Naming of moons

The naming of moons has been the responsibility of the International Astronomical Union's committee for Planetary System Nomenclature since 1973. That committee is known today as the Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).

Prior to its formation, the names of satellites have had varying histories. The choice of names is often determined by a satellite's discoverer; however, historically some satellites were not given names for many years after their discovery; for instance, Titan was discovered by Huygens in 1655, but was not named until 1847, almost two centuries later.

Before the IAU assumed responsibility for astronomical nomenclature, only twenty-five satellites had been given names that were in wide use and are still used.^[1] Since then, names have been given to 127 additional satellites: 45 satellites of Jupiter, 43 of Saturn, 22 of Uranus, 11 of Neptune, 3 of Pluto, 1 of Eris, and 2 of Haumea. The number will continue to rise as current satellite discoveries are documented and new satellites are discovered.

At the IAU General Assembly in July 2004,^[2] the WGPSN suggested it may become advisable to not name small satellites, as CCD technology makes it possible to discover satellites as small as 1 km in diameter. To date, however, names have been applied to all moons discovered, regardless of size.

Naming of moons by solar system object

Earth

Main article: Moon

Every human language has its own word for the Earth's Moon, and these words are the ones normally used in astronomical contexts. However, a number of fanciful or mythological names for the Moon have been used in the context of astronomy (an even larger number of lunar epithets have been used in non-astronomical contexts). In the 17th century, the Moon was sometimes referred to as Proserpina. More recently, especially in science-fictional contexts, the Moon has been called by the Latin name Luna, presumably on the analogy of the Latin names of the planets, or by association with the adjectival form lunar. In technical terminology, the word-stems seleno- (from Greek selēnē "moon") and cynthi- (from Cynthia, an epithet of the goddess Artemis) are sometimes used to refer to the Moon, as in selenography, selenology, and pericynthion.

Mars

Main article: Moons of Mars

The moons of Mars (Phobos and Deimos) were named by Asaph Hall in 1878, soon after he discovered them. They are named after the sons of the god Mars (the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Ares).

Jupiter

Main article: Moons of Jupiter

The Galilean moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto) were named by Simon Marius soon after their discovery in 1610. However, by the late 19th century these names had fallen out of favor, and for a long time it was most common to refer to them in the astronomical literature simply as "Jupiter I", "Jupiter II", etc., or as "the first satellite of Jupiter", "Jupiter's second satellite", etc.

By the first decade of the 20th century, the names Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto had once again recovered popularity, but the later-discovered moons, numbered, usually in Roman numerals V (5) through XII (12), remained unnamed.^[3] By a popular though unofficial convention, Jupiter V, discovered in 1892, was given the name Amalthea,^[4] first used by the French astronomer Camille Flammarion.^[5]

The other moons (discovered 1904 to 1951) were, in the overwhelming majority of astronomical literature, simply left nameless. No names were proposed until Brian G. Marsden suggested a nomenclature for these satellites in 1955.^[6] Although the 1955 names met with immediate acceptance in some quarters (e.g. in science fiction^[7] and popular science articles^[8]), they were still rarely if ever met in astronomical literature until the 1970s.^[9]

Two other proposals for naming the satellites were made between 1955 and 1975, both by Soviet astronomers, E. I. Nesterovich (in 1962) and Yu. A. Karpenko (in 1973).^[10] These met with no very enthusiastic reception.

In 1975, following Charles Kowal's discovery of the satellite Jupiter XIII in 1974 the IAU Task Group for Outer Solar System Nomenclature granted names to satellites V-XIII, and provided for a formal naming process for future satellites to be discovered. Under the new process, Jupiter V continued as Amalthea, Jupiter XIII was named Leda in accordance with a suggestion of Kowal's, and all previous proposals for the seven satellites VI-XII were abandoned in favor of new names, in accordance with a scheme suggested by the German philologist Jürgen Blunck.^[11]

The new names met considerable protest from some quarters. Kowal, despite suggesting a name for Jupiter XIII, was of the opinion that Jupiter's irregular satellites should not be named at all.^[12] Carl Sagan noted that the names chosen were extraordinarily obscure (a fact that Tobias Owen, chair of the Task Group, admitted was intentional in a response to Sagan^[10]) and suggested his own names in 1976;^[13] these preserved some of the names from the 1955 proposal.

