Colleen Moore

Colleen Moore
Colleen Moore in 1920
Born	Kathleen Morrison August 19, 1899(1899-08-19) Port Huron, Michigan, U.S.
Died	January 25, 1988(1988-01-25) (aged 88) Paso Robles, California, U.S.
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1916–34
Spouse	John McCormick (1923–30) Albert P. Scott (1932–34) Homer P. Hargrave (1937–64) Paul Magenot (1983–88)

Colleen Moore (August 19, 1899 – January 25, 1988) was an American film actress, and one of the most fashionable stars of the silent film era.

Early life

Portrait of Moore from her First Communion in Tampa, Florida in May 1911

Born Kathleen Morrison on August 19, 1899 (some sources state 1902)^[1] in Port Huron, Michigan, Miss Moore was the eldest child of Charles R. and Agnes Morrison. The family remained in Port Huron during the early years of Moore's life, at first living with her grandmother Mary Kelly (often spelled Kelley) and then with at least one of Moore's aunts.^[2]

By 1905 the family had moved to Hillsdale, Michigan where they remained for over two years. They had relocated to Atlanta, Georgia by 1908. They are listed at three different addresses during their stay in Atlanta (From the Atlanta-Fulton Public Library city directories): 301 Capitol Avenue −1908; 41 Linden Avenue – 1909; 240 N. Jackson Street – 1910. They then lived briefly—probably less than a year—in Warren, Pennsylvania, and by 1911 they had settled down in Tampa, Florida.

Two great passions of young Moore's were dolls and movies; each would play a great role in her later life. She and her brother began their own stock company, reputedly performing on a stage created from a piano packing crate. She admired the faces she saw on the silver screen and on magazine covers. She had resolved at a young age that she would be not only an actress, but a star. Her aunts, who doted on her, indulged her other great passion and often bought her miniature furniture on their many trips, with which she furnished the first of a succession of doll houses.

The family summered in Chicago, where Moore enjoyed baseball and the company of her Aunt Lib (Elizabeth, who changed her name to "Liberty", Lib for short) and Lib's husband Walter Howey. Howey was the managing editor of the Chicago Examiner and an important newspaper editor in the publishing empire of William Randolph Hearst, and was the inspiration for Walter Burns, the fictional Chicago newspaper editor in the play and the film The Front Page.^[3]

Career

Early years

At the time, Chicago was the center of the motion picture industry in America. Essanay Studios was within walking distance of the Northwestern L, which ran right past the Howey residence (they occupied at least two residences between 1910 and 1916: 4161 Sheridan and 4942 Sheridan). In interviews later in her silent film career, Moore claimed she had appeared in the background of several Essanay films, usually as a face in a crowd. One story has it she had gotten into the Essanay studios and waited in line to be an extra with Helen Ferguson: in an interview with Kevin Brownlow many years later Ferguson told a story that substantially confirmed many details of the claim, though it is not certain if she was referring to Moore's stints as a background extra (if she really was one) or to her film test there prior to her departure for Hollywood in November 1917.

Film Producer D.W. Griffith was in debt to Howey, who had helped him to get both The Birth of a Nation and Intolerance through the Chicago censorship board.^[4]

"I was being sent to Hollywood - not because anybody out there thought I was any good, but simply to pay off a favor".^[5]

Portrait of Colleen Moore by Los Angeles photographer Evans, photographed in 1918 in the early stages of her career

The contract to Griffith's Triangle-Fine Arts was conditional on passing a film test to ensure that her heterochromia (she had one brown eye, one blue eye) would not be a distraction in close-up shots. Her eyes passed the test, so she left for Hollywood with her grandmother and her mother as chaperones. Moore made her first credited film appearance in 1917 in The Bad Boy for Triangle Fine Arts, and for the next few years appeared in small, supporting roles^[6] gradually attracting the attention of the public.

The Bad Boy was released on February 18, and featured Robert Harron, Richard Cummings, Josephine Crowell, and Mildred Harris (who would later become Charles Chaplin's first wife). Two months later it was followed by An Old Fashioned Young Man, again with Robert Harron. Moore’s third film was Hands Up! filmed in part in the vicinity of the Seven Oaks (a popular location for productions that required dramatic vistas). This was her first true western. The film’s scenario was written by Wilfred Lucas from a story by Al Jennings, the famous outlaw who had been freed from jail by presidential pardon by Theodore Roosevelt in 1907. Monte Blue was in the cast and noticed Moore could not mount her horse, though horseback riding was required for the part (during casting for the part she neglected to mention she did not know how to ride.) Blue gave her a quick lesson essentially consisting of how to mount the horse and how to hold on for dear life. He also suggested she go out and get lessons. In a climactic scene she was locked in a closet and was able to scream her head off for the camera.

