Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia

The Congregation of St. Cecilia, commonly known as the Nashville Dominicans, is a religious order within the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church located in Nashville, Tennessee. It is a member of the Council of Major Superiors of Women Religious, one of the two organizations which represent women religious in the United States (the other is the Leadership Conference of Women Religious). The Sisters combine a monastic communal lifestyle of contemplation with an active apostolate in Catholic education.

The Order's motherhouse in Nashville, Tennessee.

Foundation and 19th century

In 1860, James Whelan, the second bishop of the Diocese of Nashville, a Dominican, requested that sisters establish a school in his diocese. The Dominican Sisters of St. Mary in Somerset, Ohio, responded by sending four members to Nashville, where they opened an academy in 1862 specializing in music and the fine arts. Two years later, the new community witnessed the US Civil War at the Battle of Nashville in December 1864.^[1] After the battle, the new community took on the responsibility of caring for numerous children at a nearby orphanage.

After the Civil War, the enrollment dropped. In 1867, the year in which the community welcomed its first postulant, debts were so serious that the property was put up for public auction. Patrick Feehan, then Bishop of Nashville, joined with some friends to purchase the property, immediately returning it to the Sisters. However, the small community continued to struggle as debts mounted and four of its members left to establish a new foundation in the more promising and prosperous Washington, D.C.

In the mid 1860s, Nashville suffered a particularly serious outbreak of cholera. In an area sometimes known for its anti-Catholicism, the Sisters gained great respect by remaining in the town to care for the sick. They also went to assist the people of Memphis as thousands fled the city in the wake of the epidemic; of the 50 Sisters who served as nurses, 30 died.^[1]

The community continued to grow and by the late 1880s, it was necessary to build not only an extension to the convent but also the school. By this time, the Sisters had expanded their teaching to schools in other parts of the state, including Chattanooga, Clarksville, Memphis and Winchester.

20th century

In 1913, the Congregation of Saint Cecilia was formally affiliated with the Dominicans, and in 1915 they established a link with the Catholic University of America to properly certify their Sister-teachers. The community prospered to such an extent that, just before the onset of the Great Depression, it was able to purchase prime Nashville land that would later become the site of Aquinas College. In 1935, when the Congregation celebrated its 75th anniversary in the midst of the Great Depression, the Sisters had established or begun to operate schools throughout Tennessee as well as in Illinois, Ohio and Virginia. At that time, there were some 115 sisters, teaching 2,000 students in 14 schools.^[2] Through the 1940s and 1950s the Congregation continued to expand its network of schools.

Following the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) the Congregation, like all other communities in the Latin Rite, underwent a period of reflection and discernment regarding its charism and ministry. However, unlike many other groups, the Nashville Dominicans decided to retain the wearing of a religious habit, in a slightly modified form, and to continue to live in larger convents rather than divide into smaller communities. The Congregation also opted to maintain its focus on Catholic education instead of branching out into other areas such as campus ministry and social justice, as other religious communities did at that time.

Since Vatican II, the Nashville Dominicans have continued to expand, establishing further schools in Tennessee as well as in Birmingham, Alabama; Denver, Colorado; Joliet, Illinois; Minneapolis-Saint Paul; Arlington, Virginia;Atlanta, Georgia; and Sydney, Australia.

Community life

For the Catholic Church the "perfection of charity, to which all the faithful are called, entails for those who freely follow the call to consecrated life the obligation of practicing chastity in celibacy for the sake of the Kingdom, poverty and obedience. It is the profession of these counsels, within a permanent state of life recognised by the Church that characterises the life consecrated to God." ^[3] Thus, like all religious, the Nashville Dominicans embrace the evangelical counsels of poverty, chastity and obedience. For their sisters, the journey to making perpetual profession of these vows lasts seven years, and is in six main stages.

Enquiry

This is the first stage, during which a young woman corresponds with the Congregation, has various conversations with the director of vocations, participates in a retreat and undergoes a psychological evaluation.

Pre-postulancy

This follows for those who are accepted and lasts until it is time to enter the convent along with other prospective sisters. It is a period of opportunity for the candidate to deepen her spiritual life by daily reading of the Bible, meeting with a priest for spiritual direction and frequent participation in the Eucharist.

Postulancy

Postulancy begins when the young woman enters the convent and is given a modified version of the religious habit. The postulants spend the next year learning how to live in community as well as becoming familiar with Catholic spirituality and the Dominican way of life. There are also classes in basic Catholic doctrine, Church history and philosophy.

Novitiate

A year long novitiate follows postulancy. To mark the transition, the novice is clothed in the Dominican habit, but with a white veil instead of the black as worn by those who are professed members of the community. The novitiate year is crucial, for it is then "…that the novices better understand their divine vocation, and indeed one which is proper to the institute, experience the manner of living of the institute, and form their mind and heart in its spirit, and so that their intention and suitability are tested." ^[4] Thus, the novices are given the opportunity for longer periods of prayer and spiritual reading as well as silence in order to reflect on the vocation God is offering and their response. To nurture this process novices also study the Bible, various spiritual writings, patristics and the significance of the evangelical counsels.

First profession

First profession follows the novitiate. The Canon Law of the Latin Rite states that this period must be a minimum of three, but no longer than six years.^[5] "By religious profession, members assume the observance of the three evangelical counsels by public vow, are consecrated to God through the ministry of the Church, and are incorporated into the institute."^[6] During the celebration of the Eucharist the novices make their first profession and are clothed in the black veil. Between this time and perpetual profession, the Sisters learn how to live the evangelical counsels in a practical manner.

Apart from working towards receiving certification as teachers, Sisters in this stage of formation finish other college course work as well as take further classes in theology and philosophy with concentration on the writings of the great Dominican, Saint Thomas Aquinas. It is also possible that a sister may begin teaching during this period if she has previously obtained her certification.^[7]

Perpetual profession

This is the culmination of the preceding seven years and, once this takes place, a sister may leave the Congregation only with the approval of the Prioress General, for part of the perpetual profession involves the sister committing herself for life. Even after this profession, the journey continues, for "Through their entire life, religious are to continue diligently their spiritual, doctrinal, and practical formation."^[8] and thus the Nashville Dominicans pursue ongoing formation and study through the tenth year of perpetual profession.

Daily life

The daily life of the Nashville Sisters follows a traditional pattern.

The Sisters rise at 5:00am and begin 30 minutes of meditation at 5:30am. Meditation is followed by Lauds and the celebration of the Eucharist at 6:15am after which the Sisters have breakfast before beginning studies or teaching. At 5:00pm the community gathers to pray Vespers, have dinner and then a period of recreation until 7:30pm. At 7:30pm the Sisters engage in some spiritual reading, leading up to the final communal activity of the day, the praying of Compline. After Compline, silence is maintained during which those who teach may prepare lessons or mark papers whilst others may study, do some spiritual reading or take a stroll. At 10:00pm profound silence descends and the members of the community generally retire to sleep.

External links

• Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia official website
• Vatican Website: Code of Canon Law
• Vatican Website: Catechism of the Catholic Church

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Dominican Sisters - Foundation in 1860". http://nashvilledominican.org/Charism/Congregation_History/Foundation_in_1860. Retrieved 2 December 2010. 
2. ^ "Dominican Sisters - A New Century". http://nashvilledominican.org/Charism/Congregation_History/A_New_Century. Retrieved 2 December 2010. 
3. ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church paragraph 915
4. ^ Code of Canon Law 646
5. ^ Code of Canon Law 655
6. ^ Code of Canon Law 654
7. ^ Dominican Sisters: Formation process
8. ^ Code of Canon Law 661