Naval Air Station Squantum

Naval Air Station Squantum
Squantum during World War II
IATA: none – ICAO: none
Summary
Airport type		Military: Naval Air Station
Operator		United States Navy
Location		Quincy, Massachusetts, USA
In use		1917 and 1923-1953
Occupants		Navy, Marines, and Coast Guard
Elevation AMSL		6 ft / 2 m
Coordinates		42°17′47″N 071°01′52″W / 42.29639°N 71.03111°W / 42.29639; -71.03111
Runways
Direction	Length		Surface
	ft	m
14/32	4,090	1,247	Asphalt
2/20	2,500	762	Asphalt
8/26	3,087	941	Asphalt
Redeveloped

Naval Air Station Squantum was an active naval aviation facility during 1917 and from 1923 until 1953. The original civilian airfield that preceded it, the Harvard Aviation Field, dates back to 1910. The base was sited on Squantum Point in the city of Quincy, Massachusetts. It also abutted Dorchester Bay, Quincy Bay, and the Neponset River.

History

In 1910 The Harvard Aeronautical Society leased an undeveloped 500-acre (200 ha) parcel of marshland and upland located on the Squantum Peninsula from the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad and named it Harvard Aviation Field. They used the airfield to hold the 1910 and 1911 Harvard-Boston Aero Meets. In addition, other groups used the Harvard Aviation Field for the first Intercollegiate Glider Meet in 1911 as well as for the ill-fated 1912 Boston Air Meet.^[1][2][3][4]

The airfield location area on the Harvard 1910 meet posters was then given as Atlantic, Massachusetts and the railroad station nearest was also called Atlantic, which was nearest the Squantum peninsula. This station was just after the old Neponset station on the New Haven Railroad line (Old Colony Railroad branch)^[4][5] and right before the modern day Red Line North Quincy Station.^[6]

In 1915, after the lease expired with the Harvard Aeronautical Society, the New Haven Railroad rented the former Harvard Aviation Field to Harry M. Jones, who used the site to provide flight instruction. W. Starling Burgess also made occasional use of the former Harvard Aviation Field around this time for flight testing purposes and to provide flight instruction to buyers of his company's aircraft.

In 1916 the former Harvard Aviation Field was leased to the Sturtevant Aeroplane Company of Hyde Park in Boston for flight testing and flight instruction purposes.^[7] At the time, Sturtevant Company, which later in 1945 became part of Westinghouse, had been the first builder of airplane engines in Massachusetts, the first to produce all-metal fuselage planes for the US Navy and Army, and the only large scale aircraft manufacturer in the Boston area.^[8]

Early military usage of the airfield dates to the early months of America's involvement in World War I when the Massachusetts Naval Militia (a forerunner to the US Naval Reserve) built a small wooden seaplane hangar and pier on the Dorchester Bay shoreline adjacent to the former Harvard Aviation Field. Primary flight instruction was provided at the Massachusetts School for Naval Air Service, as the tiny seaplane base was originally called, to members of the Massachusetts Naval Militia who would subsequently go on to take advanced flight training at the Navy's flying school at Pensacola, Florida. In May 1917 the Navy took the seaplane base over and evicted the Sturtevant Aeroplane Company from the former Harvard Aviation Field as well. The Navy continued to use the U. S. Naval Air Station Squantum as a primary flight training facility until the end of September 1917 when all naval flight training activity was consolidated in areas of the country with better year-round flying weather.

Thereafter, much of land surrounding the former seaplane base and Harvard Aviation Field was taken over by the Navy Department for the construction of a new shipyard called the Victory Plant. The Victory Plant, which was owned by the government but operated by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, was designed specifically to mass-produce one type of ship, the Clemson-class destroyers. A total of 35 were built at the Victory Plant before the shipyard was closed on June 1, 1920.