On May 3, 1917, the Chicago Daily Tribune said: "Colleen Moore contributes some remarkable bits of acting. She is very sweet as she goes trustingly to her bandit hero, and, O, so pitiful, when finally realizing the character of the man, she goes into an hysteria of terror, and, shrieking 'Daddy, Daddy, Daddy!' beats futilely on a bolted door, a panic stricken little human animal, who had not known before that there was aught but kindness in the world." About the time her first six-month contract was extended an additional six months, she requested and received a five weeks release to do a film for Universal's Bluebird division, released under the name The Savage. This was her fourth film, and she was only needed for two weeks. Upon her return to the Fine Arts lot, she spent several weeks trying to get her pay for the three weeks she had been available for work for Triangle (finally getting her pay in December of that year).

Soon after, the Triangle Company went bust, and while her contract was honored, she found herself scrambling to find her next job. With a reel of her performance in Hands Up! under her arm. Colin Campbell arranged for her to get a contract for her with Selig Polyscope. She was very likely at work on A Hoosier Romance before The Savage was released in November. After A Hoosier Romance, she went to work on Little Orphant Annie [sic]. Both films were based upon poems by James Whitcomb Riley, and both proved to be very popular. It was her first real taste of popularity.

1921 portrait of actress Colleen Moore

Little Orphant Annie was released in December. The Chicago Daily Tribune wrote of Moore, "She was a lovely and unspoiled child the last time I saw her. Let’s hope commendation hasn’t turned her head." Despite her good notices, her luck took a turn for the worse when Selig Polyscope went bust. Once again Moore found herself unemployed, but she had begun to make a name for herself by 1919. She had a series of films lined up: She went to Flagstaff, Arizona for location work on The Wilderness Trail, another western, this time with Tom Mix. Her mother went along as chaperon. Moore wrote that while she had a crush on Mix, he only had eyes for her mother. The Wilderness Trail was a Fox Film Corporation production, and while it had started production earlier, it would not be released until after The Busher, which was released on May 18. The Busher was an H. Ince Productions-Famous Players-Lasky production; it was a baseball film wherein the hero was played by Jack (later John) Gilbert. The Wilderness Trail followed on July 6, another Fox film. A few weeks later The Man in the Moonlight, a Universal Film Manufacturing Company film was released on July 28. The Egg Crate Wallop was a Famous Players-Lasky production released by Paramount Pictures on September 28.

Success in Hollywood

Moore's portrait in Cosmopolitan magazine

Promotional portrait of Moore from the height of her fame, circa 1927, showing the famous Dutchboy bobbed haircut that she made famous.

The next stage of her career was with the Christie Film Company, a move she made when she decided she needed comic training. This was in 1920, and it was a good move because it allowed her to work on her comic timing, and because the arrangement she had made with Al Christie allowed her to go out and look for other work while with the comic troupe. While with Christie, she made Her Bridal Night-Mare, A Roman Scandal, and So Long Letty. At the same time as she was working on these films, she worked on The Devil's Claim with Sessue Hayakawa, in which she played a Persian woman, When Dawn Came, and His Nibs with Chic Sales. All the while, Marshall Neilan had been attempting to get Moore released from her contract so she could work for him. He was successful and made Dinty with Moore, releasing near the end of 1920, followed by When Dawn Came.

For all his efforts to win Moore away from Christie, it seems Neilan farmed her out most of the time. He loaned her out to King Vidor for The Sky Pilot, released in May 1921, yet another Western. After working on The Sky Pilot on location in the snows of Truckee, she was off to Catalina Island for work on The Lotus Eater with John Barrymore. While it is popularly believed the work on this film was done in Florida, it was in fact shot on location on Catalina Island. From there she was off to New York for more location work, then back to California where Neilan put her to work in Slippy McGee. Work on Slippy McGee took her to Mississippi.

In October 1921, His Nibs was released, her only film to be released that year besides The Sky Pilot. In His Nibs, Moore actually appeared in a film within the film; the framing film was a comedy vehicle for Chic Sales. The film it framed was a spoof on films of the time. 1922 proved to be an eventful year for Moore as she was named a WAMPAS Baby Star during a "frolic" at the Ambassador Hotel which became an annual event, in recognition of her growing popularity.^[7] In early 1922, Come On Over was released, made from a Rupert Hughes story and directed by Alfred E. Green. Hughes directed Moore himself in The Wallflower, released that same year. In addition, Neilan introduced her to John McCormick (1893–1961), a publicity man who had had his eye on Moore ever since he had first seen her photograph. He had prodded Marshall into an introduction. The two hit it off, and before long they were engaged. By the end of that year three more of her films were released: Forsaking All Others, The Ninety and Nine, and Broken Chains.