The proposals are summarized in the table below (data from Icarus^[10][13])

Number	1955 Proposal Brian Marsden[6]	1962 Proposal E. I. Nesterovich[14]	1973 Proposal Yu. A. Karpenko[15]	1975 Proposal IAU Committee[10]	1976 Proposal Carl Sagan[13]
Jupiter VI	Hestia	Atlas	Adrastea	Himalia	Maia
Jupiter VII	Hera	Hercules	Ida	Elara	Hera
Jupiter VIII	Poseidon	Persephone	Helen	Pasiphaë	Alcmene
Jupiter IX	Hades	Cerberus	Leda	Sinope	Leto
Jupiter X	Demeter	Prometheus	Latona	Lysithea	Demeter
Jupiter XI	Pan	Dedalus	Danae	Carme	Semele
Jupiter XII	Adrastea	Hephaestus	Semele	Ananke	Danae

Current practice is that newly discovered moons of Jupiter must be named after lovers of the mythological Jupiter (Zeus). A convention has also emerged among the outer moons, whereby prograde moons are given names ending in 'a' or 'o', and retrograde moons receive names ending in 'e'. In 2004, with new Jovian moons continuing to be discovered, these rules were found to be excessively restrictive. At the IAU General Assembly in July 2004,^[2] the WGPSN therefore allowed Jovian satellites to be named for Zeus' descendants in addition to his lovers and favorites which were the previous source of names. All of Jupiter's satellites from XXXIV (Euporie) on are named for daughters of Zeus.

Saturn

Main article: Moons of Saturn

In 1847 the seven then known moons of Saturn were named by John Herschel. Herschel named Saturn's two innermost moons (Mimas and Enceladus) after the mythological Greek Giants, and the outer five after the Titans (Titan, Iapetus) and Titanesses (Tethys, Dione, Rhea) of the same mythology. Until then, Titan was known as the "Huygenian (or Huyghenian) satellite of Saturn" and the other moons had Roman numeral designations in order of their distance from Saturn. Subsequent discoverers of Saturnian moons followed Herschel's scheme: Hyperion was discovered soon after in 1848, and the ninth moon, Phoebe, was named by its discoverer in 1899 soon after its discovery; they were named for a Titan and a Titaness respectively. The name of Janus was suggested by its discoverer, Audouin Dollfus.

Current IAU practice for newly discovered inner moons is to continue with Herschel's system, naming them after Titans or their descendants. However, the increasing number of moons that were being discovered in the 21st century caused the IAU to draw up a new scheme for the outer moons. At the IAU General Assembly in July 2004,^[2] the WGPSN allowed satellites of Saturn to have names of giants and monsters in mythologies other than the Greco-Roman. Since the outer moons fall naturally into three groups, one group is named after Norse giants, one after Gallic giants, and one after Inuit giants. The only moon that fails to fit this scheme is the Greek-named Phoebe, which is in the Norse group.

Uranus

Main article: Moons of Uranus

The Roman numbering scheme of Uranus' moons was in a state of flux for a considerable time. Sir William Herschel thought he had discovered up to six moons and maybe even a ring. For nearly fifty years, Herschel's instrument was the only one the moons had been seen with.^[16] In the 1840s, better instruments and a more favourable position of Uranus in the sky led to sporadic indications of satellites additional to Titania and Oberon. Publications hesitated between William Herschel's designations (where Titania and Oberon are Uranus II and IV) and William Lassell's (where they are sometimes I and II).^[17] With the confirmation of Ariel and Umbriel, Lassell numbered the moons I through IV from Uranus outward, and this finally stuck.^[18]

The first two Uranian moons, discovered in 1787, did not receive names until 1852, a year after two more moons had been discovered. The responsibility for naming was taken by John Herschel, son of the discoverer of Uranus. Herschel, instead of assigning names from Greek mythology, named the moons after magical spirits in English literature: the fairies Oberon and Titania from William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, and the sylphs Ariel and Umbriel from Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock (Ariel is also a sprite in Shakespeare's The Tempest). The reasoning was presumably that Uranus, as god of the sky and air, would be attended by spirits of the air.

