Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy
Classification and external resources
MeSH	D006984

Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, while hyperplasia is from an increase in cell number.

Hypertrophy (from Greek ὑπέρ "excess" + τροφή "nourishment") is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. It should be distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally-induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.

Examples of hypertrophy

Muscular hypertrophy

Main article: Muscle hypertrophy

One of the two most common and visible forms of organ hypertrophy occurs in skeletal muscles in response to strength training (known as muscle hypertrophy). Depending on the type of training, the hypertrophy can occur through increased sarcoplasmic volume or increased contractile proteins.

Ventricular hypertrophy

Main article: Ventricular hypertrophy

Ventricular hypertrophy is the increase in size of the ventricles of the heart. Changes can be beneficial or healthy if they occur in response to aerobic or anaerobic exercise, but ventricular hypertrophy is generally associated with pathological changes due to high blood pressure or other disease states.

See also: Athletic heart syndrome

Hypertrophy of the breasts

Main article: Gigantomastia

Gigantomastia is the extreme growth of the breasts, i.e. 10 pounds (5 kg) per breast and more. In severe cases it is possible for women to have breasts that weigh well in excess of 20 lb (9 kg) each. Gigantomastia can occur as a rare complication of pregnancy, but also with the more frequently juvenile gigantomastia during puberty (virginal breast hypertrophy).

Hypertrophy of the clitoris

Main article: Clitoromegaly

In the most pronounced cases, clitoromegaly is a symptom of intersexuality since the large clitoris resembles a penis (the different grade of genital ambiguity is commonly measured by the Prader classification ranging, in ascending order of masculinisation, from 1: Female external genitalia with clitoromegaly through 5: Pseudo-phallus looking like normal male external genitalia).

See also

• Atrophy
• Davis's Law

External links

• University of California Muscle Physiology Home Page: Hypertrophy

This medical symptom article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Muscular system Tissues Exercise physiology Exercise Anatomical pathology Symptom stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР Shankar Tapajós Look at other dictionaries: hypertrophy — [hī pʉr′trə fē] n. [ModL: see HYPER & TROPHY] a considerable increase in the size of an organ or tissue, caused by enlargement of its cellular components vi., vt. hypertrophied, hypertrophying to undergo or cause to undergo hypertrophy… …   English World dictionary Hypertrophy — Hy*per tro*phy, n. [Gr. ype r over, beyond + ? nourishment, fr. ? to nourish: cf. F. hypertrophie.] (Med. & Biol.) A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; the opposite of {atrophy}. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English hypertrophy — hypertrophy. См. гипертрофия. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) …   Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь. hypertrophy — 1821, from HYPER (Cf. hyper ) + Gk. trophe “nourishment” (see TROPHY (Cf. trophy)). Related: Hypertrophic …   Etymology dictionary hypertrophy — ► NOUN ▪ enlargement of an organ or tissue resulting from an increase in size of its cells. DERIVATIVES hypertrophic adjective hypertrophied adjective. ORIGIN from Greek trophia nourishment …   English terms dictionary Hypertrophy — Chartplatzierungen (vorläufig) Vorlage:Infobox Chartplatzierungen/Wartung/vorläufige Chartplatzierung Erklärung der Daten Singles Just Come Back To Me & …   Deutsch Wikipedia hypertrophy — General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation. Use of the term may be restricted to denote greater bulk through increase in size, but not in number, of cells or other individual tissue elements. Cf.:hyperplasia. SYN:… …   Medical dictionary hypertrophy — hy·per·tro·phy || haɪ pÉœrtrəʊfɪ / pɜːt v. affect with hypertrophy; be affected with hypertrophy n. abnormal enlargement of a part or organ; excessive growth …   English contemporary dictionary hypertrophy — hypertrophia; n. increase in the size of a tissue or organ brought about by the enlargement of its cells rather than by cell multiplication (as during normal growth and tumour formation). Hypertrophy can be a physiological response to normal… …   The new mediacal dictionary hypertrophy — /haɪˈpɜtrəfi/ (say huy pertruhfee) noun (plural hypertrophies) 1. Pathology, Botany enlargement of a part or organ; excessive growth. 2. excessive growth or accumulation of any kind. –verb (hypertrophied, hypertrophying) –verb (t) 3. to affect… …   18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”