TAF1

TAF1 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 250kDa
PDB rendering based on 1eqf.
Available structures PDB 1EQF, 3AAD
Identifiers
Symbols	TAF1; BA2R; CCG1; CCGS; DYT3; DYT3/TAF1; KAT4; N-TAF1; NSCL2; OF; P250; TAF2A; TAFII250; XDP
External IDs	OMIM: 313650 MGI: 1336878 HomoloGene: 37942 GeneCards: TAF1 Gene
EC number	2.7.11.1
Gene Ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • p53 binding • transcription coactivator activity • histone acetyltransferase activity • protein serine/threonine kinase activity • protein binding • ATP binding • transcription factor binding • kinase activity • transferase activity • TBP-class protein binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • transcription regulatory region DNA binding • histone acetyl-lysine binding Cellular component • nucleus • nucleoplasm • nucleoplasm • transcription factor TFIID complex • nucleolus • MLL1 complex Biological process • G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle • regulation of transcription involved in G2/M-phase of mitotic cell cycle • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter • response to DNA damage stimulus • cell cycle • gene expression • viral reproduction • histone acetylation • peptidyl-serine phosphorylation • peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation • positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process • interspecies interaction between organisms • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • protein autophosphorylation • protein autophosphorylation • RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly • positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6872	270627
Ensembl	ENSG00000147133	ENSMUSG00000031314
UniProt	P21675	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_004606.3	NM_001081008.1
RefSeq (protein)	NP_004597.2	NP_001074477.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr X: 70.59 – 70.75 Mb	Chr X: 98.73 – 98.8 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1, also known as transcription initiation factor TFIID 250 kDa subunit (TAFII-250) or TBP-associated factor 250 kDa (p250), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF1 gene.^[1][2]

Function

Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is the basal transcription factor TFIID, which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes the largest subunit of TFIID. This subunit binds to core promoter sequences encompassing the transcription start site. It also binds to activators and other transcriptional regulators, and these interactions affect the rate of transcription initiation. This subunit contains two independent protein kinase domains at the N and C-terminals, but also possesses acetyltransferase activity and can act as a ubiquitin-activating/conjugating enzyme. Two transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.^[1]

See also

• Transcription Factor II D

Interactions

TAF1 has been shown to interact with Casein kinase 2, alpha 1,^[3] TATA binding protein,^[4][5][6][7] Cyclin D1,^[8][9] Retinoblastoma protein,^{[9][10][4][11]} TAF7,^[12] GTF2F1^{[13][14][4][15]} and UBTF.^[16]