Subsequent names, rather than continuing the "airy spirits" theme (only Puck and Mab continuing the trend), have focused on Herschel's source material. In 1949, the fifth moon, Miranda, was named by its discoverer, Gerard Kuiper, after a thoroughly mortal character in Shakespeare's The Tempest. Current IAU practice is to name moons after characters from Shakespeare's plays and The Rape of the Lock (although at present only Ariel, Umbriel, and Belinda have names drawn from the latter poem, all the rest being from Shakespeare). At first, the outermost moons were all named after characters from one play, The Tempest; but with Margaret being named from Much Ado About Nothing that trend has ended.

Neptune

Main article: Moons of Neptune

The one known moon (at the time) of Neptune was not named for many decades. Although the name Triton was suggested in 1880 by Camille Flammarion, it did not come into general use until the mid 20th-century, and for many years was considered "unofficial". In the astronomical literature it was simply referred to as "the satellite of Neptune". Later, the second known moon, Nereid, was named by its discoverer in 1949, Gerard P. Kuiper, soon after its discovery.

Current IAU practice for newly discovered Neptunian moons is to accord with these first two choices by naming them after Greek sea deities.

Pluto

Main article: Moons of Pluto

The name of Pluto's moon Charon was suggested by James W. Christy, its discoverer, soon after its discovery.

As of June 22, 2006, the other two moons are named Hydra and Nix.

Charon, Hydra and Nix are all characters in Greek mythology, with ties to Hades (the Greek equivalent of Pluto). Charon ferried the dead across the River Acheron, Hydra guarded the waters of the underworld, and Nix (a respelling of Nyx), mother of Charon, was the goddess of darkness and the night.

Eris

Main article: Dysnomia (moon)

The name of Eris's moon Dysnomia was suggested by its discoverer Michael E. Brown, who also suggested the name of the dwarf planet. The name has two meanings: in mythology Dysnomia (lawlessness) is the daughter of Eris (chaos). However, the name is also an intentional reference to the actor Lucy Lawless who plays the character Xena. The background for this is that during the long period when Eris had no formal name, the name 'Xena' – originally Brown's nickname for his discovery – spread and became popular. When the name 'Eris' was chosen, Brown suggested Dysnomia (which until then had been referred to as Gabrielle) as a reference to this.^[19] Hence, Dysnomia is the only moon^{[citation needed]} which could be said to be named after an actor. The names Eris and Dysnomia were accepted by the IAU on 14 September 2006.

Haumea

Main article: Moons of Haumea

The name of Haumea and its moons were suggested by David L. Rabinowitz of Caltech and refer to the mother goddess and her daughters in Hawaiian mythology.

Asteroids and Kuiper Belt Objects

Main article: Asteroid moon

Unlike the planets and dwarf planets, relatively few moons orbiting asteroids have been named. Among them are the following:

Name of moon	Name of primary	Roman numeral
Dactyl	243 Ida	I
Echidna	42355 Typhon	I
Linus	22 Kalliope	I
Menoetius	617 Patroclus	I
Petit-Prince	45 Eugenia	I
Phorcys	65489 Ceto	I
Remus	87 Sylvia	II
Romulus	87 Sylvia	I
Sawiskera	88611 Teharonhiawako	I
Zoe	58534 Logos	I

Roman numeral designations

The Roman numbering system for satellites arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's Moon: Galileo referred to the Galilean moons as I through IV (counting from Jupiter outward), refusing to adopt the names proposed by his rival Simon Marius. Similar numbering schemes naturally arose with the discovery of multiple moons around Saturn, Uranus, and Mars. The numbers initially designated the moons in orbital sequence, and were re-numbered after each new discovery; for instance, before the discovery of Mimas and Enceladus in 1789, Tethys was Saturn I, Dione Saturn II, etc.,^[20] but after the new moons were discovered, Mimas became Saturn I, Enceladus Saturn II, Tethys Saturn III and Dione Saturn IV.

