Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad

Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad
The original Ma and Pa, with the former PRR's York–Hanover, Pennsylvania branch highlighted
Reporting mark	MPA
Locale	York county in Pennsylvania, and Baltimore and Harford counties and Baltimore City in Maryland
Dates of operation	1901–1999
Successor	York Railway
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge)
Length	Baltimore–York line: 77.2 miles (124.2 km) York–Hanover line: 19 miles (31 km)[1]
Headquarters	York, Pennsylvania formerly Baltimore, Maryland

The Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad (reporting mark MPA), familiarly known as the "Ma and Pa", was an American short-line railroad between York and Hanover, Pennsylvania, formerly operating passenger and freight trains on its original line between York and Baltimore, Maryland, from 1901 until the 1950s. The Ma and Pa was popular with railfans in the 1930s and 1940s for its antique equipment and curving, picturesque right-of-way through the hills of rural Maryland and Pennsylvania. Reflecting its origin as the unintended product of the merger of two 19th-century narrow gauge railways, the meandering Ma and Pa line took 77.2 miles (124 km) to connect Baltimore and York, although the two cities are only 45 miles (72 km) apart in a straight line.^[2]

Passenger service was discontinued on August 31, 1954, and the section from Baltimore to Whiteford, Maryland (just south of the Mason-Dixon line demarcating the Pennsylvania-Maryland border) was abandoned in June 1958. Most of the remaining original railroad line was abandoned by 1984. The Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad acquired a former 19-mile (31 km) Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) branch line between York and Hanover in the 1980s, now operated by a successor corporation, York Railway.^[3]

History

19th-century predecessors

The Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad was formed from two earlier 19th-century 3-foot (914 mm) narrow gauge railways: the Baltimore & Delta Railway, later the Baltimore & Lehigh Railway, and the York & Peach Bottom Railway, later the York Southern Railroad.^[4] Construction of the Baltimore & Delta Railway started in 1881, and passenger trains between Baltimore and Towson, Maryland began on April 17, 1882, extended to Bel Air, Maryland on June 21, 1883.^[5] The following January, the line was completed to Delta, Pennsylvania.

In Pennsylvania, the York & Peach Bottom Railway was incorporated in 1871, laying 3-foot (914 mm) gauge track between York and Red Lion by August 1874 and completing its line to Delta in 1876.^[6] Both railroads struggled with light freight traffic and financial difficulties in the 1890s. Because of their narrow gauge construction, the Baltimore & Lehigh Railway and York Southern Railroad could not interchange freight cars with other lines.^[2] Finally, the Baltimore & Lehigh Railway and York Southern Railroad converted to standard gauge between 1898–1900 and subsequently merged to form the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad on February 12, 1901.^[4] The result was the circuitous, 77.2-mile (124 km) "Ma and Pa" route between Baltimore and York, compared to the competing Pennsylvania Railroad's more direct 56-mile (90 km) distance between the two cities on its Northern Central Railway division.^[2] The completed line had grades up to 2.3 percent and 55 sharp curves of 16–20 degrees (most mainline railroads seldom exceed six degrees, and even the former Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad's mainline through the Rocky Mountains does not exceed 12 degrees).^[2]

20th century

Former Ma and Pa Station in Red Lion, Pennsylvania

Following the merger, the Ma and Pa operated through passenger and freight trains between York and Baltimore, as well as local trains at each end of the line, hauling mail and express, slate, marble, anthracite coal, lumber, furniture, and agricultural products to market.^[2] Particularly on the Pennsylvania Division (Delta–York), slate from Delta and manufactured goods from Red Lion and York were mainstays of the railroad's outbound freight traffic in the early years.^[7] On the Maryland Division, inbound anthracite coal deliveries accounted for a significant volume of carloadings, along with milk from the many dairy farms in the area.^[7][8] One early morning train from Fallston boarded more than 1,100 gallons of milk daily and was dubbed the "Milky Way".^[8] The line was profitable and traffic volume was such that additional locomotives were necessary.

Baldwin 0-6-0 locomotive #30, built in 1913 and owned by the Ma & Pa until 1956, was typical of the line's aged equipment.

