Thio-

Thio-
This article is about the prefix in organic chemistry. For the town in New Caledonia, see Thio, New Caledonia.

The prefix thio-, when applied to a chemical, such as an ion, means that an oxygen atom in the compound has been replaced by a sulfur atom. This meaning is especially valid in organic chemistry. For example, the word ether refers to an oxygen-containing compound having the general chemical structure R-O-R', where R and R' are organic radicals and O is an oxygen atom. Thioether refers to an analogous compound with the general structure R-S-R' where S is a sulfur atom covalently bonded to two organic radicals [1]. A chemical reaction involving the replacement of oxygen to sulfur is called thionation or thiation.

Thio- can be prefixed with di- and tri- in chemical nomenclature.

The word derives from Greek θειον = "sulfur" (which occurs in Greek epic poetry as θειον and may come from the same root as Latin fumus (Indo-European dh-w) and may have originally meant "fumigation substance".)

See also

v · d · eOrganic Chemistry Affixes
Carbon-based
-ane (alkane) · -ene (alkene) · -ine (unsaturated hydrocarbon) · -yne (alkyne) · alk- (saturated hydrocarbon) · ar- (aromatic)
Oxygen-based
Nitrogen-based
-ine (alkaloid) · aza- (N replaces C)
Sulfur-based
thio- (S replaces O)
Counting axial atoms
meth- (1)  · eth- (2)  · prop- (3)  · but- (4)  · (and the rest are ordinary Greek/Latin numbers)
Other
-ase (enzyme)  · -yl (radical) · nor- (no residues)


References

  1. ^ March, Jerry (1985), Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (3rd ed.), New York: Wiley, ISBN 0-471-85472-7 

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  • -thio — thio·ic; …   English syllables

  • thio — thio·acetal; thio·acetic; thio·alcohol; thio·aldehyde; thio·amide; thio·antimonate; thio·an·ti·mo·nite; thio·arsenate; thio·arsenite; thio·bacillus; thio·bacteriaceae; thio·bacteriales; thio·bacterium; thio·carbamide; thio·carbamoyl;… …   English syllables

  • thio... — thio…, Thio… 〈in Zus.〉 schwefel…, Schwefel… [Etym.: <grch. theion »Schwefel, Schwefelgeruch«] …   Lexikalische Deutsches Wörterbuch

  • Thio... — thio…, Thio… 〈in Zus.〉 schwefel…, Schwefel… [Etym.: <grch. theion »Schwefel, Schwefelgeruch«] …   Lexikalische Deutsches Wörterbuch

  • Thio- — Thi o [Gr. ? brimstone, sulphur.] (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of sulphur. See {Sulpho }. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Thio — (von griechisch theion ‚Schwefel‘)[1] ist ein Präfix, der bei chemischen Verbindungen verwendet wird, in denen Sauerstoff durch Schwefel ersetzt wurde. Dies ist sehr häufig möglich, da Schwefel eine sehr ähnliche Elektronenkonfiguration wie… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Thio... — Thio... (eigentlich Theio..., s.d., v. gr.), Schwefel …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • thio — thī ō adj relating to or containing sulfur esp. in place of oxygen …   Medical dictionary

  • thio- — [thī′ō, thī′ə] [< Gr theion, brimstone, sulfur, ult. < IE * dhwes < base * dheu , to smoke, fume > DULL] combining form sulfur: used in many chemical terms to indicate the replacement of oxygen by divalent sulfur [thiourea] …   English World dictionary

  • Thio — 21° 37′ S 166° 13′ E / 21.62, 166.22 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • thio- — thi(o) ♦ Élément, du gr. theion « soufre ». ⇒THI(O) , (THI , THIO )élém. formant Élém. tiré du gr. « soufre ». A. CHIM. [Thi(o) indique le remplacement d un atome d oxygène par un atome de soufre bivalent négatif et plus gén. la présence d un… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

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