In the middle of the 19th century, however, the numeration became fixed, and later discoveries failed to conform with the orbital sequence scheme. Amalthea, discovered in 1892, was labelled "Jupiter V" although it orbits closer to Jupiter than does Io (Jupiter I). The unstated convention then became, at the close of the 19th century, that the numbers more or less reflected the order of discovery, except for prior historical exceptions (see Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites); though if a large number of satellites were discovered in a short span of time, the group could be numbered in orbital sequence, or according to other principles than strictly by order of discovery. The convention has been extended to natural satellites of minor planets, such as (87) Sylvia I Romulus.

Roman numerals are usually not assigned to satellites until they are named, so many satellites that have been discovered but only have provisional designations do not have Roman numerals assigned to them. (An exception is Saturn's moon Helene, which received the Roman numberal XII in 1982, but was not named until 1988.) Since the International Astronomical Union began assigning names to all satellites in 1975, the use of Roman numeral designations has diminished, and some are very rarely used; Phobos and Deimos are rarely referred to as Mars I and Mars II, and the Moon is never referred to as "Earth I".

The thirteen named satellites of Saturn from Aegir to Surtur, were named in alphabetical order corresponding to their Roman numerals.

Timeline

Pre-IAU names

The following names were adopted by informal processes preceding the assumption by the IAU of control over the assignment of satellite nomenclature in 1973.

Pre-IAU Names

Date	Namer	Name	Image	Planet/Number Designation	Discovery date	References/Notes
17th century
1614	Simon Marius	Io		Jupiter I	1610	Marius (Simon Mayr), in his book Mundus Iovialis anno M.DC.IX Detectus Ope Perspicilli Belgici, names the Galilean moons, and attributes the suggestion to Johannes Kepler.
		Europa		Jupiter II
		Ganymede		Jupiter III
		Callisto		Jupiter IV
19th century
1847	John Herschel	Mimas		Saturn I	1789	Herschel named the seven known satellites of Saturn in his book Results of Astronomical Observations made at the Cape of Good Hope, as reported by William Lassell, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 42–43 January 14, 1848)
		Enceladus		Saturn II
		Tethys		Saturn III	1684
		Dione		Saturn IV
		Rhea		Saturn V	1672
		Titan		Saturn VI	1655
		Iapetus		Saturn VIII	1671
1848	William Lassell	Hyperion		Saturn VII	1847	Lassell, following John Herschel's suggested scheme, names Hyperion Discovery of a New Satellite of Saturn, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 8, No. 9, pp. 195–197.
1852	John Herschel	Ariel		Uranus I	1851	Herschel named the four known satellites of Uranus in Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 34, No. 812, pp. 325/326, 21 June 1852 (communication dated 26 May 1852.)
		Umbriel		Uranus II
		Titania		Uranus III	1787
		Oberon		Uranus IV
1878	Asaph Hall	Phobos		Mars I	1877	Hall named his two newly-discovered satellites of Mars Phobus and Deimus: Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 92, No. 2187, pp. 47/48 14 March 1878 (signed 7 February 1878). The names were subsequently amended to Phobos and Deimos.
		Deimos		Mars II
1880	Camille Flammarion	Triton		Neptune I	1846	Flammarion suggested the name Triton in his 1880 book Astronomie populaire, p. 591. The name was considered unofficial for decades afterwards.
c. 1893	Camille Flammarion	Amalthea		Jupiter V	1892	Flammarion suggested the name Amalthea in correspondence with discoverer E. E. Barnard. Barnard declined to propose any name, however, and Amalthea remained an unofficial name until its adoption by the IAU in 1975.
April 1899	William Henry Pickering	Phoebe		Saturn IX	1899	Pickering suggested the name Phoebe in A New Satellite of Saturn, Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 274–276, April 1899, by his brother Edward C. Pickering.
20th century
April 1939	Seth Barnes Nicholson declines to name satellites of Jupiter he has discovered (Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 51, No. 300, pp. 85–94, signed March 1939)
June 1949	Gerard P. Kuiper	Miranda		Uranus V	1948	Kuiper proposed the name Miranda in his report of the discovery, The Fifth Satellite of Uranus, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 61, No. 360, p. 129, June 1949.
August 1949	Gerard P. Kuiper	Nereid		Neptune II	1949	Kuiper proposed the name Nereid in his report of the discovery, The second satellite of Neptune, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 61, No. 361, pp. 175–176, August 1949.
1 February 1967	Audouin Dollfus	Janus		Saturn X	1966	Dollfus named Janus in a report of 1 February 1967 relating to its discovery (IAUC 1995: Saturn X (Janus)).

