N3 road (South Africa)

National Route N3
Route information
Maintained by SANRAL, N3TC, eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality[1]
Major junctions
Southeast end:	Pine Street/Commercial Road in Durban
	N2 in Durban N11 near Ladysmith N5 at Harrismith N17 at Alberton N12 at Alberton N12 at Bedfordview
Northwest end:	N1 near Sandton
Location
Major cities:	Durban, Pietermaritzburg, Estcourt, Ladysmith, Harrismith, Heidelberg, Germiston, Johannesburg
Highway system
National Roads of South Africa ← N2 N4 →

The N3 is a National Route^[1][2] in South Africa, connecting Johannesburg and Durban, respectively South Africa's largest and third-largest cities. Johannesburg is the financial and commercial heartland of South Africa, while Durban is South Africa's key port and one of the busiest ports in the Southern Hemisphere and is also a holiday destination. Durban is the port through which Johannesburg imports and exports most of its goods. As a result, the N3 is a very busy highway and has a high volume of traffic.

Route

The N3 is divided into 12 sections, starting with section 1 in Durban and ending with section 12 in Johannesburg. Between the two cities, the route passes the following towns and cities: Pietermaritzburg, Estcourt, Ladysmith, Harrismith, Heidelberg and Germiston. It no longer passes through any of these towns, as bypasses have been built around all of them.

KwaZulu-Natal

A section of the N3 in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, showing the dual-carriageway freeway.

The N3 begins in the Durban Central Business District at Pine Street and Commercial Road as a dual-carriageway freeway and heads west, passing through Berea and Mayville before intersecting with the N2 at the EB Cloete Interchange. It then heads through Westville before bypassing the south of Pinetown. The route is then tolled at Mariannhill as it leaves the urban area, and then heads towards Cato Ridge. From Cato Ridge, the route passes Camperdown before turning towards the northwest and heading towards Pietermaritzburg, the provincial capital.

After bypassing Pietermaritzburg on the east and north, the N3 heads up a steep incline known as Town Hill before passing near Hilton and Howick; a road to the Southern Drakensberg (the R619) leaves the N3 at Howick. The route then becomes rather pictureque as it heads through the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, passing through Mooi River (where another toll is located) before heading to Estcourt. Just past Estcourt, access to the Central and Northern Drakensberg via the R74 is provided, before the N3 heads in the direction of Ladysmith. The N3 passes Ladysmith to the west, with the N11 providing access to Ladysmith itself.

A few kilometers after the N11 interchange, the N3 is tolled once again; the dual-carriageway freeway also ending at this point. From here, the N3 ascends the South African plateau via Van Reenen's Pass; at the top of the pass, the N3 crosses into the Free State.

Free State

After crossing into the Free State, the N3 heads to Harrismith, where the N5 leaves it (providing a route to Bloemfontein and Cape Town via the N1). The N3 then heads to the north, and passes the town of Warden. At Warden, the N3 becomes a single-carriageway freeway and heads towards Villiers, where a toll is located. Immediately after Villers, the N3 crosses the Vaal River and enters Mpumalanga; the N3 also becomes a dual-carriageway freeway at this point.

Mpumalanga and Gauteng

The N3 then heads through the south-western tip of Mpumalanga in the direction of Heidelberg. Just before reaching Heidelberg, the N3 is tolled; this also marks the point where the N3 crosses into Gauteng. The N3 then bypasses Heidelberg before heading towards Johannesburg.

On approaching Johannesburg, the N3 passes the townships of Katlehong and Vosloorus before reaching Alberton; here, it intersects with the N17. Almost immediately afterwards, the N12 (the Southern Bypass portion of the Johannesburg Ring Road) merges with the N3, with the N3 then becoming the Eastern Bypass portion of the Johannesburg Ring Road. The N3 then heads through Germiston (where the M2 provides access to the Johannesburg Central Business District) before heading to Bedfordview, where the N12 leaves the N3 at the Gilooly's Interchange and provides access to the East Rand. From here, the N3 passes Edenvale and Alexandra before terminating at the Buccleuch Interchange just south of Midrand and north of Sandton, which is the point at which the N3, N1 and M1 converge.

Alternative route

Where the N3 has been realigned, the old route has been designated R103. The R103 exists in three sections: between Durban and Ladysmith, between Warden and Villiers, and between Heidelberg and Johannesburg.

The R103 is typically used to avoid the toll plazas on the N3, with one notable exception being the Tugela East Toll Plaza located on the R103 itself where the R103 and N3 meet north of Ladysmith.

