CTGF

Connective tissue growth factor
Identifiers
Symbols	CTGF; CCN2; HCS24; IGFBP8; MGC102839; NOV2
External IDs	OMIM: 121009 MGI: 95537 HomoloGene: 1431 GeneCards: CTGF Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • fibronectin binding • integrin binding • insulin-like growth factor binding • growth factor activity • heparin binding Cellular component • extracellular region • proteinaceous extracellular matrix • extracellular space • cis-Golgi network • cytosol • plasma membrane • cell cortex • perinuclear region of cytoplasm Biological process • cartilage condensation • ossification • angiogenesis • regulation of cell growth • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation • DNA replication • cell adhesion • cell-matrix adhesion • integrin-mediated signaling pathway • positive regulation of cell proliferation • fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway • epidermis development • response to wounding • response to glucose stimulus • organ senescence • positive regulation of gene expression • positive regulation of cell death • response to organic cyclic compound • cell migration • cell differentiation • lung development • response to estradiol stimulus • positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process • response to anoxia • response to amino acid stimulus • positive regulation of caspase activity • response to peptide hormone stimulus • cellular lipid metabolic process • positive regulation of cell activation • response to mineralocorticoid stimulus • cytosolic calcium ion transport • positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction • extracellular matrix constituent secretion • positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition • response to fatty acid Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1490	14219
Ensembl	ENSG00000118523	ENSMUSG00000019997
UniProt	P29279	Q91V29
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001901.2	NM_010217.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001892.1	NP_034347.2
Location (UCSC)	Chr 6: 132.27 – 132.27 Mb	Chr 10: 24.32 – 24.32 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) is a cysteine-rich, matrix-associated, heparin-binding protein. In vitro, CTGF mirrors some of the effects of TGF beta on skin fibroblasts, such as stimulation of extracellular matrix production, chemotaxis, proliferation and integrin expression. CTGF can promote endothelial cell growth, migration, adhesion and survival and is thus implicated in endothelial cell function and angiogenesis^[1].

CTGF binds to perlecan^[2], a proteoglycan which has been localised in synovium, cartilage and numerous other tissues.

CTGF has been implicated in extracellular matrix remodelling in wound healing, scleroderma and other fibrotic processes, as it is capable of upregulating both matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). Therefore, CTGF has the potential to activate both the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix.

Knockout mice which have had the gene for CTGF removed do not develop normally. Impaired chondrocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix production and turnover leads to abnormal skeletal growth.^[3]

Interactions

CTGF has been shown to interact with Vascular endothelial growth factor A.^[4]

See also

• Ctgf/hcs24 CAESAR

References

1. ^ Brigstock DR (2002) Regulation of angiogenesis and endothelial cell function by connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61). Angiogenesis 5:153-165.
2. ^ Nishida T et al. (2003) CTGF/Hcs24, hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product, interacts with perlecan in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. J Cell Physiol 196:265-275.
3. ^ Ivkovic S et al. (2003) Connective tissue growth factor coordinates chondrogenesis and angiogenesis during skeletal deveopment Development 130:2779-2791.
4. ^ Inoki, Isao; Shiomi Takayuki, Hashimoto Gakuji, Enomoto Hiroyuki, Nakamura Hiroyuki, Makino Ken-ichi, Ikeda Eiji, Takata Shigeo, Kobayashi Ken-ichi, Okada Yasunori (Feb. 2002). "Connective tissue growth factor binds vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis". FASEB J. (United States) 16 (2): 219–21. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0332fje. PMID 11744618. 

Gressner OA and Gressner AM. Connective tissue growth factor: a fibrogenic master switch in fibrotic liver diseases. Liver Int. 2008; 28:1065-1079.

Further reading

• Brigstock DR (1999). "The connective tissue growth factor/cysteine-rich 61/nephroblastoma overexpressed (CCN) family.". Endocr. Rev. 20 (2): 189–206. doi:10.1210/er.20.2.189. PMID 10204117. 
• Abdel Wahab N, Mason RM (2004). "Connective tissue growth factor and renal diseases: some answers, more questions.". Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 13 (1): 53–8. doi:10.1097/00041552-200401000-00008. PMID 15090860. 
• Leask A (2004). "Transcriptional profiling of the scleroderma fibroblast reveals a potential role for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in pathological fibrosis.". The Keio journal of medicine 53 (2): 74–7. doi:10.2302/kjm.53.74. PMID 15247510. 
• George J, Tsutsumi M. (2007). "siRNA-mediated knockdown of connective tissue growth factor prevents N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.". Gene Ther. 14 (10): 790–803.. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302929. PMID 17344905.