Archery at the Summer Olympics

Archery at the Summer Olympics
Archery at the Summer Olympics
Governing body FITA
Events 4 (men: 2; women: 2)
Games
1896 • 1900 • 1904 • 1908 • 1912 • 1920
1924 • 1928 • 1932 • 1936 • 1948 • 1952
1956 • 1960 • 1964 • 1968 • 1972 • 1976
1980 • 1984 • 1988 • 1992 • 1996 • 2000
2004 • 2008 • 2012
Medalists • Records

Archery had its debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics and has been contested in 13 Olympiads. Eighty three different nations have appeared in the Olympic archery competitions, with France appearing the most often at 11 times. It is governed by the International Archery Federation. Recurve archery is the only discipline of archery featured at the Olympic Games.

Contents

History

The second Olympic games, Paris 1900, saw the first appearance of archery. 7 disciplines in varying distances were contested. The next Olympics, St. Louis 1904, had 5 archery events but no athletes from outside the United States competed. At the 1908 Summer Olympics, there were 3 archery events. Archery was not featured at the 1912 Summer Olympics but reappeared in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

Between 1920 and 1972, archery was not contested at the Olympic games. The archery competition that was featured at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich consisted of a double FITA Round competition with two events - men's individual and women's individual. This form of the archery competition was held until the 1988 Summer Olympics, when team competition was added and the Grand FITA Round format was used. Starting at the 1992 Summer Olympics, the Olympic Round with head-to-head matches was adopted, and has been used ever since.

In 1984 at Los Angeles, Neroli Fairhall of New Zealand was the first paraplegic competitor in the Olympic Games.

Medal tables

From 1972

1972 marked the beginning of the modern archery competition at the Olympic Games. The events began to use standardized forms and many nations competed.

 Rank  Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 South Korea 16 9 5 30
2 United States 8 3 2 13
3 China 1 5 1 7
4 Soviet Union 1 3 3 7
5 Italy 1 2 3 6
6 Finland 1 1 2 4
Ukraine 1 1 2 4
8 Australia 1 0 1 2
France 1 0 1 2
10 Spain 1 0 0 1
11 Japan 0 2 1 3
12 Sweden 0 2 0 2
13 Chinese Taipei 0 1 1 2
Germany 0 1 1 2
Poland 0 1 1 2
16 Indonesia 0 1 0 1
17 Great Britain 0 0 4 4
18 Unified Team 0 0 2 2
19 Netherlands 0 0 1 1
Russia 0 0 1 1
Total 20 nations 32 32 32 96

All years

This table includes archery competitions in 1900, 1904, 1908, and 1920 in addition to the ones from 1972 on, which are shown above. These four years preceded the modern, standardized archery competition under the rules of the International Archery Federation and were contested by three nations at most. In one year (1904), only the United States competed. Other nations that competed during that period were France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Great Britain.

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  South Korea (KOR) 16 9 5 30
2  United States (USA) 14 9 8 31
3  Belgium (BEL) 11 6 3 20
4  France (FRA) 6 10 7 23
5  Great Britain (GBR) 2 2 5 9
6  China (CHN) 1 5 1 7
7  Soviet Union (URS) 1 3 3 7
8  Italy (ITA) 1 2 3 6
9  Finland (FIN) 1 1 2 4
 Ukraine (UKR) 1 1 2 4
11  Australia (AUS) 1 0 1 2
 Netherlands (NED) 1 0 1 2
13  Spain (ESP) 1 0 0 1
14  Japan (JPN) 0 2 1 3
15  Sweden (SWE) 0 2 0 2
16  Chinese Taipei (TPE) 0 1 1 2
 Germany (GER) 0 1 1 2
 Poland (POL) 0 1 1 2
19  Indonesia (INA) 0 1 0 1
20  Unified Team (EUN) 0 0 2 2
21  Russia (RUS) 0 0 1 1
Total 57 56 48 161

Qualification

Qualification spots in archery are allotted to National Olympic Committees rather than to individual athletes.

There were four ways for NOCs to earn berths in Olympic archery. No NOC is allowed to enter more than three archers of each gender. For each gender, the host nation is guaranteed three spots. The most recent World Target Competition's top 8 teams (besides the host nation) each receive three spots, and the 19 highest ranked archers after the team qualifiers are removed also earn spots for their country. 15 of the remaining 18 spots are divided equally among the five Olympic continents for allocation in continental tournaments. The last three spots in each gender are determined by the Tripartite Commission invitation.

Each NOC that receives three places for individual archers (i.e., the host nation, the top 8 teams at the World Target Competition, and any other nation that is able to take 3 of the remaining 37 places) is able to have its three archers compete as a team in the team competition.

Competition

Modern Olympic archery consists of four medal events: men's individual, women's individual, men's team, and women's team. In all four events, the distance from the archer to the target is 70 metres.

Individual

In the individual competitions, 64 archers compete. The competition begins with the ranking round. Each archer shoots 72 arrows (in six ends, or groups, of 12 arrows). They are then ranked by score to determine their seeding for the single-elimination bracket. After this, final rankings for each archer is determined by the archer's score in the round in which the archer was defeated, with the archers defeated in the first round being ranked 33rd through 64th.

