Destination Moon (film)

Destination Moon
DVD cover
Directed by	Irving Pichel
Produced by	George Pal
Screenplay by	James O'Hanlon Robert A. Heinlein Rip Van Ronkel
Based on	Rocketship Galileo Robert A. Heinlein
Starring	John Archer Warner Anderson Tom Powers Dick Wesson
Music by	Leith Stevens
Cinematography	Lionel Lindon
Editing by	Duke Goldstone
Studio	George Pal Productions
Distributed by	Eagle-Lion Classics Inc.
Release date(s)	June 27, 1950 (1950-06-27) (New York)
Running time	91 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English

Destination Moon (1950) is an American science fiction feature film produced by George Pal, who later produced When Worlds Collide, The War of the Worlds, and The Time Machine. Pal commissioned the script by James O'Hanlon and Rip Van Ronkel. The film was directed by Irving Pichel, was shot in Technicolor and was distributed in the USA by Eagle-Lion Classics.^[1]

It was the first major science-fiction film produced in the United States to deal realistically with the prospect of space travel. Science-fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein contributed significantly to the script and served as a technical adviser. Heinlein also published a novella, Destination Moon, based on the screenplay.

Plot

Four American astronauts blast off from the New Mexico desert and fly to the Moon. They land after difficulties that cause more fuel to be used than anticipated. Consequently, the crew must race against time to lighten the ship for a successful return to Earth.

The film features the premise that US private industry will finance and manufacture the first spacecraft to reach the moon, given the Soviet threat at the time, and then the US government will bring itself to buy or lease the technology. Visionary industrialists are shown cooperating to support the venture.

Cast

• John Archer as Jim Barnes
• Warner Anderson as Dr. Charles Cargraves
• Tom Powers as General Thayer
• Dick Wesson as Joe Sweeney
• Erin O'Brien-Moore as Emily Cargraves
• Franklyn Farnum as Factory Worker (uncredited)
• Everett Glass as Mr. La Porte (uncredited)
• Knox Manning as Knox Manning (uncredited)

Production

The film was promoted through an unprecedented onslaught of publicity in the print media. Seven years before Sputnik, 19 years before the actual moon landing, the movie clearly spells out a rationale for the space race: unnamed enemies (clearly understood at the time to be the Soviets) are sabotaging the American space program, and unless the West beats them to the moon, they will establish a strategic advantage to conquer the world.

Destination Moon includes an animated segment of Woody Woodpecker illustrating the basics of space flight. The segment serves to educate not only certain characters in the story, but the audience as well. As a narrative device, this technique has been employed in subsequent films, such as Jurassic Park.

The film shows the rocket being constructed in situ in the desert, and Lockheed aircraft plant in Southern California is shown with workers examining a model of the nuclear spacecraft. Transitional sequences show Lockheed Constellations being assembled. The fictional rocket uses nuclear thermal propulsion, a method that has not been employed in actual rocket launches to date.

The sets and costumes were re-used in films subsequently, and even appear in the second episode of The Time Tunnel. Both Destination Moon and Rocketship X-M contain a polemical element, but with almost diametrically opposed messages: where Rocketship X-M contains a seriously intended anti-nuclear message, Destination Moon has a nuclear-powered spacecraft taking off in defiance of a court order, and depicts the court order as inspired by irrational fear. Once on the moon, the crew find evidence that the moon is a source of uranium.

A relationship between the film and Heinlein's novel Rocket Ship Galileo exists. In the novel, the astronauts are high school boys led by an older scientist, the enemies are the Nazis rather than the Soviets, and the emphasis is on conflict with them. In the movie, sabotage is only vaguely hinted at, the concept of a space race is introduced, the voyage is a massive industrial undertaking, and the plot revolves around the dangers of the voyage. A common element in both stories is that the rocket takes off in defiance of a court order. The movie is in fact more similar to Heinlein's novella The Man Who Sold the Moon, which according to its copyright date was written by 1949, although it was not published until 1951, the year after Destination Moon premiered.

The matte and scene paintings for Destination Moon were created by the famous astronomical artist Chesley Bonestell.^[2] Pal also employed Bonestell for work on When Worlds Collide from the novel by Philip Wylie and Edwin Balmer; Conquest of Space, which in turn was based on the book by Willy Ley and Bonestell; and The War of the Worlds, notably the opening sequence featuring cleverly animated astronomical paintings of the planets by Bonestell.

Music

The music, written by composer Leith Stevens, is noteworthy for its very atmospheric themes and musical motifs, which added to the overall dramatic moments of the film.

Adaptations

Episode 12 of the Dimension X radio series was called Destination Moon and was based on Heinlein's input to the script of the movie. During the broadcast, the program was interrupted for a news bulletin announcing that North Korea had declared war on South Korea, marking the start of the Korean War.^[3]

A highly condensed version of the story was released on a 78 rpm disk by Capitol Records in 1950 as part of the "Bozo Approved" series, under the title of Destination Moon (Adapted From The George Pal Production by Charles Palmer).^[4] The narrator was Tom Reddy; Billy May composed incidental and background music. The story took considerable liberties with the film's plot and characters, though the general shape of the story remains.

Awards

It won the Academy Award for Visual Effects in the name of the effects director, (Lee Zavitz). The film was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction (Ernst Fegte, George Sawley).^[5] At the 1st Berlin International Film Festival it won the Bronze Berlin Bear (Thrillers and Adventure Films) award.^[6]

The film was also nominated for AFI's Top 10 Science Fiction Films list.^[7]

See also

• Harpalus crater
• List of American films of 1950
• List of films in the public domain

References

1. ^ Destination Moon at the Internet Movie Database
2. ^ Aline Mosby (November 6 1949). "'Rocket Ship' Built For Moon Story". St. Petersburg Times: p. 36. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KFtIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Jk4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5031,349300. Retrieved June 10 2011. 
3. ^ "Dimension X - Destination Moon (6-24-50)". Boxcars711 Old Time Radio Pod. http://www.mediafly.com/Podcasts/Episodes/Dimension_X_Destination_Moon_62450_1. Retrieved 2009-04-08. 
4. ^ Week 46
5. ^ "NY Times: Destination Moon". NY Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/13419/Destination-Moon/details. Retrieved 2008-12-20. 
6. ^ "1st Berlin International Film Festival: Prize Winners". berlinale.de. http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1951/03_preistr_ger_1951/03_Preistraeger_1951.html. 
7. ^ AFI's 10 Top 10 Ballot

External links

• Destination Moon at the Internet Movie Database
• Destination Moon is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
• Destination Moon entire film at YouTube
• Destination Moon film trailer at You Tube