IAU names

The following names were selected through a formal process controlled by the IAU. Only in a few cases is the person who chose the name identified.

20th century

IAU Names - 20th century
Date	Name	Image	Planet/Number Designation	Discovery date	References/Notes
7 October 1975	Himalia		Jupiter VI	1904	IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter. Also confirmed the name Amalthea.
	Elara		Jupiter VII	1905
	Pasiphaë		Jupiter VIII	1908
	Sinope		Jupiter IX	1914
	Lysithea		Jupiter X	1938
	Carme		Jupiter XI
	Ananke		Jupiter XII	1951
	Leda		Jupiter XIII	1974
1982	Epimetheus		Saturn XI	1980	Transactions of the International Astronomical Union, Vol. XVIIIA, 1982. Mentioned in IAUC 3872. Also confirmed the name Janus.
	Telesto		Saturn XIII
	Calypso		Saturn XIV
30 September 1983	Thebe		Jupiter XIV	1979	IAUC 3872: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn
	Adrastea		Jupiter XV
	Metis		Jupiter XVI
30 September 1983	Atlas		Saturn XV	1980	IAUC 3872: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn
3 January 1986	Prometheus		Saturn XVI		IAUC 4157: Satellites of Saturn and Pluto
	Pandora		Saturn XVII
3 January 1986	Charon		Pluto I	1978	IAUC 4157: Satellites of Saturn and Pluto. James W. Christy announced the name Charon shortly after his discovery of the satellite in 1978, but the name remained unofficial until its adoption by the IAU in 1986.
8 June 1988	Helene		Saturn XII	1980	IAUC 4609: Satellites of Saturn and Uranus
8 June 1988	Cordelia		Uranus VI	1986	IAUC 4609: Satellites of Saturn and Uranus
	Ophelia		Uranus VII
	Bianca		Uranus VIII
	Cressida		Uranus IX
	Desdemona		Uranus X
	Juliet		Uranus XI
	Portia		Uranus XII
	Rosalind		Uranus XIII
	Belinda		Uranus XIV
	Puck		Uranus XV	1985
16 September 1991	Pan		Saturn XVIII	1990	IAUC 5347: Satellites of Saturn and Neptune
16 September 1991	Naiad		Neptune III	1989	IAUC 5347: Satellites of Saturn and Neptune
	Thalassa		Neptune IV
	Despina		Neptune V
	Galatea		Neptune VI
	Larissa		Neptune VII
	Proteus		Neptune VIII
30 April 1998	Caliban		Uranus XVI	1997	B. J. Gladman, P. D. Nicholson, J. A. Burns, J. J. Kavelaars, B. G. Marsden, G. V. Williams and W. B. Offutt propose the names Caliban and Sycorax in their account of the discovery: Gladman, Brett J.; Nicholson, Philip D.; Burns, Joseph A.; Kavelaars, JJ; Marsden, Brian G.; Williams, Gareth V.; Offutt, Warren B. (1998). "Discovery of two distant irregular moons of Uranus". Nature 392 (6679): 897–899. Bibcode 1998Natur.392..897G. doi:10.1038/31890.  edit. (The IAU appears to have adopted these names prior to those reported in IAUC 7479.)
	Sycorax		Uranus XVII
21 August 2000	Prospero		Uranus XVIII	1999	IAUC 7479: Satellites of Uranus
	Setebos		Uranus XIX
	Stephano		Uranus XX