During the summer of 1923 then-LT Richard E. Byrd, with the assistance of a group of volunteer Navy veterans of the First World War, helped found the NRAS (Naval Reserve Air Station) at Squantum Point using the disused First World War seaplane hangar, which had remained more-or-less intact after the Victory Plant shipyard was built. NRAS Squantum, which was commissioned on August 15, 1923, is considered to have been the first air base in the Naval Reserve program.^[9]

In 1927 a small civilian airfield, the Dennison Airport, was established at Squantum near the intersection of East Squantum Street and Quincy Shore Drive. Amelia Earhart when she lived in Medford, Massachusetts helped finance the construction of the Dennison Airport (she served as a share-holding director). She also flew on the first official flight out of the airport on September 3, 1927.^[10][11]

During October 1929 a small turf airfield was opened at NRAS Squantum. Up to this point, NRAS Squantum was a seaplane base only though occasional naval landplane operations were conducted using the airfield at the nearby Dennison Airport. In early 1930, possibly because of the addition of the airfield, Squantum was redesignated a Naval Reserve Air Base or NRAB.

OJ-2s and SBUs of VS-2R lined up for inspection, in 1938.

Throughout the 1930s decade NRAB Squantum was greatly improved and expanded. This was due in large part to the ingenuity of executive officer John J. Shea, a man who knew how to leverage and make the most out of volunteer labor, salvaged materials, and Depression-era public works programs like the WPA. The greatest expansion efforts on the base took place between 1939 and 1941 when, among other things, three "proper" paved runways were built and the old Victory Plant Shipyard buildings (many of which had been gutted during a previous fire) were razed. On March 5, 1941 the base at Squantum was redesignated a Naval Air Station or NAS.

During the Second World War NAS Squantum served as a maritime patrol and training base. Regular Navy squadrons VJ-4 and VS-1D1/VS-31 flew anti-submarine patrols over Massachusetts Bay and the Gulf of Maine using Grumman Ducks, Consolidated PBY Catalinas, Vought-Sikorski Kingfishers, Douglas Dauntlesses, and Curtiss Helldivers. In addition, the base provided elimintation and primary flight instruction for Naval Aviation Cadets as well as advanced training to Royal Navy torpedo and dive-bomber squadrons, and U.S. Navy fighter, torpedo, and dive-bomber squadrons.

After the war ended, NAS Squantum became an important component of the new Naval Air Reserve Training Command. The base served as the focus of Navy and Marine Corps reserve aviation training actitvity in New England until December 1953 when the reserve program was moved to nearby NAS South Weymouth and Squantum was closed.

"Modern" NAS Squantum had a couple of problems. First, its proximity to Boston's Logan International Airport resulted in increasing airspace conflicts in the postwar era. In fact, the Boston Logan Instrument Landing System was lined up almost perfectly with Runway 2 of Squantum. In one case, an Air France Lockheed Constellation bound for Boston actually landed at Squantum by mistake. The base's second problem was its short and landlocked (water locked?) runways. These were not long enough to support routine jet operations and because of the base's position on the Squantum peninsula they could not be lengthened. The 1946 and 1949 USGS topo maps labeled the property as “U.S. Naval Reservation”, but did not depict an airfield. The base's third problem was that it was old and that many of its facilities had been jury-built using scrap materials and re-used structures salvaged from the Victory Plant Shipyard during the depths of the Great Depression when funds were hard to come by. It was said of NAS Squantum in the January 1949 issue of Naval Aviation News that it "grew like topsy" and was more the result of having to make do with what was available instead of careful planning.

Closure

The location of the airport doomed it to be closed in 1953. Operations were moved to the nearby South Weymouth NAS. In 1957, the Navy transferred 5 acres (20,000 m²) to the Air Force for an electronic research annex, the Squantum Electronics Research Annex. By 1960, the site was labeled "Abandoned Airport."

Present-Day Usage

One of several informational plaques in Squantum Point Park, this one commemorating the Harvard-Boston Aero Meet of 1910

Today a marina sits on its northern end; the air station's main hangar was its main building into the 1990s. Boston Scientific is also located on the site. A 2,700-foot (820 m) portion of the primary northwest runway was opened to the public in 2001 as Squantum Point Park^[12]. Other than that, condominiums and other buildings forming the Marina Bay development dot the landscape of the former naval air station. A local veterans' organization, the Association of Naval Aviation Patriot Squadron, operates and maintains a small museum called the Shea Field Naval Aviation Historical Museum dedicated to preserving the heritage of NAS Squantum and NAS South Weymouth in the former Navy gymnasium (The Shea Fitness Center) located on CDR Shea Boulevard at former NAS South Weymouth (the SouthField Development) in Weymouth, Massachusetts.