The Ma and Pa acquired two 0-6-0 Baldwin switchers in 1913, #29 and #30 (pictured), called "jewels of engines, in some respects the most attractive the road had", by writer George Hilton in The Ma & Pa – A History of the Maryland & Pennsylvania Railroad.^[9] The next year, three 2-8-0 "Consolidations" by Baldwin were added to the roster, providing more powerful locomotives for the Baltimore–York through freights.^[9] At its peak, the railroad had 16 locomotives and 160 pieces of rolling stock, with 573 employees.^[10]

Final "Ma and Pa" passenger timetable, 1954

With increasing competition from trucks and automobiles in the 1920s, passenger volume began to decline along with less-than-carload freight, such as milk from the many dairy farms along the Ma and Pa's pastoral route. The Ma and Pa substituted more economical, self-propelled gas-electric passenger cars for steam-powered passenger trains in 1927–1928. Carload freight volume increased in the 1920s, however, as more industries located along the line, and earnings were strong enough for the company to declare dividends in 1930 and 1931.^[11] The Ma and Pa's relative prosperity ended with the economic downturn during the Great Depression, which cut the railroad's gross revenues by half from 1932 to 1935.^[12]

In the mid-1930s, the Ma and Pa became an early favorite of railfans, attracted by its hilly, curving line through rural Maryland and Pennsylvania. The railroad offered several popular fan excursions pulled by its elderly steam locomotives.^[13]

Following the end of World War II, the Ma and Pa acquired four diesel locomotives for more economical operations, but traffic declined significantly. When the Ma and Pa's mail contract was cancelled by the U.S. postal service, the railroad discontinued all passenger service on August 31, 1954.^[14] One person on the last passenger train recalled that many riders came from as far away as Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C., to participate in the historic event, along with members of the National Railway Historical Society.^[15] The picturesque line's last steam engine dropped its fire for the final time on November 29, 1956.^[10]

The last "Ma and Pa" train departs Towson, Maryland, on June 11, 1958

The lack of traffic on the railroad's 44-mile (71 km) Baltimore–Whiteford Maryland Division in the 1950s was particularly acute. One of the last major shipments to occur was Indiana limestone for the construction of Baltimore's Cathedral of Mary Our Queen in 1956.^[16] The Baltimore–Whiteford segment in Maryland was finally abandoned altogether on June 11, 1958, leaving only the stone abutments where the tracks crossed York Road in Towson on a steel girder bridge. A local group of history buffs placed a bronze plaque on the west abutment in 1999, commemorating the departed railroad's place in Towson history.^[17]

In the 1960s, the Ma and Pa Railroad continued to solicit business along its line for its remaining 34.8-mile (56.0 km) Whiteford–York segment, almost entirely in Pennsylvania. In 1964, it added a siding 905 feet (276 m) long near Red Lion to serve a new cigar box factory.^[18] In 1971, the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad was acquired by Emons Industries.^[19] Primarily hauling slate from a quarry at Delta, and furniture from a factory in Red Lion, the Ma and Pa's Pennsylvania Division continued in operation until June 14, 1978, when the line was further reduced to the 9-mile (14 km) York–Red Lion section.^[10] The Red Lion freight station was closed on November 1, 1980; when the Pennsylvania town's furniture manufacturer shuttered its doors in 1984, the Red Lion section of the railroad was also abandoned.^[3][10]

Currently

Locomotive #81, an EMD NW2 acquired in 1946, now at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania

The Emons-controlled Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad acquired 19 miles (31 km) of a former Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) branch line between York and Hanover, Pennsylvania in the 1980s.^[3] In December 1999, Emons merged its Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad subsidiary with another area short-line, Yorkrail, forming the York Railway.^[20] In 2002, Genesee and Wyoming gained control of the 42-mile (68 km) York Railway, including the former Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad trackage between York–Hanover.^[19] The York Railway currently serves 40 online rail customers and connects with the Norfolk Southern and CSX railroads.^[21]