21st century

IAU Names - 21st century
Date	Name	Image	Planet/Number Designation	Discovery date	References/Notes
22 October 2002	Callirrhoë		Jupiter XVII	1999	IAUC 7998: Satellites of Jupiter
	Themisto		Jupiter XVIII	2000
	Megaclite		Jupiter XIX	2001	Spelled "Magaclite" in IAUC 7998; corrected 29 November 2002 in IAUC 8023: Satellites of Jupiter.
	Taÿgete		Jupiter XX		IAUC 7998: Satellites of Jupiter
	Chaldene		Jupiter XXI
	Harpalyke		Jupiter XXII	2000
	Kalyke		Jupiter XXIII	2001
	Iocaste		Jupiter XXIV
	Erinome		Jupiter XXV
	Isonoë		Jupiter XXVI
	Praxidike		Jupiter XXVII
8 August 2003	Autonoë		Jupiter XXVIII	2002	IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
	Thyone		Jupiter XXIX
	Hermippe		Jupiter XXX
	Aitne		Jupiter XXXI
	Eurydome		Jupiter XXXII
	Euanthe		Jupiter XXXIII
	Euporie		Jupiter XXXIV
	Orthosie		Jupiter XXXV
	Sponde		Jupiter XXXVI
	Kale		Jupiter XXXVII
	Pasitheë		Jupiter XXXVIII
8 August 2003	Ymir		Saturn XIX	2000	IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
	Paaliaq		Saturn XX
	Tarvos		Saturn XXI
	Ijiraq		Saturn XXII
	Suttungr		Saturn XXIII		Spelled "Suttung" in IAUC 8177; emended on 21 January 2005 in IAUC 8471: Satellites of Saturn.
	Kiviuq		Saturn XXIV		IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
	Mundilfari		Saturn XXV
	Albiorix		Saturn XXVI
	Skathi		Saturn XXVII		Spelled "Skadi" in IAUC 8177; emended on 21 January 2005 in IAUC 8471: Satellites of Saturn.
	Erriapus		Saturn XXVIII		Spelled "Erriapo" in IAUC 8177; corrected on 14 December 2007 (USGS)
	Siarnaq		Saturn XXIX		IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
	Thrymr		Saturn XXX		Spelled "Thrym" in IAUC 8177; emended on 21 January 2005 in IAUC 8471: Satellites of Saturn.
8 August 2003	Trinculo		Uranus XXI	2002	IAUC 8177: Satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
21 January 2005	Narvi		Saturn XXXI	2003	IAUC 8471: Satellites of Saturn
	Methone		Saturn XXXII	2004
	Pallene		Saturn XXXIII
	Polydeuces		Saturn XXXIV
30 March 2005	Hegemone		Jupiter XXXIX	2003	IAUC 8502: Satellites of Jupiter
	Mneme		Jupiter XL
	Aœde		Jupiter XLI
	Thelxinoë		Jupiter XLII	2004
	Arche		Jupiter XLIII	2002
	Kallichore		Jupiter XLIV	2003
	Helike		Jupiter XLV
	Carpo		Jupiter XLVI
	Eukelade		Jupiter XLVII
	Cyllene		Jupiter XLVIII
29 December 2005	Francisco		Uranus XXII	2006	IAUC 8648: Satellites of Uranus
	Margaret		Uranus XXIII
	Ferdinand		Uranus XXIV
	Perdita		Uranus XXV
	Mab		Uranus XXVI
	Cupid		Uranus XXVII
21 June 2006	Nix		Pluto II	2005	IAUC 8723: Satellites of Pluto
	Hydra		Pluto III
17 July 2006	Daphnis		Saturn XXXV	2005	IAUC 8730: Saturn XXXV (Daphnis) = S/2005 S 1
13 September 2006	Dysnomia		Eris I	2005	IAUC 8747: (134340) Pluto, (136199) Eris, and (136199) Eris I (Dysnomia)
3 February 2007	Halimede		Neptune IX	2002	IAUC 8802: Satellites of Neptune
	Psamathe		Neptune X	2003
	Sao		Neptune XI	2002
	Laomedeia		Neptune XII
	Neso		Neptune XIII
5 April 2007	Kore		Jupiter XLIX	2003	IAUC 8826: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn
5 April 2007	Ægir		Saturn XXXVI	2004	IAUC 8826: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn
	Bebhionn		Saturn XXXVII
	Bergelmir		Saturn XXXVIII
	Bestla		Saturn XXXIX
	Farbauti		Saturn XL
	Fenrir		Saturn XLI
	Fornjot		Saturn XLII
	Hati		Saturn XLIII
	Hyrrokkin		Saturn XLIV		Spelled "Hyrokkin" in IAUC 8826; corrected on 31 July 2007 in IAUC 8860: Saturn XLIV (Hyrrokkin)
	Kari		Saturn XLV	2006	IAUC 8826: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn
	Loge		Saturn XLVI
	Skoll		Saturn XLVII
	Surtur		Saturn XLVIII
20 September 2007	Anthe		Saturn XLIX	2007	IAUC 8873: Satellites of Saturn
	Jarnsaxa		Saturn L	2006
	Greip		Saturn LI
	Tarqeq		Saturn LII	2007
17 September 2008	Hiʻiaka		Haumea I	2005
	Namaka		Haumea II	2005
5 May 2009	Aegaeon		Saturn LIII	2009	IAUC 9041: New name/designation of satellite of Saturn (LIII), S/2008 S 1. (subscription only)
11 November 2009	Herse		Jupiter L	2003	IAUC 9094: Designation and name assigned to S/2003 J 17 (the 50th satellite of Jupiter to be so designated and named): Jupiter L (Herse). (subscription only)

