0-6-0

The term 0-6-0 (pronounced 'oh-six-oh') is the Whyte notation for the wheel arrangement of a locomotive with six powered driving wheels (thus three powered axles), and neither leading nor trailing wheels. It mainly applies to steam locomotives.

Other equivalent classifications are:

UIC classification: C (also known as German classification and Italian classification)

French classification: 030

Turkish classification: 33

Swiss classification: 3/3

In the UIC classification popular in Europe, the same arrangement is written as C (if the wheels are coupled with rods or gears) or Co (if they are independently driven).

Overview

The 0-6-0 was generally considered a switcher (UK: shunter) type, since its lack of guiding axles meant that it was less stable at speed, yet its lack of unpowered axles meant that all weight was adhesive weight and thus tractive effort and factor of adhesion were maximised. The 0-6-0 became possibly the most common wheel arrangement for switchers worldwide; the 0-4-0 proved to be too small and not powerful enough for most applications, while the 0-6-0 proved to be 'just right'. 0-8-0 and larger switchers were popular, but many smaller and lighter railways could not use them.

The type could also be used for longer runs when high speeds were not required nor greater hauling ability than the 0-6-0 could provide. Branch line work and lighter freight runs were well within the capabilities of an 0-6-0.

In the United States, huge numbers of 0-6-0 switchers were produced. The USRA 0-6-0 was the smallest of the USRA Standard classes designed and produced during the brief government control of the railroads through the USRA during World War I. 255 of them were built and ended up in the hands of about two dozen US railroads; in addition, many of them (and others) built numerous copies after the war. The Pennsylvania Railroad rostered over 1,200 0-6-0 types over the years, which were classed as type B on that system. US 0-6-0s were generally tender locomotives.

In the United Kingdom, 0-6-0 tank locomotives were the most common locomotive type on all railways throughout the twentieth century. They were used whenever high speeds were not required and an 0-6-0 was 'big enough' for the task, including much branch line work, shunting tasks, and (often in the form of tender locomotives) light to medium weight slower freight trains. All of the Big Four companies to emerge from the Grouping, in 1923, used them in large numbers. The Great Western Railway had a particular liking for the type, especially in pannier tank form, a type they produced until Nationalisation in 1948. The ultimate British 0-6-0 was the Q1 "Austerity" type developed by the Southern Railway during the Second World War to haul very heavy freight trains: it was the most powerful steam 0-6-0 design produced in Europe.

When diesel shunters began to be introduced, the 0-6-0 type became the most common also; many of the British Railways shunter types were 0-6-0s, including Class 03, the standard 'light' shunter, and Class 08 and Class 09, the standard heavier shunters.

Continental Europe railways also used 0-6-0s, though possibly not in the proportions used in the UK; they were generally reserved for light switching requirements, station pilot duties and the like, and on very small branch lines. Larger tank engines were used for the majority of branch line services.

Inside cylinders

The first 0-6-0 with inside cylinders was built for the Leicester and Swannington Railway in 1834. Although inside cylinders were more difficult to build and maintain, and, in the early days, prone to breakage of the crank axles, the engines were more stable than their outside-cylindered counterparts. The design was so successful that it was the basic pattern for many goods engines over the next hundred years. The cramped space between the wheels was a factor in the choice of a wider gauge in some railways overseas.

In Fiction

In The Railway Series, there are 5 steam locomotives and 2 diesel locomotives who have this configuration: Thomas, Toby, Duck, Donald and Douglas, Diesel and Mavis.

External links

* [http://www.saunalahti.fi/~animato/3003/index060.html Building a 1/8 scale Live Steam 0-6-0 locomotive] This site includes a full 1914 factory drawing of a Finnish 0-6-0 switcher.

See also

* USATC S100 Class - A class of 0-6-0 built by American manufacturers for use in Europe during World War II