Pre-2008

The first elimination round pits the first ranked archer against the sixty-fourth, the second against the sixty-third, and so on. In this match as well as the second and third, the archers shoot simultaneously 18 arrows in ends of 3 arrows. The archer with the higher score after 18 arrows moves on to the next round while the loser is eliminated.

After three such rounds, there are 8 archers remaining. The remaining three rounds (quarterfinals, semifinals, and medal matches) are referred to as the finals rounds. They consist of each archer shooting 12 arrows, again in ends of 3 arrows. The two archers in the match alternate by arrow instead of shooting their arrows simultaneously as in the first three rounds. The losers of the quarterfinals are eliminated, while the losers of the semifinals play each other to determine the bronze medal and fourth place. The two archers who are undefeated through the semifinals face each other in the gold medal match, in which the winner takes the gold medal while the loser receives the silver medal.

2008 changes

All matches in 2008 were in the previous finals round format, using 12 arrow matches. Archers alternated shooting by arrow.

Team

Each country that has three archers in the individual competition also gets to compete as a team. The same three archers from the individual competition must compete as the country's team. Their scores in the individual ranking round are added to determine the team's ranking round score.

The first team round is the round of 16, but as the number of teams is usually between 9 and 15 the highest ranked teams typically get a bye in the first round. Matches consist of each team firing 27 arrows in 3 ends of 9 arrows, with each archer on the team firing 3 arrows per end. Advancement and medals are determined in the same manner as the individual competition.

2008 changes

The number of arrows per team in a match was reduced to 24, in 4 ends of 6 arrows. Each of the three archers on a team shot 8 arrows in a match.

Events

Early Games

Early Olympic archery competitions had events that were unique for each of the Games.

1900 1904 1908 1912 1920
6 events, men only 6 events, men and women 3 events, men and women not held 10 events, men only
  • Au Cordon Doré, 50 metres
  • Au Cordon Doré, 33 metres
  • Au Chapelet, 50 metres
  • Au Chapelet, 33 metres
  • Sur la Perche à la Herse
  • Sur la Perche à la Pyramide
  • Team round, men
  • Team round, women
  • Double American round, men
  • Double Columbia round, women
  • Double National round, women
  • Double York round, men
  • Double National round, women
  • Double York round, men
  • Continental style, men
  
  • Individual fixed large bird
  • Individual fixed small bird
  • Individual moving bird, 50 metres
  • Individual moving bird, 33 metres
  • Individual moving bird, 28 metres
  • Team fixed large bird
  • Team fixed small bird
  • Team moving bird, 50 metres
  • Team moving bird, 33 metres
  • Team moving bird, 28 metres

Modern Games

Event 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 Years
Double FITA Round, men X X X X X - - - - - 5
Double FITA Round, women X X X X X - - - - - 5
Team Double FITA Round, men - - - - X - - - - - 1
Team Double FITA Round, women - - - - X - - - - - 1
Olympic round, individual men - - - - - X X X X X 5
Olympic round, individual women - - - - - X X X X X 5
Olympic round, team men - - - - - X X X X X 5
Olympic round, team women - - - - - X X X X X 5
Events 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 32

Participating nations

The following nations have taken part in the archery competition.