External Links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: TAF1 TAF1 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 250kDa". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6872. 
2. ^ Sekiguchi T, Yoshida MC, Sekiguchi M, Nishimoto T (April 1987). "Isolation of a human X chromosome-linked gene essential for progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle". Exp. Cell Res. 169 (2): 395–407. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(87)90200-X. PMID 3556424. 
3. ^ Allende-Vega, Nerea; McKenzie Lynsey, Meek David (Sep. 2008). "Transcription factor TAFII250 phosphorylates the acidic domain of Mdm2 through recruitment of protein kinase CK2". Mol. Cell. Biochem. (Netherlands) 316 (1–2): 99–106. doi:10.1007/s11010-008-9816-3. ISSN 0300-8177. PMID 18548200. 
4. ^ ^{a b c} Siegert, J L; Robbins P D (Jan. 1999). "Rb inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TATA-binding protein-associated factor TAFII250". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (1): 846–54. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 83941. PMID 9858607. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=83941. 
5. ^ Bellorini, M; Lee D K, Dantonel J C, Zemzoumi K, Roeder R G, Tora L, Mantovani R (Jun. 1997). "CCAAT binding NF-Y-TBP interactions: NF-YB and NF-YC require short domains adjacent to their histone fold motifs for association with TBP basic residues". Nucleic Acids Res. (ENGLAND) 25 (11): 2174–2181. doi:10.1093/nar/25.11.2174. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 146709. PMID 9153318. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=146709. 
6. ^ Ruppert, S; Wang E H, Tjian R (Mar. 1993). "Cloning and expression of human TAFII250: a TBP-associated factor implicated in cell-cycle regulation". Nature (ENGLAND) 362 (6416): 175–179. doi:10.1038/362175a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 7680771. 
7. ^ O'Brien, T; Tjian R (May. 1998). "Functional analysis of the human TAFII250 N-terminal kinase domain". Mol. Cell (UNITED STATES) 1 (6): 905–911. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80089-1. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 9660973. 
8. ^ Adnane, J; Shao Z, Robbins P D (Jan. 1999). "Cyclin D1 associates with the TBP-associated factor TAF(II)250 to regulate Sp1-mediated transcription". Oncogene (ENGLAND) 18 (1): 239–247. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202297. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9926939. 
9. ^ ^{a b} Siegert, J L; Rushton J J, Sellers W R, Kaelin W G, Robbins P D (Nov. 2000). "Cyclin D1 suppresses retinoblastoma protein-mediated inhibition of TAFII250 kinase activity". Oncogene (England) 19 (50): 5703–5711. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203966. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 11126356. 
10. ^ Shao, Z; Ruppert S, Robbins P D (Apr. 1995). "The retinoblastoma-susceptibility gene product binds directly to the human TATA-binding protein-associated factor TAFII250". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 92 (8): 3115–3119. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 42115. PMID 7724524. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=42115. 
11. ^ Shao, Z; Siegert J L, Ruppert S, Robbins P D (Jul. 1997). "Rb interacts with TAF(II)250/TFIID through multiple domains". Oncogene (ENGLAND) 15 (4): 385–392. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201204. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9242374. 
12. ^ Gegonne, A; Weissman J D, Singer D S (Oct. 2001). "TAFII55 binding to TAFII250 inhibits its acetyltransferase activity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 98 (22): 12432–12437. doi:10.1073/pnas.211444798. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 60071. PMID 11592977. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=60071. 
13. ^ Dikstein, R; Ruppert S, Tjian R (Mar. 1996). "TAFII250 is a bipartite protein kinase that phosphorylates the base transcription factor RAP74". Cell (UNITED STATES) 84 (5): 781–790. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81055-7. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 8625415. 
14. ^ Ruppert, S; Tjian R (Nov. 1995). "Human TAFII250 interacts with RAP74: implications for RNA polymerase II initiation". Genes Dev. (UNITED STATES) 9 (22): 2747–2755. doi:10.1101/gad.9.22.2747. ISSN 0890-9369. PMID 7590250. 
15. ^ Malik, S; Guermah M, Roeder R G (Mar. 1998). "A dynamic model for PC4 coactivator function in RNA polymerase II transcription". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 95 (5): 2192–2197. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2192. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 19292. PMID 9482861. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=19292. 
16. ^ Lin, Chih-Yin; Tuan JoAnn, Scalia Pierluigi, Bui Tiffany, Comai Lucio (Dec. 2002). "The cell cycle regulatory factor TAF1 stimulates ribosomal DNA transcription by binding to the activator UBF". Curr. Biol. (England) 12 (24): 2142–2146. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01389-1. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 12498690. 