A small, 3-mile (5 km) fragment of the original railroad line still exists between Laurel and Muddy Creek Forks in York County, Pennsylvania, maintained by the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad Preservation Society.^[3][8] Founded by enthusiasts and former employees in 1986, the group has restored the Muddy Creek Forks station and also has a small collection of rolling stock there.^[8] The preserved Red Lion station is now a museum operated by the Red Lion Area Historical Society.^[10] Another section of the Ma and Pa's old right-of-way was converted in 1998 to a rail trail in Harford County, Maryland. Now 6 miles (10 km) long, the MA & PA Heritage Trail through Bel Air is used for hiking and biking.^[22]

In Baltimore, near Pennsylvania Station, Ma and Pa track remnants and the old roundhouse, freight shed, and yard shed are still extant.^[23] The Baltimore Streetcar Museum now operates in this area.

See also

• Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad Preservation Society
• Film of steam-powered excursion train on the Ma & Pa, powered by Canadian Pacific 4-6-2 engine #1286.
• Ghosts of the Maryland & Pennsylvania Railroad (Baltimore area)
• "Ma and Pa" Railroad in Towson, Md.

References

1. ^ Official Guide of the Railways. New York: National Railway Publication Co., February 1956, p. 347.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Frank P. Donovan, editor (1949). "The Ma & Pa by William Moedinger Jr.". Railroads of America. Milwaukee, WI: Kalmbach Publishing. LCCN 49-048570. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Craig Sansonetti (1997-06-05). "A History of the Maryland & Pennsylvania Railroad". Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad Preservation Society. Archived from the original on December 30, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051230233324/http://www.maandparailroad.com/mapahistory.html. Retrieved 2008-05-25. 
4. ^ ^{a b} George W. Hilton (1963). The Ma & Pa — A History of the Maryland & Pennsylvania Railroad. Berkeley, CA: Howell-North Books. p. 61. LCCN 63-017444. 
5. ^ Hilton, p. 22.
6. ^ Hilton, p. 11.
7. ^ ^{a b} Hilton, p. 83.
8. ^ ^{a b c d} Allen, Bob (October 15, 2003). "Recalling the little engine that could". The Towson Times: p. 34. 
9. ^ ^{a b} Hilton, p. 87.
10. ^ ^{a b c d e} "The Red Lion Train Station History". Red Lion (Pa.) Area Historical Society. 2007-06-25. http://www.redlionpa.org/history.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-07. 
11. ^ Hilton, p. 111.
12. ^ Hilton, p. 114.
13. ^ Herbert H. Harwood, Jr. (2004–2005). "Maryland & Pennsylvania Railroad: The 'Ma & Pa'". Maryland Online Encyclopedia. http://www.mdoe.org/md_penn_railroad.html. Retrieved 2008-07-07. 
14. ^ Hilton, p. 141.
15. ^ John R. Eicker (August 30, 1964). "The Ma and Pa's Last Run from Baltimore to York". The Baltimore Sun. 
16. ^ Hilton, p. 151.
17. ^ Loni Ingraham (May 26, 1999). "'Ma and Pa' railroad abutments get HTI plaque". The Towson Times. 
18. ^ Paul Kulishek (Spring 2008). "White Flag Extra". Timetable (Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad Historical Society) 23 (2): 16. 
19. ^ ^{a b} "About the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad". The Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad Historical Society. 2008-01-25. http://www.maparailroadhist.org/history.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-30. 
20. ^ "Emons Transportation kicks off new growth plan". Railway Age. 2000-01-01. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-59363032.html. Retrieved 2008-05-30. 
21. ^ "York Railway Company". Genesee and Wyoming Inc. http://www.gwrr.com/default.cfm?action=rail&section=3B16a. Retrieved 2008-05-30. 
22. ^ "Bel Air trail chugs along". The Baltimore Sun. 2008-06-02. p. 2B. 
23. ^ "Ghosts of the Maryland and Pennsylvania". http://www.btco.net/ghosts/railroads/mpa/mapa.html. Retrieved 13 May 2011. 

External links

• York Railway, official Genesee and Wyoming website
• The Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad Historical Society
• MA and PA Railroad Preservation Society
• Ma and Pa Railroad History in Harford County (MA & PA Heritage Trail website)