Event 96 00 04 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 Years
 American Samoa (ASA) - - - - - X 1
 Argentina (ARG) - - - - X 1
 Australia (AUS) - - - - 3 X X X X X X X X 5 10
 Austria (AUT) - - - - X X X 3
 Belarus (BLR) - - - - X X X 2 4
 Belgium (BEL) 18 - - 14 3 X X X X X X 9
 Bhutan (BHU) - - - - X X X X X X 2 7
 Brazil (BRA) - - - - X X X X 1 5
 Bulgaria (BUL) - - - - X X X X 1 5
 Canada (CAN) - - - - 6 X X X X X X X 4 9
 Central African Republic (CAF) - - - - X 1
 Chile (CHI) - - - - X 1
 China (CHN) - - - - X X X X X X 6 7
 Chinese Taipei (TPE) - - - - 1 X X X X X X 6 8
 Colombia (COL) - - - - X X 3 3
 Costa Rica (CRC) - - - - X X X 3
 Cuba (CUB) - - - - X X 1 3
 Cyprus (CYP) - - - - X 1 2
 Czech Republic (CZE) - - - - 2 1
 Czechoslovakia (TCH) - - - - X X 2
 Denmark (DEN) - - - - 4 X X X X X 2 7
 Egypt (EGY) - - - - X X 2 3
 El Salvador (ESA) - - - - X X 2
 Estonia (EST) - - - - X X 2
 Fiji (FIJ) - - - - X 1
 Finland (FIN) - - - - 3 X X X X X X X X 1 10
 France (FRA) 129 - 15 8 5 X X X X X X X 5 12
 Georgia (GEO) - - - - X X X 2 4
 Germany (GER) - - - - X X X X 2 5
 Great Britain (GBR) - - 41 - 6 X X X X X X X X 6 11
 Greece (GRE) - - - - X X 2 3
 Guam (GUM) - - - - X 1
 Hong Kong (HKG) - - - - X X X 3
 Hungary (HUN) - - - - 2 X X X 4
 India (IND) - - - - X X X X 4 5
 Indonesia (INA) - - - - 1 X X X X X X X 2 9
 Iran (IRI) - - - - 2 1
 Ireland (IRL) - - - - X X X X X X 6
 Italy (ITA) - - - - 3 X X X X X X X X 6 10
 Japan (JPN) - - - - 4 X X X X X X X 5 9
 Jordan (JOR) - - - - X 1
 Kazakhstan (KAZ) - - - - X X X 1 4
 Kenya (KEN) - - - - X 1
 Laos (LAO) - - - - X 1
 Luxembourg (LUX) - - - - 2 X X X X X 6
 Malaysia (MAS) - - - - X 3 2
 Malta (MLT) - - - - X X X 3
 Mauritius (MRI) - - - - X X 1 3
 Mexico (MEX) - - - - 6 X X X X X X 4 8
 Moldova (MDA) - - - - X 1
 Monaco (MON) - - - - X X 2
 Mongolia (MGL) - - - - 3 X X X X X 6
 Morocco (MAR) - - - - 1 1
 Myanmar (MYA) - - - - X X 1 3
 Netherlands (NED) 6 - - 8 X X X X X X X 9
 New Zealand (NZL) - - - - 1 X X X X X X 7
 Norway (NOR) - - - - 4 X X X X X 6
 North Korea (PRK) - - - - X X X X 2 5
 Philippines (PHI) - - - - 3 X X X 1 5
 Poland (POL) - - - - 4 X X X X X X X 6 9
 Portugal (POR) - - - - X X X X X 1 6
 Puerto Rico (PUR) - - - - 1 X X X X 5
 Qatar (QAT) - - - - 1 1
 Romania (ROU) - - - - X 1 2
 Russia (RUS) - - - - X X X 5 4
 Samoa (SAM) - - - - 1 1
 San Marino (SMR) - - - - X X 2
 Saudi Arabia (KSA) - - - - X X 2
 Slovenia (SLO) - - - - X X X 3
 Solomon Islands (SOL) - - - - X 1
 South Africa (RSA) - - - - X X X X 1 5
 South Korea (KOR) - - - - 3 X X X X X X 6 8
 Soviet Union (URS) - - - - 6 X X X 4
 Spain (ESP) - - - - 2 X X X X X X X 1 9
 Sweden (SWE) - - - - 5 X X X X X X X X 1 10
 Switzerland (SUI) - - - - 4 X X X 1 5
 Tajikistan (TJK) - - - - X 1 2
 Thailand (THA) - - - - X X 2
 Tonga (TGA) - - - - X 1
 Turkey (TUR) - - - - X X X X X X 2 7
 Ukraine (UKR) - - - - X X X 5 4
 Uganda (UGA) - - - - X 1
 Unified Team (EUN) - - - - X 1
 United States (USA) - 29 1 - 6 X X X X X X X 5 11
 Vanuatu (VAN) - - - - X 1
 Venezuela (VEN) - - - - 1 1
 West Germany (FRG) - - - - 4 X X X 4
 Yugoslavia (YUG) - - - - X X 2
 Zimbabwe (ZIM) - - - - X X 2
No. of nations - 3 1 3 - 3 - 27 24 25 35 41 44 41 44 43 49 89
No. of archers - 153 29 57 - 30 - 95 - - - - - - - - 128
Year 96 00 04 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 14

Records

The Olympic records for archery are for the competition format established in 1992.

Men's
# of arrows Archer(s) Score Games
72 (ranking)  Im Dong-hyun (KOR) 687 2004
18  Park Kyung-mo (KOR) 173 2004
12  Lee Chang Hwan (KOR) 117 2008
36 (finals)  Tim Cuddihy (AUS) 340 2004
216 (team ranking)  South Korea (KOR)
Jang Yong-ho
Kim Bo-ram
Oh Kyo-moon		 2031 1996
27 (team)  South Korea (KOR)
Jang Yong-ho
Oh Kyo-moon
Kim Chung-tae		 258 2000
54 (team finals)  United States (USA)
Justin Huish
Butch Johnson
Rodney White		 502 1996
Women's
# of arrows Archer(s) Score Games
72 (ranking)  Park Sung Hyun (KOR) 682 2004
18  Yun Mi-Jin (KOR) 173 2000
2004
12  Park Sung Hyun (KOR) 115 2008
36 (finals)  Kim Nam Soom (KOR) 334 2000
216 (team ranking)  South Korea (KOR)
Park Sung Hyun
Lee Sung Jin
Yun Mi-Jin		 2030 2004
27 (team)  South Korea (KOR)
Kim Soo-nyung
Kim Nam-soon
Yun Mi-Jin		 252 2000
54 (team finals)  South Korea (KOR)
Kim Soo-nyung
Kim Nam-soon
Yun Mi-Jin		 502 2000
24 (team finals)  South Korea (KOR)
Park Sung Hyun
Joo Hyun Jung
Yoon Oc Hie		 231 2008

See also

References

External links

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