Squadrons Based There

• VS-4 (Administratively assigned to Squantum but based in Boston)
• VF-11 (Administratively assigned to Squantum but based in Boston)
• VN-1RD1 (Formerly VS-4)
• VN-2RD1 (Formerly VF-11)
• VF-6MR
• SC-5MR
• VO-1MR (Formerly VF-6MR)
• SS-5MR (Formerly SC-5MR)
• VS-1R (Formerly VN-1RD1)
• VS-2R (Formerly VN-2RD1)
• VMS-1R (Formerly VO-1MR and SS-5MR combined)
• VJ-4 (Detachment of squadron based at NAS Norfolk, VA)
• VS-1D1 (Inshore Patrol squadron established at NAS Squantum)
• VR-1 (Detachment of squadron based at NAS Norfolk, VA)
• VS-31 (Formerly VS-1D1)
• SPU Cast (Supported various electronic systems projects)
• 848 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• 849 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• 850 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• 851 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• 852 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• 853 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• 854 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• 855 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• 856 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• 857 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm torpedo squadron)
• SPU Dove (Supported Project Dove infra-red guided anti-shipping bomb)
• 820 Squadron (Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm dive-bomber squadron)
• CASU-22-5 (Detachment of CASU based at NAS Quonset Point, RI)
• VF-45 (CAG-45)
• VT-45 (CAG-45)
• VF-48 (CAG-48)
• VT-48 (CAG-48)
• VT-89
• VF-21 (CAG-21)
• VT-21 (CAG-21)
• VT-151
• VF-39 (CAG-39)
• VT-39 (CAG-39)
• VT-44
• VF-29 (CAG-29)
• VT-29 (CAG-29)
• SPU Cadillac (Supported Project Cadillac AEW system)
• VJ-15 (Detachment of squadron based at NAS Quonset Point, RI)
• VF-723 (CVG-723)
• VBF-723 (CVG-723)
• VB-723 (CVG-723)
• VT-723 (CVG-723)
• VF-796 (CVEG-796)
• VT-796 (CVEG-796)
• VF-797 (CVEG-797)
• VT-797 (CVEG-797)
• VP-919
• VMF-217 (Marine Corps Reserve)
• CASU-713 (Reserve Carrier Aircraft Support Unit)
• VMF-235 (Marine Corps Reserve, activated for Korean War)
• VF-77A (CVG-77, formerly VF-723)
• VF-78A (CVG-77, formerly VBF-723)
• VA-77A (CVG-77, formerly VB-723)
• VA-78A (CVG-77, formerly VT-723)
• VF-56A (CVG-56, formerly VF-796)
• VA-56A (CVG-56, formerly VT-796)
• VF-57E (CVG-57, formerly VF-797)
• VA-57E (CVG-57, formerly VT-797)
• VP-ML-69 (Formerly VP-919)
• VR-57
• FASRON-71 (Reserve Fleet Aircraft Support Squadron, formerly CASU-713)
• FASRON-171 (Reserve Fleet Aircraft Support Squadron, formerly CASU-713)
• VR-59
• MGCIS-21 (Marine Corps Reserve Ground Control Intercept unit)
• VF-58L (CVLG-58)
• VA-58L (CVLG-58)
• AVUA-1 (Drilled at NAF Brunswick, ME)
• AVUA-2 (Drilled at New Bedford Airport in New Bedford, MA)
• AVUA-3 (Drilled at Barnes Airport in Westfield, MA)
• AVUA-4 (Transferred from NAF South Weymouth to NAS Squantum)
• AVUA-5 (CIC unit drilling at NAS Squantum)
• AWS-91 (Air Wing Staff 91)
• FASRON-911 (Formerly FASRON-71 and FASRON-171)
• VC-911 (Composite attack squadron)
• VC-912 (Composite anti-submarine warfare squadron)
• VC-913 (Composite anti-submarine warfare squadron)
• VF-911
• VF-912
• VF-913
• VF-914
• VF-915
• VF-916 (Activated for Korean War, became VF-83 then VFA-83)
• VF-917
• VP-911 (Formerly VP-ML-69)
• VR-911 (Formerly VR-57)
• VR-912 (Formerly VR-59)
• AVUA-6 (Drilled at NAS Squantum)
• ZP-911
• VA-911 (Formerly VC-911)
• VA-912
• VA-913
• VS-911
• VS-912 (Formerly VC-912)
• VS-913 (Formerly VC-913, activated for Korean War, became VS-39)
• AAU-911 (Formerly AVUA-2)
• AAU-912 (Formerly AVUA-3)
• AAU-913 (Formerly AVUA-4)
• AAU-914 (Formerly AVUA-5)
• AAU-915 (Formerly AVUA-6)
• AGU(L)-911 (Large auxiliary ground unit)
• VMF-322 (Replacement for VMF-235)
• HU-911

