- IMAM Ro.43
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Ro.43 
Ro.43 seaplane Role Reconnaissance Manufacturer IMAM First flight 19 November 1934 Introduction 1935 Primary user Regia Marina Number built 200-240 The IMAM Ro.43 was an Italian reconnaissance single bay seaplane, serving in the Regia Marina between 1935 and 1943. Although produced in quantity, it proved never to be really suitable for its intended role as a spotter plane for warships, and although 105 remained in service when Italy entered World War II, they were already obsolete.
Contents
Design and development
The Ro.43 was designed to meet a 1933 requirement of the Regia Marina (or Italian Navy), for a catapult launched reconnaissance aircraft to equip the Maritime Reconnaissance Squadrons operating from its ships. The specifiation called for a speed of 240 km/h (149 mph), with a range of 600 km (370 mi) or an endurance of 5.5 h. Other contenders were the Piaggio P.18 and P.20, CSAMA MF.10, CANT Z.504 and Macchi C.76.
Derived from the Ro.37 Lince reconnaissance aircraft,[1] with the same designer, the Ro.43 first flew in 1934. The plane was built with steel tubes and wood covered by a soft alloy and fabric.[2] It was a two-seat biplane with folding gulled upper and inverse gull lower wings,[3] lightly armed and capable of around 300 km/h (185 mph) and over 1000 km (620 mi) range. This performance more than met the requirements of the specification, and so the seaplane made by IMAM was declared the winner.
Despite this, the Ro.43 had serious problems. Its lightweight structure meant that it was too delicate for buoyancy at sea, and it had poor sea-handling qualities. These problems meant that when it was launched it was quite normal not to recover it at sea, forcing the aircraft to return to land before alighting.
Operational history
The aircraft's good endurance meant that the seaplanes could still be useful in the constrained Mediterranean. Six Ro.43 launched from light cruisers played a role in spotting the British fleet during the battle of Calabria, in the opening rounds of the war.[4] One of them, departing from the cruiser Eugenio di Savoia, kept visual contact with the battleship HMS Warspite during the exchange of fire between the British capital ship and the Italian battleship Giulio Cesare before being chased off by a Sea Gladiator from the carrier HMS Eagle.[5]
Near the end of 1940, a lone Ro.43 launched by the heavy cruiser Bolzano was the first to spot the British fleet at the beginning of the battle of Cape Spartivento, at 9:45[6] while the seaplane of Gorizia located the British convoy at 11:45.[7] British Skuas from the carrier HMS Ark Royal claimed to have shot down one of the seaplanes after a fruitless bombing on the Italian fleet, purportedly from the battleship Vittorio Veneto.[8] The performance of the Ro.43s in this battle was eulogized by the Italian supreme command.[9] Another Ro.43 launched by Vittorio Veneto pinpointed the British cruiser squadron at 6:35 during the engagement near Gavdos island, the prelude of the Battle of Matapan, on 28 March 1941.[10]
A cruiser-borne Ro.43 signaled the presence of the British convoy by dropping flares during the Second Battle of Sirte,[11] while another seaplane from the battleship Littorio directed the fire of the Italian fleet on the British squadron[12] before disengaging at 17:24.[13]
The Ro.43s continued to take part in shipborne operations as late as June 1942, during the Italian cruiser attack on the Harpoon convoy.[14] One of the Italian seaplanes was shot down by a Bristol Beaufighter from Malta in the course of this action.[15]
One hundred five aircraft were in service at the start of World War II, more than enough to equip the major surface units of the Italian Navy, but soon a better aircraft was requested, possibly a navalized fighter. This resulted in a small series being built of a naval version of the Reggiane Re.2000 that could be catapulted but was not fitted with floats so had to either return to a land base or ditch, in a similar fashion to the Hawker Hurricanes operated by British CAM ships. The best feature were the folding wings, but even so the maximum carried on board was usually two. This, together with the modest possibilities of recovery and the lack of experience with naval aviation (even though the Italian Navy possessed a seaplane carrier, the Aeronautica Militare Italiana at Vigna di Valle.
Operators
Specifications (Ro.43)
Data from Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft[16]
General characteristics
- Crew: Two
- Length: 9.71 m (31 ft 10 in)
- Wingspan: 11.57 m (37 ft 11 in)
- Height: 3.51 m (11 ft 6 in)
- Wing area: 33.36 m² (358 ft²)
- Loaded weight: 2,400 kg (5,300 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × Piaggio P.XR 9-cylinder radial engine, 522 kW (700 hp)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 300 km/h (162 knots, 186 mph) at 2,500 m (8,200 ft)
- Range: 1,500 km (590 nm, 678 mi)
- Service ceiling: 6,600 m (21,600 ft)
Armament
- 2 × 7.7 mm machine guns
Newsreel clip
An Italian newsreel footage of a Ro.43 launching from a catapult aboard the Italian light cruiser Eugenio di Savoia can be viewed at YouTube as I.M.A.M Ro 43 Hidroavion Catapultable Regia Marina.
References
- ^ Angelucci 1981, p.323
- ^ Meridionali RO.43
- ^ "Mussolini's Maid of All Work: the IMAM Ro 37 and Its Derivatives". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927033750/http://worldatwar.net/chandelle/v4/v4n1-2/ro37.html. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
- ^ Green, Jack & Massignani, Alessandro (1998). The Naval War in the Mediterranean, 1940-1943, Chatam Publishing, London, p. 70. ISBN 1885119615
- ^ Action off Calabria - The battleships enter the fight
- ^ Shores, Christopher and Brian Cull with Nicola Malizia (1991).Malta: The Spitfire Year, 1942. Grub Street, London, p. 93. ISBN 094881716X
- ^ Battaglia di Capo Teulada - Verso lo scontro (Italian)
- ^ Mattesini, Francesco (2000). La battaglia di Capo Teulada: 27-28 novembre 1940. Ufficio storico della Marina Militare, p. 163. (Italian)
- ^ Sadkovich, James (1994). The Italian Navy in World War II, Greenwood Press, Westport, p. 98. ISBN 031328797X
- ^ Methidis, Alexis (2008). Air War Over Greece and Albania 1949-1941. Ravi Rikhye, p. 58. ISBN 0977607267
- ^ Woodman, Richard (2000). Malta Convoys. John Murray Ltd., p. 298. ISBN 0719557534
- ^ Shores, Cull and Malizia, p.140
- ^ Andó and Bagnasco, p. 201
- ^ Rivista aeronautica, Volume 62, p. 112. Ministero dell'aeronautica, 1986 (Italian)
- ^ Shores, Cull and Malizia, p. 337
- ^ Jackson, Robert, The Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, Parragon, 2002. ISBN 0-75258-130-9
- Andó, Elio and Bagnasco, Erminio (1977). Navi e marinai italiani nella seconda guerra mondiale. Albertelli, Roma. (Italian)
- Angelucci, Enzo (ed.). World Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft. London:Jane's. 1981. ISBN 0 7106 0148 4.
- Lembo, Daniele Officine Meccaniche Meridionali, Aerei nella storia magazione, Delta editions, Parma, oct-nov 2003 (Italian)
External links
- (Italian) Imam Ro 43
- (Italian) La scheda sul Ro.43 dell'Aeronautica Italiana.
Aircraft produced by OFM, Romeo and IMAM Lists relating to aviation General Aircraft (manufacturers) · Aircraft engines (manufacturers) · Airlines (defunct) · Airports · Civil authorities · Museums · Registration prefixes · Rotorcraft (manufacturers) · TimelineMilitary Accidents/incidents Records Categories:- Italian military reconnaissance aircraft 1930–1939
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