Maple Leaf (shipwreck)

MAPLE LEAF (Passenger Steamer) (Wreck)
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Reproduction of torpedo which sank the ship
Location:	Duval County, Florida, USA
Nearest city:	Jacksonville, Florida
Coordinates:	30°09′30″N 81°41′12″W / 30.15833°N 81.68667°W / 30.15833; -81.68667Coordinates: 30°09′30″N 81°41′12″W / 30.15833°N 81.68667°W / 30.15833; -81.68667
NRHP Reference#:	94001650[1]
Designated NHL:	October 12, 1994[2]

The Maple Leaf is a historic shipwreck in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. The Maple Leaf was first launched as a freight and passenger vessel from the Marine Railway Yard in Kingston, Ontario in 1851.^[3] The 181-foot side wheel steamer measured 24.7 feet at the beam.^[3]

Sinking

It was a Union American Civil War transport struck by a Confederate torpedo - what we would now call a mine - as it was crossing the St. Johns River near Jacksonville on April 1, 1864.^[3] Four crew members lost their lives in the sinking.^[3] This was the first torpedo casualty of the War.^[4] The USS Norwich was dispatched to assess the condition of the wreck on April 2, and Captain Henry W. Dale concluded his ship and cargo as a total loss.^[5]

Shipwreck

It is located in the St. Johns River, to the west of Mandarin area. The wreck was a threat to river navigation so the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers had all structural components above the ship's main deck removed to clear the channel.^[3] The shipwreck was rediscovered by the St. Johns Archaeological Expeditions, Inc. in 1984.^[3] Volunteers identified the wreck in 1992.^[6]

On October 12, 1994, it was desginated a National Historic Landmark.^[1]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "National Register of Historical Places - Florida (FL), Duval County". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-09-22. http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/FL/Duval/state2.html. 
2. ^ MAPLE LEAF (Passenger Steamer) (Wreck) at National Historic Landmarks Program
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f} FJ Cantelas, BA Rodgers (1997). "Tools, Techniques, and Zero Visibility Archaeology". In: EJ Maney, Jr and CH Ellis, Jr (Eds.) the Diving for Science...1997, Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences, Seventeenth annual Scientific Diving Symposium, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4636. Retrieved 2009-05-26. 
4. ^ Martin, Richard A. (1993). "The Great River War on the St. Johns.". The Maple Leaf: An Extraordinary American Civil War Shipwreck. Keith V. Holland, Lee B. Manley, and James W. Towart (eds.).. Saint Johns Archaeological Expeditions, Jacksonville, Florida.. pp. 23–30. ISBN 0963228609. 
5. ^ Barnette, Michael C. (2003). Shipwrecks of the Sunshine State: Florida's Submerged History. Association of Underwater Explorers. pp. 37–38. ISBN 0-9743036-0-7. 
6. ^ Cantelas, Frank J. (1992). "Maple Leaf. Future Management and Past Field Investigations". Report prepared by the Program in Maritime History and Nautical Archaeology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. Submitted to St. Johns Archaeological Expeditions, Inc.. 

External links

Media related to Maple Leaf (shipwreck) at Wikimedia Commons

• Maple Leaf (Shipwreck Site) at Florida's Shipwrecks: 300 Years of Maritime History - A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary
• Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
  • Duval County markers
  • Maple Leaf
• Maple Leaf Shipwreck