Most of the old N3 alignment within Durban is designated as the M13 instead of having the usual R103 designation; the R103 diverges from the M13 in the suburb of Winston Park.

Dual carriageway sections

Following the opening of the motorway section in December 2001 between Heidelberg and Villiers, the road is now dual carriageway for its whole length between the two cities. The section between Johannesburg and Villiers is dual carriageway motorway. Between Villiers and the outskirts of Ladysmith, the road is undivided dual carriageway. Thereafter, the route to Durban is dual carriageway motorway. This last section is the second longest motorway by route number, but the longest on one stretch of road in South Africa.

Future realignment

There are plans to re-route one section between the Tugela Toll Plaza near Ladysmith, and the start of the tolled section near Warden. This would involve the diversion of the road to a new motorway over De Beer's Pass, as opposed to Van Reenen, which would cut 14 kilometres off the route. This has caused a huge outcry among residents of Harrismith and Van Reenen, who rely on passing traffic to sustain businesses such as restaurants, petrol stations, and holiday rest places. Proponents of the new road argue that the existing Van Reenen Pass is too steep for heavy trucks and exceeds the maximum gradient of 1:7 for an officially declared national road.

The N3 Toll Concession has stated that the De Beer's bypass will be required when daily traffic volumes reach 13,900 vehicles - the current traffic volume at Van Reenen is 11,000 vehicles, and based on projected increases in traffic volumes, the bypass will need to be operational by the end of 2014, with construction commencing in the second half of 2011.^[3]

Tolls

Most of the road is only usable upon the payment of toll. There are toll plazas at Marianhill, Mooiriver, Tugela, Villiers and Heidelberg. As mentioned above, most of the toll plazas can be avoided by using the R103.^[4]

A sixth toll plaza is likely to be constructed south of Warden when the De Beer's bypass (mentioned above) is built.^[3]

Notable interchanges

Distance from origin (km)	Exit number	Destinations	Notes
0		Durban Central Business District	N3 begins
8	165	N2 - Stanger, Port Shepstone, Durban International Airport
17	17	M13 - Pinetown	Northbound only
20	20	M7 - Pinetown, Queensburgh	Southbound only
27			Mariannhill Toll Plaza
35	35	M13 - Hillcrest	Southbound only
76	76	Pietermaritzburg	Northbound only
77	77	R56 - New England Road
81	81	R33 - Greytown
83	83	Pietermaritzburg	Southbound only
99	99	R617 - Bulwer, Southern Drakensberg
143	143	Mooi River	Mooi Toll Plaza
179	179	Central Drakensberg
194	194	R74 - Colenso, Winterton, Northern Drakensberg
230	230	N11 - Ladysmith R616 - Bergville
246	246	R103 - Ladysmith	Tugela Toll Plaza (on N3) Tugela East Toll Plaza (on R103) Dual-carriageway ends Proposed start of De Beer's bypass
272			KwaZulu-Natal/Free State provincial border
301	29	N5 - Harrismith, Bethlehem, Bloemfontein (via N1)
354	82	Warden	Proposed end of De Beer's bypass
405	133	R34 - Vrede, Frankfort
441	169	R26 - Villiers	Wilge Toll Plaza
442			Free State/Mpumalanga provincial border Dual-carriageway recommences
447	5	R51 - Balfour R54 - Vereeniging
490 (approx.)			Mpumalanga/Gauteng provincial border De Hoek Toll Plaza
501	59	R23 - Heidelberg (south), Standerton
508	66	R42 - Heidelberg (central), Nigel
512	70	R23 - Heidelberg (north), Benoni
545	103	N17 - Johannesburg, Springs	Gosforth Toll Plaza (N17 only)
547	105	N12 - Potchefstroom, Kimberley	N12 merges with N3
550	108	M2 - Johannesburg, Germiston
555	113	N12 - Witbank R24 - Johannesburg, OR Tambo International Airport	N12 separates from N3 and merges with R24
569	104	N1 - Bloemfontein, Pretoria M1 - Johannesburg	N3 ends

References

1. ^ routes.co.za - N-routes
2. ^ [http://www.phbagale.co.za/route-n3.html MILL AND REPLACE AND ASPHALT OVERLAY ON NATIONAL ROUTE N3 SECTION 12 FROM HEIDELBERG ROAD TO GELDENHUIS]
3. ^ ^{a b} "N3 route to be shortened". http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20080910063947382C729940. Retrieved 2008-09-10. 
4. ^ "N3 Toll Road Sections". http://www.routes.co.za/tollroads/N3/index.html.