Nadvirna

Nadvirna
Coat of arms
Nadvirna Location of Nadvirna within Ukraine
Coordinates: 48°38′N 24°35′E / 48.633°N 24.583°E / 48.633; 24.583Coordinates: 48°38′N 24°35′E / 48.633°N 24.583°E / 48.633; 24.583
Country	Ukraine
Oblast (province)	Ivano-Frankivsk
Raion (district)	Nadvirna

Nadvirna (Ukrainian: Надвірна, Polish: Nadwórna; also referred to as Nadwirna or Nadvorna) is a city located in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in western Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Nadvirna Raion.

Until World War I, Nadvirna was integrated into the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in the province of Galicia. In the inter-war years, the borders changed and it was annexed by the Second Polish Republic. It was annexed into the Ukrainian SSR by the Soviets in 1939 after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact. Nadvirna was occupied by the Germans in 1941 during World War II. After the war it was once again absorbed into the Ukrainian SSR. Since its independence in 1991, the city has been part of Ukraine.

The town is located in a slightly hilly, verdant area twenty miles northeast of the Carpathian mountains. Major exports and raw materials from the town include salt, oil and petroleum products, and timber. The town was popular at the turn of the twentieth century as a summertime resort, with restaurants and hotels.

Main History

Evidence of the early settlement in the region around Nadvirna date back to 2000 B.C. Numerous finds of Bronze Age artifacts attest to a vibrant culture. The town was built around the Pnivsky castle. At the end of the 15th century the castle was built by the noble Kuropat family. The town is first mentioned in chronicles dating back to 1589 in an act describing an attack on the inhabitants by Tatars. In the second half of the 16th century the town received self governing status.

In the period of Halych, the town was situated on a major trading route and a taxation office was located there. The shield of the Kuropat family has been adopted fot use by the town of Nadvirna. After an attack by the Tartars, the Kuropat family built a more inaccessible fortress in 1589. In 1621. the Opryshky under the leadership of Hrynia Kardash had their base of operations close by. In 1648 the inhabitants took part in the Cossack insurrection under Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Soldiers from Nadvirna joined the forced of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in his drive to Lviv. In the 17th century the town became an important centre for the building professions and also an important centre for trade. Trade from Hungary to central Ukraine traveled through Nadvirna

In 1805, a court was set up in the town. In the 19th century the trades began to be replaced by factory manufacturing. One of the largest factories in Galicia for the construction of farm machinery was biuilt in 1843. These machines were demonstrated at the second world exhibition held in Vienna in 1844. In 1870 a match factory was built in the town. In 1886 deposits of oil were discovered locally. In 1893 a railway line was built to Stanislaviv. The first train traveled the line on October 21, 1894.

Nadvirna has a Greek-Catholic church and a Roman Catholic Cathedral in the name of the Trinity built in 1599. A Roman Catholic parish was formed in 1609.

In the 16-17th centuries most of the population of 2233 was illiterate. In the 18th century a school was built with a German and Jewish curriculum servicing 100 students.

In 1929, Volodymyr Luciv (Ukrainian: Володимир Луців) was Born. He grew up to be a world wide famous Bandurist and tenor. He now resides in London.

Jewish population

Nadvirna once had a large Jewish population, whose recorded history in the city dates from at least 1765. The city is still known for its Hasidic dynasty and rabbinical families, many of whom now live in Israel.

In 1880, a census showed that there were 6,552 people living in Nadvirna, of whom 4,182 (64%) were Jewish. But by 1890, there were 7,227 inhabitants, 3,618 (50%) of them Jewish, and by 1921, there were 6,062 inhabitants, 2,042 (34%) of them Jewish. By 1942 all but a very few of the Nadvirna Jews had been murdered in the Holocaust, some in ghettos created in the city, but many killed in the Belzec concentration camp.

There is a memorial to the victims of the Holocaust from Nadvirna in the Baron Hirsch Cemetery Staten Island, New York where the Nadworna landsmanshaft has a section. A photo can be found here.^[1]

The emblematic blue box of the Jewish National Fund was invented by a bank clerk from Nadvirna named Haim Kleinman. Kleinman visited Israel in the 1930s and planned to make aliyah, but died in the Holocaust.^[2]

Jewish genealogical records

As of late 2006, the following vital records of the town's former Jewish community were known to have survived, and were available for genealogical research:

• Birth records: early 1850 - late 1865 - stored at the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, in Lviv, Ukraine
• Birth records: 1866-1897; 1903 - stored at the Central Archives of Historical Records (a.k.a. AGAD), in Warsaw, Poland
• Birth records: 1898-1938 - stored at Urzad Stanu Cywilnego, Warszawie Archiwum (a.k.a. the Warsaw USC Office), in Warsaw, Poland
• Marriage records: 1890-1939; 1942 - stored at Urzad Stanu Cywilnego, Warszawie Archiwum (a.k.a. the Warsaw USC Office), in Warsaw, Poland
• Death records: 1868-1892 - stored at the Central Archives of Historical Records (a.k.a. AGAD), in Warsaw, Poland
• Death records: 1893-1940; 1942 - stored at Urzad Stanu Cywilnego, Warszawie Archiwum (a.k.a. the Warsaw USC Office), in Warsaw, Poland
• Kehilla (Jewish community) records: 1924-1939 - stored at the State Archive of Ivano-Frankovsk Oblast, in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
• Kehilla (Jewish community) records: 1933-1935 (Registry of local Zionist organization) - stored at the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, in Lviv, Ukraine
• Holocaust records: 1941-1944 - stored at the State Archive of Ivano-Frankovsk Oblast, in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
• Property records: 1785-1788; 1819-1820; 1847-1879 - stored at the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, in Lviv, Ukraine
• Police and KGB records: 1920-1932 - stored at the State Archive of Ivano-Frankovsk Oblast, in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

This is only a partial list of available records, and it only references records from the actual town of Nadvirna proper. There are also records available from the "Nadworna Poviat", which is the larger administrative district that included several smaller local villages.

Note that records less than 100 years old stored in Poland—which in this case means either AGAD or the Warsaw USC office—are not open to the public due to strict Polish privacy laws. This does not affect records stored in Ukraine.

Some of these vital records, particularly the ones stored at AGAD in Warsaw, have been microfilmed by the Mormons (LDS Church) and the microfilms are available to research at their Family History Centers, free of charge.

People from Nadvirna

• Manfred Joshua Sakel, Polish neurophysiologist, psychiatrist
• Volodymyr Luciv Ukrainian bandurist and professional singer
• Mariyka Pidhiryanka Ukrainian poet
• Abraham David ben Asher Anshel Buczacz, rabbi
• Mordechai of Nadvorna, rabbi

Location

Local orientation

Regional orientation

Twin cities

• Krnov, Moravian–Silesian Region, Czechia
• Prudnik, Opole Voivodship, Poland

External links

• Detailed topographical map (in Russian) of Nadvirna and its surrounding towns
• Shtetl Nadworna - includes names of many immigrants from Nadvirna to the United States through benevolent societies and cemetery records
• Short history of Nadvirna from the Simon Wiesenthal Center
• Selected translations from the Nadvirna Yizkor (memorial) book describing everyday life
• History of the city, including a detailed timeline of the Holocaust against its Jews
• Jewish history and Photographs of Jewish sites in Nadvirna in Jewish History in Galicia and Bukovina

See also

• Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)

References

1. ^ http://www.museumoffamilyhistory.com/hm-nadvirna-bh.htm
2. ^ Moshe Kol-Kalman, The Blue Box, The Israel Philatelist, June 2009, Vol LX, No. 3, p. 116-7.