Look Your Best and The Nth Commandment were released in early 1923, followed by two Cosmopolitan Productions, The Nth Commandment and Through the Dark. By this time she had publicly confirmed her engagement to McCormick, a fact that she had been coy about to the press previously. Before mid-year, she had signed a contract with First National Pictures, and her first two films were slated to be The Huntress and Flaming Youth. Slippy McGee came out in June, followed by Broken Hearts of Broadway.

Moore and John McCormick married while Flaming Youth was still in production, and just before the release of The Savage. When it was finally released in 1923, Flaming Youth, in which she starred opposite actor Milton Sills was a hit. The controversial story put Moore in focus as a flapper but after Clara Bow took the stage in Black Oxen in December, she gradually lost her momentum. In spring 1924 she made a good, but unsuccessful effort to top Bow in The Perfect Flapper, and soon after she dismissed the whole flapper vogue; "No more flappers...people are tired of soda-pop love affairs".^[8] Decades later Moore stated Bow was her "chief rival".^[9]

Through the Dark, originally shot under the name Daughter of Mother McGinn was released during the height of the Flaming Youth furor in January 1924. Three weeks later, Painted People was released. After that, she was to star in Counterfeit." The film went through a number of title changes before being released as Flirting with Love in August. In October, First National purchased the rights to Sally for Moore's next film. It would be a challenge, as Sally was a musical comedy. In December, First National purchased the rights to Desert Flower, and in so doing had mapped out Moore's schedule for 1925: Sally, would be filmed first, followed by The Desert Flower.

By the late 1920s, she had accomplished dramatic roles in films such as So Big, where Moore aged through a stretch of decades and was also well received in light comedies such as Irene.

An overseas tour was planned to coincide with the releases of So Big in Europe, and Moore saw the tour as her first real opportunity to spend time with her husband John. Both she and John were dedicated to their careers, and the hectic schedules they had kept them from spending any quality time together. Moore wanted a family; it was one of her goals.

Colleen Moore portrait in costume not representing any specific film. She often posed in costumes for various magazines.

Plans for the trip were put in jeopardy when she injured her neck while filming The Desert Flower. Her injury forced the production to shut down while Moore spent six weeks in a body cast in bed. Once out of the cast she completed the film and left for Europe on a triumphal tour. When she returned, she negotiated a new contract with First National. Her films had been great hits, and so her terms were very generous. Her first film upon her return to the States was We Moderns, set in England with location work done in London during the tour. It was a comedy, essentially a retelling of Flaming Youth from an English perspective. This was followed by Irene (another musical in the style of the very popular Sally) and Ella Cinders, a straight comedy that featured a cameo appearance by comedian Harry Langdon.

It Must Be Love was a romantic comedy with dramatic undertones, and it was followed by Twinkletoes, a dramatic film that featured Moore as a young dancer in London's Limehouse district during the previous century. Orchids and Ermine was released in 1927, filmed in part in New York, a thinly veiled Cinderella story.

In 1927 Moore split from her studio after her husband suddenly quit. It is rumored that John was about to be fired for his drinking, and that she left as a means of leveraging her husband back into a position at First National. It worked, and John found himself as Colleen's sole producer.

Moore's popularity allowed her productions to become very large and lavish. Lilac Time was one of the bigger productions of the era, a World War One drama. A million dollar film, it made back every penny spent within months. Prior to the release of Lilac Time, Warner Bros. had taken control of First National, and were less than interested in maintaining the terms of her contract until the numbers started to roll in for Lilac Time. The film was such a hit that Moore managed to retain generous terms in her next contract and her husband John as her producer.

Colleen Moore Dollhouse

In 1928, inspired by her father and with help from her former set designer, Horace Jackson, Moore constructed an 8-foot-tall (2.4 m) miniature "fairy castle" which toured the United States. The interior of The Colleen Moore Dollhouse, designed by Harold Grieve, features miniature bear skin rugs and detailed furniture and art. Moore's dollhouse has been a featured exhibit at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, Illinois since the early 1950s, where, according to the museum it is seen by 1.5 million people each year. Moore continued working on it, and contributing artifacts to it, until her death.

