, 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Genus Crypturellus". Project: The Taxonomicon. http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/51327.htm. Retrieved Feb 09 2009. 
• Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6 ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978 0 8014 4501 9. 
• Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). "Tinamous". In Hutchins, Michael. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2 ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 57–59, 64. ISBN 0 7876 5784 0. 
• Gotch, A. F. (1995) [1979]. "Tinamous". Latin Names Explained. A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals. New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 183. ISBN 0 8160 3377 3. 

External links

• BirdLife Species Factsheet
• IUCN Red List
• Graphic-Medium Res;
• Article animaldiversity–"Tinamous"