Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo

Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo
Tibetan name
Tibetan:	འཇམ་དབྱངས་མཁྱེན་བརྩེའི་
Wylie transliteration:	'jam dbyangs mkhyen brtse'i dbang po
pronunciation in IPA:	[tɕamtɕaŋ cʰẽtse waŋpo]
official transcription (PRC):	Jamjang Kyênzê Wangbo
THDL:	Jamjang Khyentse Wangpo
other transcriptions:	Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo
Chinese name
traditional:	妙吉祥智悲自在
simplified:	妙吉祥智悲自在
Pinyin:	Miào Jíxiáng Zhìbēi Zìzài

Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820–1892), also known as Pema Ösal Do-ngak Lingpa, ^[1] was a renowned teacher, scholar and tertön of 19th century Tibet. He was a leading figure in the nonsectarian Rime movement.

Biography

Jamyang Khyentse was born in 1820 in the region of Yaru Khyungchen Drak in Dilgo in Derge, East Tibet. His father was Rinchen Namgyal, a secretary in Derge belonging to the Nyö clan, and a descendant of Drikung Changchub Lingpa. His mother Sönam Tso was a daughter of Gerab Nyerchen Göntse of the Sogmo family. [1]

At twelve, he was recognized by Thartse Khenchen Jampa Kunga Tendzin as the incarnation of Jampa Namkha Chimé, and was given the name Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo Kunga Tenpé Gyaltsen Palzangpo. At twenty-one, he received full ordination from Minling Khenchen Rigdzin Zangpo at Mindrolling Monastery. In all, he had more than one hundred and fifty teachers, who were masters from all four major Tibetan Buddhist schools — Sakya, Gelug, Kagyü and Nyingma — from the regions of Ü and Tsang, as well as eastern Tibet, including Minling Trichen Gyurme Sangye Kunga, Shechen Gyurme Thutob Namgyal, Sakyapa Dorje Rinchen and the khenpo brothers of Thartse, Ngorpa Thartsé Khenpo Jampa Kunga Tendzin (1776–1862) and Thartsé Pönlop Naljor Jampal Zangpo (b. 1789). [2]

In time, his fame spread throughout Tibet and he became known by the name of Pema Ösal Dongak Lingpa, and renowned as a holder of the seven special transmissions (ka bab dün).

Disciples

His many disciples included Jamgön Kongtrul, Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso, Dodrupchen Jikmé Tenpé Nyima, Chokgyur Lingpa, Tertön Sogyal and many other masters of the Nyingma school; the Sakya throneholder Tashi Rinchen, the fourth Zimwock Rinpoche of Nalendra monastery, many of the khenpos of Ngor and many other masters of the Sakya tradition; the fourteenth and fifteenth Gyalwa Karmapas, the tenth and eleventh Situ Rinpoches, Taklungma Rinpoche and other holders of the Kagyü teachings; Könchok Tenpa Rabgyé, the Nomihan of Drakyab, Lithang Khenchen Jampa Phuntsok, Horkhang Sar Gyalwa and other geshes of the Gelugpa tradition, and also followers of the Bön tradition.[3]

Reincarnations

Several reincarnations or emanations of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, including those of body (sku), speech (gsung), mind (thugs), qualities (yon tan) and activity ('phrin las), were recognized in Tibet.^[2] Of these, the body incarnation was Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö, who was originally enthroned at Kathok Monastery but took over Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo's main seat at Dzongsar Monastery when the main incarnation died in an accident c. 1909 ^[3]. The speech incarnation was Beru Khyentse Rinpoche and the mind incarnation was Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.

List of the immediate emanations of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo^[4]:

1. Dzongsar Khyentse Jamyang Chökyi Wangpo (1894?-1909) - (sku)
2. Beru or Palpung Khyentse, Karma Khyentse'i Ozer (1896–1945) - (gsung)
3. Sakya Punpo Khyentse (1900–1950) - (thugs)
4. Dilgo Khyentse Rabsal Dawa (1910–1991) - (thugs)
5. Se Phagchog Dorje (1854–1919) - (thugs)- a son of Togden Shakya Sri
6. Dzogchen Khyentse Guru Tsewang (c.1897-c.1945) - ?(yon tan)
7. Nangchen Khyentse Kunzang Drodul (1897-1946) - (yon tan)
8. Katog Khyentse Jamyang Chökyi Lodro (1893–1959) - ('phrin las) - later known as Dzongsar Khyentse Jamyang Chökyi Lodro

References

1. ^ "Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo". Rigpa Wiki. Rigpa Shedra. 2011-9-29. http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Jamyang_Khyentse_Wangpo. 
2. ^ Orgyen Tobgyal Rinpoche (1996)
3. ^ Smith (2001), p. 268
4. ^ details based on the chart in Smith (2001) p.268-9

Sources

• Dudjom Rinpoche; Dorje, Gyurme (trans.); Kapstein, Matthew (ed.) (1988), The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History, Wisdom Book Pub. Inc, ISBN 9995311402 
• Smith, E. Gene (2001), Among Tibetan Texts: History and Literature of the Himalayan Plateau, Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism, Sommerville MA: Wisdom Publications, ISBN 0861711793 
• Orgyen Tobgyal Rinpoche (1996), The Life of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, http://www.lotsawahouse.org/jkwbio.html, retrieved 2008-12-01 
• Tulku Thondup (1996), Masters of Meditation and Miracles, Shambhala, ISBN 1570621136 
• Cousens, Diana. The Visionary Lineages of Jamyang Khyente Wangpo

External links

• TBRC P258 mkhyen brtse'i dbang po
• Khyentse Foundation
• Lotsawa House - biographies and selected writings
• Rangjung Yeshe - brief biography
• Lineage History
• Life Story

Persondata
Name	Wangpo, Jamyang Khyentse
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1820
Place of birth
Date of death	1892
Place of death