This dollhouse was the eighth dollhouse Moore owned. The first dollhouse, she wrote in her autobiography Silent Star (1968), evolved from a cabinet that held her collection of miniature furniture. It was supposedly built from a cigar box. Kitty Lorgnette wrote in the Saturday, August 13, 1938 edition of The Evening News (Tampa) that the first dollhouse was purchased by Oraleze O'Brien (Mrs. Frank J. Knight) in 1916 when Moore (then Kathleen) left Tampa. Oraleze was too big for dollhouses, however, and she sold it again after her cat had kittens in it, and from there she lost track of it. The third house was possibly given to the daughter of Moore's good friend, author Adela Rogers St. Johns. The fourth survives and remains on display in the living room of a relative.

Sound films

Colleen Moore in her dressing room at home during her sound film career, showing her more modern look without bangs in about 1934.

With the advent of talking pictures in 1929, Moore took a hiatus from acting. After divorcing McCormack in 1930, Moore was briefly married (1932-34) to a prominent New York-based stockbroker, Albert Parker Scott, one of her four husbands. She and Scott lived at that time in a lavish home in Bel Air, where they hosted parties for and were supporters of the U.S. Olympic team, especially the yachting team, during the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles.

Publicity portrait of Colleen Moore with her more modern bobbed haircut from about the year 1934.

In 1934, Moore, by then divorced, returned to work in Hollywood. She appeared in three films, none of which were successful, and Moore retired. Her last film was a version of The Scarlet Letter in 1934. She later married the widower Homer Hargrave and raised his children (she never had children of her own) from a previous marriage, with whom she maintained a life-long close relationship. Throughout her life she also maintained close friendships with other colleagues from the silent film era, such as King Vidor and Mary Pickford.

Later life and career

In the 1960s, she formed a television production company with King Vidor with whom she had worked in the 1920s. She also published two books in the late 1960s, her autobiography Silent Star: Colleen Moore Talks About Her Hollywood (1968) and How Women Can Make Money in the Stock Market (1969). She also figures prominently alongside of King Vidor in Sidney D. Kirkpatrick's book, A Cast of Killers, which recounts Vidor's attempt to make a film of and solve the murder of William Desmond Taylor. In that book, she is recalled as having been a successful real estate broker in Chicago after her film career.

Many of Colleen Moore's films deteriorated but not due to her own neglect. She actually sent them to be preserved at the Museum of Modern Art. Some time later, Warner Brothers asked for their nitrate materials to be returned to them. Moore's First National films were also sent mistakenly since Warner was once a part of First National. Upon their arrival, the custodian, not seeing the films on the manifest, put them to one side and never went back to them. Many years later, Moore inquired about her collection and MoMA traced back to find out that her films had been languishing unprotected. When the films were examined, it was revealed that they had decomposed past the point of preservation. Heartbroken, she tried in vain to retrieve any prints she could from several sources without much success.

At the height of her fame, Moore was earning $12,500 per week. She was an astute investor, and through her investments remained wealthy for the rest of her life. In her later years she would frequently attend film festivals, and was a popular interview subject always willing to discuss her Hollywood career. She was a participant in the 1980 documentary film series Hollywood, providing her recollections of Hollywood's silent film era.

Colleen Moore in 1980 as seen in Kevin Brownlow's BBC series Hollywood

Death

Moore died from cancer in Paso Robles, California, aged 88.^[10] Her contribution to the motion picture industry has been recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1551 Vine Street.

Quote

F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote of her: "I was the spark that lit up Flaming Youth, Colleen Moore was the torch. What little things we are to have caused all that trouble."^[11]

Selected filmography

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1916	The Prince of Graustark	Maid	Uncredited
1917	The Bad Boy	Ruth
1917	An Old-Fashioned Young Man	Margaret
1917	Hands Up!	Marjorie Houston
1917	The Little American	Undetermined Role	Uncredited
1917	The Savage	Lizette
1918	Little Orphant Annie	Annie
1918	A Hoosier Romance	Patience Thompson
1919	The Wilderness Trail	Jeanne Fitzpatrick
1919	The Egg Crate Wallop	Kitty Haskell
1919	The Busher	Mazie Palmer
1920	The Man in the Moonlight	Rosine
1919	A Roman Scandal	Mary
1920	The Devil's Claim	Indora
1920	Her Bridal Nightmare	Mary
1920	So Long Letty	Grace Miller
1920	Dinty	Doreen O'Sullivan
1921	The Sky Pilot	Gwen
1921	The Lotus Eater	Mavis
1921	His Nibs	The Girl
1922	Forsaking All Others	Penelope Mason
1922	The Ninety and Nine	Ruth Blake
1922	Broken Chains	Mercy Boone
1923	April Showers	Maggie Muldoon
1923	Slippy McGee	Mary Virginia
1923	Flaming Youth	Patricia Fentriss
1924	The Perfect Flapper	Tommie Lou Pember
1924	So Big	Selina Peake
1925	We Moderns	Mary Sundale
1925	Ben-Hur	Crowd extra in chariot race	Alternative title: Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ Uncredited
1926	Ella Cinders	Ella Cinders
1926	Twinkletoes	Twink "Twinkletoes" Minasi
1927	Orchids and Ermine	"Pink" Watson
1927	Naughty But Nice	Bernice Sumners
1927	Her Wild Oat	Mary Brown
1928	Lilac Time	Jeannine Berthelot	Alternative title: Love Never Dies
1928	Oh, Kay!	Lady Kay Rutfield
1929	Smiling Irish Eyes	Kathleen O'Connor
1929	Why Be Good?	Pert Kelly
1929	Footlights and Fools	Betty Murphy/Fifi D'Auray
1929	Synthetic Sin	Betty
1933	The Power and the Glory	Sally Garner	Alternative title: Power and Glory
1934	Social Register	Patsy Shaw
1934	Success at Any Price	Sarah Griswold
1934	The Scarlet Letter	Hester Prynne

