Santali language

Santhali
Spoken in	India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan
Ethnicity	Santals
Native speakers	6.2 million  (1997)
Language family	Austro-Asiatic Munda North Munda Kherwari Santhali
Dialects	Mahali (Mahli)
Writing system	Latin alphabet, Ol Chiki
Language codes
ISO 639-2	sat
ISO 639-3	either: sat – Santali mjx – Mahali

Santhali is a language in the Santhali subfamily of Austro-Asiatic, related to Ho and Mundari. It is spoken by about six million people in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan^{[citation needed]}. Most of its speakers live in India, in the states of Jharkhand, Assam, Bihar, Orissa, Tripura, and West Bengal. It has its own alphabet, known as Ol Chiki, but literacy is very low, between 10 and 30%. Santhali is spoken by the Santhals.

See also

• Paul Olaf Bodding
• Byomkes Chakrabarti
• Languages of India
• Languages with official status in India
• List of Indian languages by total speakers
• National Translation Mission

Further reading

• Hembram, P. C. (2002). Santhali, a natural language. New Delhi: U. Hembram.
• Minegishi, M., & Murmu, G. (2001). Santhali basic lexicon with grammatical notes. Tōkyō: Institute for the Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. ISBN 4872977912
• Newberry, J. (2000). North Munda dialects: Mundari, Santhali, Bhumia. Victoria, B.C.: J. Newberry. ISBN 0921599684
• Murmu, G., & Das, A. K. (1998). Bibliography, Santhali literature. Calcutta: Biswajnan. ISBN 8175250801
• Muscat, George, Santhali: A New Approach. Sahibganj, Bihar.
• Ghosh, A. (1994). Santhali: a look into Santal morphology. New Delhi: Gyan Pub. House. ISBN 8121204518
• Chakrabarti, B. (1992). A comparative study of Santhali and Bengali. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi & Co. ISBN 8170741289
• Mitra, P. C. (1988). Santhali, the base of world languages. Calcutta: Firma KLM.
• Paul Olaf Bodding (1929). A Santal dictionary. Oslo: J. Dybwad.
• Зограф Г. А. 1960/1990. Языки Южной Азии. М.: Наука (1-е изд., 1960).
• Лекомцев, Ю. K. 1968. Некоторые характерные черты сантальского предложения // Языки Индии, Пакистана, Непала и Цейлона: материалы научной конференции. М: Наука, 311—321.
• Bodding, Paul O. 1929/1952. A Santal Grammar for the Beginners, Benagaria: Santal Mission of the Northern Churches (1st edition, 1929).
• Grierson, Sir George A. (ed.) 1906 (reprinted 1967). The Linguistic Survey of India. Vol.IV. Delhi-Varanasi-Patna.
• Macphail, R. M. 1964. An Introduction to Santhali, Parts I & II. Benagaria: The Santhali Literature Board, Santhali Christian Council.
• Maspero, Henri. 1952. Les langues mounda. Meillet A., Cohen M. (dir.), Les langues du monde, P.: CNRS.
• Neukom, Lukas. 2001. Santhali. München: LINCOM Europa.
• Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen. 1966. A comparative study of the verb in the Munda languages. Zide, Norman H. (ed.) Studies in comparative Austroasiatic linguistics. London—The Hague—Paris: Mouton, 96-193.
• Santhali Folk Tales: Ed. by Rev. P.O. Bodding. Oslo: Institutet for sammenlingenden kulturforskning, Publikationen. Vol. I—III. 1923—1929
• Skrefsrud, L.O. 1873. The Grammar of Santhali Language. Benares: Medical Hall Press.
• Vermeer, Hans J. 1969. Untersuchungen zum Bau zentral-süd-asiatischer Sprachen (ein Beitrag zur Sprachbundfrage). Heidelberg: J. Groos.

External links

• Ethnologue report on Santhali
• "We Santhals" web site
• English-Santhali/Santhali-English dictionaries
• National Translation Mission's(NTM) Santhali Pages