- Dekulakization
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Holodomor topics Historical background Famines in Russia and USSR · Soviet famine of 1932–1933 Soviet government Institutions: All-Union Communist Party (Bolshevik) · Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine · Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic · Government of the Soviet Union · Secret police
Policies:
First Five-Year Plan · Collectivization in the Ukrainian SSR · Dekulakization · Law of Spikelets · Reversal of Ukrainization policies · Propaganda in the Soviet UnionResponsible parties Soviet Union: Joseph Stalin · Vyacheslav Molotov · Lazar Kaganovich · Pavel Postyshev · Stanislav Kosior · Vlas Chubar · Communist Party · NKVD ·
Investigation and comprehension 1984 International Commission · 1985 USA Commission · Causes of the Holodomor · Denial · Genocide question · Holodomor in modern politics Further information: Collectivization in the Ukrainian SSR, HolodomorDekulakization (Russian: раскулачивание, raskulachivanie, Ukrainian: розкуркулення, rozkurkulennia) was the Soviet campaign of political repressions, including arrests, deportations, and executions of millions of the better-off peasants and their families in 1929-1932. The richer peasants were labeled kulaks and considered class enemies. More than 1.8 million peasants were deported in 1930-1931.[1][2] [3] The stated purpose of the campaign was to fight the counter-revolution and build socialism in the countryside. This policy was accomplished simultaneously with collectivization in the USSR and effectively brought all agriculture and peasants in the Soviet Russia under state control.
The "liquidation of the kulaks as a class" was announced by Stalin on 27 December 1929.[1] Stalin had said that "Now we have the opportunity to carry out a resolute offensive against the kulaks, break their resistance, eliminate them as a class and replace their production with the production of kolkhozes and sovkhozes."[4] The decision was formalized in a resolution "On measures for the elimination of kulak households in districts of comprehensive collectivization" on January 30, 1930. All kulaks were divided into three categories: (I) to be shot or imprisoned as decided by the local secret political police; (II) to be sent to Siberia, North, the Urals or Kazahstan, after confiscation of their property; and (III) to be evicted from their houses and used in labour colonies within their own districts.[1] OGPU secret police chief, Efim Georgievich Evdokimov, (1891-1939) organized and supervised the roundup of peasants and the mass executions.
A combination of dekulakization, collectivization, and other repressive policies led to mass starvation in many parts of the Soviet Union and the death of at least 14.5 million peasants in 1930-1937, including 5 million who died in Ukraine during the Holodomor.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d Robert Conquest (1986) The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505180-7.
- ^ Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7
- ^ Lynne Viola The Unknown Gulag. The Lost World of Stalin's Special Settlements Oxford University Press 2007, hardback, 320 pages ISBN 9780195187694 ISBN 0195187695
- ^ Stalin, a biography by Robert Service, page 266
See also
- Red Terror
- Decossackization
- Population transfer in the Soviet Union
- Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union
Categories:- Political repression in the Soviet Union
- Human rights abuses
- Holodomor
- Soviet phraseology
- Soviet Union stubs
- Russian history stubs
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