Footnotes

1. ^ Golden, Eve (2001). Golden Images: 41 Essays on Silent Film Stars. McFarland. pp. 98. ISBN 0-786-40834-0. 
2. ^ 1900 census for Port Huron, St. Clair County, MI., Fifth Ward, Sheet 9. Household occupants listed as: Mary Kelly, head of household; Kathleen (Moore's aunt), daughter; Charles Morrison, son-in-law; Agnes Morrison, daughter; and Kathleen Morrison with birth-date given as August 1899. Also: Wolverine Directory Co.'s St. Clair County Directory, pg. 251: "Morrison, Chas R, collector Commercial Bank, res 817 Ontario"
3. ^ Rhoads, Mark (2006-07-23). "Colleen Moore". Illinois Hall of Fame. Illinois Review. http://illinoisreview.typepad.com/illinoisreview/2006/07/illinois_hall_o_21.html. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 
4. ^ Moore interviewed by Jennifer Small, August 23, 1976, The Pittsburgh Press
5. ^ Silent Star by Colleen Moore, Doubleyday & Company, Inc, Garden City, NY, 1968
6. ^ "Colleen Moore". AFI Catalog Silent Films. AFI. 2002. http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/SearchResult.aspx?s=1&TBL=PN&Type=CA&ID=33642&bhcp=1. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 
7. ^ Williams, Gregory Paul (2006). The Story of Hollywood: An Illustrated History. pp. 122. ISBN 0-977-62990-2. 
8. ^ Los Angeles Times, May 18th 1924
9. ^ Silent Star, Colleen Moore, Doubleday, 1968
10. ^ Fowler, Glenn (1988-01-26). "Colleen Moore, Star of 'Flapper' Films, Dies at 85". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7D61030F935A15752C0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2008-12-02. 
11. ^ Porter, Darwin (2001). Hollywood's Silent Closet: A Novel. Blood Moon Productions, Ltd.. pp. 549. ISBN 0-966-80302-7. 

References

• Colleen Moore research/history project page

Bibliography

• Jeff Codori (2012), Colleen Moore; A Biography of the Silent Film Star, McFarland Publishing,(Print ISBN 978-0-7864-4969-9, EBook ISBN 978-0-7864-8899-5).
• Jeanine Basinger (1999), chapter on Moore in Silent Stars, (ISBN 0-8195-6451-6).
• Colleen Moore, Silent Star: Colleen Moore Talks About Her Hollywood (1968)
• John Kobal, People Will Talk (1985)
• Glenn Mitchell, A-Z of Silent Film Comedy, An Illustrated Companion (1998)
• Cedric Osmond Bermingham, Stars of the Screen, 1931: A Volume of Biographies of Contemporary Actors and Actresses Engaged in Photoplay Throughout the World (1931)

External links

Biography portal

• Colleen Moore Project
• Colleen Moore at the Internet Movie Database
• Colleen Moore at the TCM Movie Database
• Colleen Moore at AllRovi
• Article: "Loveable and Sweet: Colleen Moore" (with photographs)
• Colleen Moore Image Gallery
• The Fairy Castle at the Museum of Science and Industry
• Colleen Moore at Find a Grave
• Tarzan, Jr. by Edgar Rice Burroughs in the Fairy Castle at the Museum of Science and Industry

Persondata
Name	Moore, Colleen
Alternative names	Morrison, Kathleen
Short description	Actor
Date of birth	August 19, 1899
Place of birth	Port Huron, Michigan, U.S.
Date of death	January 25, 1988
Place of death	Paso Robles, California, U.S.