Further reading

• Wassarman DA, Sauer F (2002). "TAF(II)250: a transcription toolbox". J. Cell. Sci. 114 (Pt 16): 2895–902. PMID 11686293. 
• Ha I, Lane WS, Reinberg D (1991). "Cloning of a human gene encoding the general transcription initiation factor IIB". Nature 352 (6337): 689–695. doi:10.1038/352689a0. PMID 1876184. 
• Sekiguchi T, Nohiro Y, Nakamura Y et al. (1991). "The human CCG1 gene, essential for progression of the G1 phase, encodes a 210-kilodalton nuclear DNA-binding protein". Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 (6): 3317–25. PMC 360184. PMID 2038334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=360184. 
• Sekiguchi T, Miyata T, Nishimoto T (1988). "Molecular cloning of the cDNA of human X chromosomal gene (CCG1) which complements the temperature-sensitive G1 mutants, tsBN462 and ts13, of the BHK cell line". EMBO J. 7 (6): 1683–7. PMC 457153. PMID 3169001. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=457153. 
• Sekiguchi T, Yoshida MC, Sekiguchi M, Nishimoto T (1987). "Isolation of a human X chromosome-linked gene essential for progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle". Exp. Cell Res. 169 (2): 395–407. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(87)90200-X. PMID 3556424. 
• Ruppert S, Tjian R (1995). "Human TAFII250 interacts with RAP74: implications for RNA polymerase II initiation". Genes Dev. 9 (22): 2747–2755. doi:10.1101/gad.9.22.2747. PMID 7590250. 
• Hisatake K, Ohta T, Takada R et al. (1995). "Evolutionary conservation of human TATA-binding-polypeptide-associated factors TAFII31 and TAFII80 and interactions of TAFII80 with other TAFs and with general transcription factors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (18): 8195–8199. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.18.8195. PMC 41123. PMID 7667268. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=41123. 
• Ruppert S, Wang EH, Tjian R (1993). "Cloning and expression of human TAFII250: a TBP-associated factor implicated in cell-cycle regulation". Nature 362 (6416): 175–179. doi:10.1038/362175a0. PMID 7680771. 
• Shao Z, Ruppert S, Robbins PD (1995). "The retinoblastoma-susceptibility gene product binds directly to the human TATA-binding protein-associated factor TAFII250". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (8): 3115–3119. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3115. PMC 42115. PMID 7724524. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=42115. 
• DeJong J, Bernstein R, Roeder RG (1995). "Human general transcription factor TFIIA: characterization of a cDNA encoding the small subunit and requirement for basal and activated transcription". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (8): 3313–3317. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.8.3313. PMC 42156. PMID 7724559. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=42156. 
• Thut CJ, Chen JL, Klemm R, Tjian R (1995). "p53 transcriptional activation mediated by coactivators TAFII40 and TAFII60". Science 267 (5194): 100–104. doi:10.1126/science.7809597. PMID 7809597. 
• Zhou Q, Sharp PA (1995). "Novel mechanism and factor for regulation by HIV-1 Tat". EMBO J. 14 (2): 321–8. PMC 398086. PMID 7835343. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=398086. 
• Parada CA, Yoon JB, Roeder RG (1995). "A novel LBP-1-mediated restriction of HIV-1 transcription at the level of elongation in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (5): 2274–2283. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.5.2274. PMID 7836461. 
• Jacq X, Brou C, Lutz Y et al. (1994). "Human TAFII30 is present in a distinct TFIID complex and is required for transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor". Cell 79 (1): 107–117. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90404-9. PMID 7923369. 
• Ou SH, Garcia-Martínez LF, Paulssen EJ, Gaynor RB (1994). "Role of flanking E box motifs in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TATA element function". J. Virol. 68 (11): 7188–99. PMC 237158. PMID 7933101. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=237158. 
• Sun X, Ma D, Sheldon M et al. (1994). "Reconstitution of human TFIIA activity from recombinant polypeptides: a role in TFIID-mediated transcription". Genes Dev. 8 (19): 2336–2348. doi:10.1101/gad.8.19.2336. PMID 7958900. 
• Metz R, Bannister AJ, Sutherland JA et al. (1994). "c-Fos-induced activation of a TATA-box-containing promoter involves direct contact with TATA-box-binding protein". Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (9): 6021–9. PMC 359128. PMID 8065335. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=359128. 
• Kashanchi F, Piras G, Radonovich MF et al. (1994). "Direct interaction of human TFIID with the HIV-1 transactivator tat". Nature 367 (6460): 295–299. doi:10.1038/367295a0. PMID 8121496. 
• Nakashima T, Sekiguchi T, Sunamoto H et al. (1994). "Structure of the human CCG1 gene: relationship between the exons/introns and functional domain/modules of the protein". Gene 141 (2): 193–200. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90570-3. PMID 8163188. 
• Ma D, Watanabe H, Mermelstein F et al. (1993). "Isolation of a cDNA encoding the largest subunit of TFIIA reveals functions important for activated transcription". Genes Dev. 7 (11): 2246–2257. doi:10.1101/gad.7.11.2246. PMID 8224850. 

External links

• FactorBook TAF1

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.