Famous people

• Amelia Earhart flew from and had financial interests in the airfield (Dennison Airport).
• Harriet Quimby and William A.P. Willard were killed there in a plane crash on July 1, 1912.

See also

• Quincy, Massachusetts
• Marina Bay

References

1. ^ Lenger, John, Features: Conquest of the Air: In aviation’s early days, Harvard pioneers advanced aeronautics and brought flight to the masses", Harvard Magazine, May-June 2003.
2. ^ Harvard Aeronautical Society: Records of the Harvard Aeronautical Society : an inventory, Harvard University Archives
3. ^ "Harvard-Boston Aero Meet", The Harvard Crimson, Monday, November 20, 1911
4. ^ ^{a b} Thayer, William Roscoe; Castle, William Richards; et al., The Harvard Graduates' Magazine, Harvard Graduates' Magazine Association, 1911, v.19 (1910-1911). Cf. "The Harvard Aviation Meet", pp. 196-199.
5. ^ Harvard University Archives, "Harvard-Boston Aero Meet 1910 poster. It says: Harvard-Boston Aero Meet, Harvard Aviation Field, Atlantic, Mass., September 3-13, 1910".
6. ^ O'Regan, Gerry, "MBTA Red Line: The South Shore Extension". "The new Old Colony main now crosses beside us on a bridge built in the 1990s. Beneath the northerly bridge approaches lies the site of the Old Colony's former Neponset Station. The view from this bridge is second only to that from the Longfellow, and includes many pleasure craft, a salt marsh, and the Boston Skyline in the background. We descend to a brief cut, passing under Quincy Shore Drive, and through the site of Atlantic Station on a southerly curve. Hancock St. passes overhead, and the route curves to the southeast again, passes through the scissors crossover at Interlocking 22, and enters North Quincy Station."
7. ^ Sturtevant Fan Company History
8. ^ Sturtevant Company World War I Aviation history
9. ^ "Squantum Twenty Years Old: Aviation site since 1911", Naval Aviation News, October 1943. Cf. p.9
10. ^ Chaisson, Stephanie, "Squantum has a hold on its residents", The Patriot Ledger newspaper, Quincy, Massachusetts, July 12, 2007
11. ^ Long, Marie K., Amelia Earhart: The Mystery Solved, Simon and Schuster, 2000. ISBN 0743202171. Confer page 38. "She had joined the Boston Chapter of the National Aeronautic Association and had somehow managed to find a few dollars to invest in Harold T. Dennison's new airport near Quincy, Massachusetts"
12. ^ "Squantum Point Park" - Massachusetts Department of Conservation & Recreation

• "NAS Squantum: The First Naval Air Reserve Base" by Marc J. Frattasio.

External links

• Harvard Aviation Field / Squantum Naval Air Station, Quincy, MA
• "Squantum NAS (Quincy Massachusetts)" - Google Earth
• "Naval Flying Fields in the USA" - Squantum entry
• "History of USAG Air Service" - mention of Squantum
• "Squantum Point Park" - Louisburg Square South Community website
• "NAS Squantum, Massachusetts History" - VP Navy website
• "VP Association" - VP Association website
• "Association of Naval Aviation Patriot Squadron" - Association of Naval Aviation Patriot Squadron website