Other references

• Astronomical Headlines
• Astronomical headlines (old)
• Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

See also

• Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons
• Astronomical naming conventions
• Provisional designation in astronomy
• Planetary nomenclature
• Name conflicts of solar system objects

Notes

1. ^ The Moon; Phobos and Deimos; Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, and Amalthea; Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, Hyperion, Iapetus, Phoebe and Janus; Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon and Miranda; Triton and Nereid.
2. ^ ^{a b c} [1]^{[dead link]}
3. ^ Nicholson, Seth Barnes (April 1939). "The Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 51 (300): 85–94. Bibcode 1939PASP...51...85N. doi:10.1086/125010. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0051//0000093.000.html. 
4. ^ Barnard, E. E. (1893). "Jupiter's fifth satellite". Popular Astronomy (1): 76–82. 
5. ^ USGS Astrogeology Research Program, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature[2]
6. ^ ^{a b} Marsden, Brian (1955). "Satellite Nomenclature". Journal of the British Astronomical Association 65: 308–310. 
7. ^ Asimov, Isaac (1957). Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter. Doubleday & Co.. ISBN 0553296825. 
8. ^ Asimov, Isaac (December 1963). "Roll Call". The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. 
9. ^ Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-134-78107-4. 
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Owen, Tobias (September 1976). "Jovian Satellite Nomenclature". Icarus 29 (1): 159–163. Bibcode 1976Icar...29..159O. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(76)90113-5. 
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