Peace Bridge

This article is about the Peace Bridge between the USA and Canada. For other Peace Bridges, see Peace Bridge (disambiguation).

Peace Bridge
Peace Bridge from the Canadian side.
Crosses	Niagara River
Locale	Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York
Maintained by	Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority (Peace Bridge Authority)
Design	through truss and arch bridge
Total length	5,800 feet (1,768 m)
Opened	June 1, 1927; 84 years ago (June 1, 1927)
Toll	$3.00 ($2.70 with E-ZPass) [1]
Coordinates	42°54′25″N 78°54′20″W / 42.90694°N 78.90556°W / 42.90694; -78.90556Coordinates: 42°54′25″N 78°54′20″W / 42.90694°N 78.90556°W / 42.90694; -78.90556

The Peace Bridge is an international bridge between Canada and the United States at the east end of Lake Erie at the source of the Niagara River, about 20 kilometres (12.4 mi) upriver of Niagara Falls. It connects the City of Buffalo, New York, in the United States to the Town of Fort Erie, Ontario, in Canada. It is operated and maintained by the Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority.

The Peace Bridge consists of five arched spans over the Niagara River and a Parker through-truss span over the Black Rock Canal on the American side of the river. The total length is 5,800 feet (1,768 m). Material used in the construction included 3,500 feet (1,067 m) of steelwork, 9,000 tons of structural steel and 800 tons of reinforcing steel in the concrete abutments. The Peace Bridge was named to commemorate 100 years of peace between the United States and Canada.^{[citation needed]} It was constructed as a highway bridge to address the needs of pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic which could not be accommodated on the International Railway Bridge, built in 1873.^{[citation needed]}

The building of the Peace Bridge was approved by the International Joint Commission on August 6, 1925. Edward Lupfer served as chief engineer.^[2] A major obstacle to building the bridge was the swift river current, which averages 7.5 to 12 miles per hour (12.1 to 19 km/h). Construction began in 1925 and was completed in the spring of 1927. On March 13, 1927, Lupfer drove the first car across the bridge. On June 1, 1927, the bridge was opened to the public.

The official opening ceremony was held two months later, on August 7, 1927, with approximately 100,000 in attendance. The festivities were transmitted to the public via radio in the first international coast-to-coast broadcast.^{[citation needed]} Newspapers at the time estimated that as many as 50 million listeners may have heard the broadcast.^{[citation needed]}

The dignitaries who took part in the dedication ceremonies included The Prince of Wales (the future Edward VIII), The Prince George, Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, U.S. Vice President Charles Dawes, Secretary of State Frank Kellogg, New York Governor Al Smith and Ontario Premier Howard Ferguson.^[3]

When the bridge opened, Buffalo and Fort Erie each became the chief port of entry to their respective countries from the other. At the time it was the only vehicular bridge on the Great Lakes from Niagara Falls to Minnesota. The bridge remains one of North America's important commercial ports with four thousand trucks crossing it daily.

Canada Border Services facility at Peace Bridge

The Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority in 1997 announced plans for the building of a second bridge south of and beside the existing Peace Bridge. It was expected that the new Peace Bridge would alleviate traffic congestion and increase daily vehicle traffic by at least 33%. Legal challenges as well as concerns about the design and how costs will be paid delayed the start of construction. While the Jury Recommendation Report [1] originally recommended a cable-stayed bridge "signature bridge" for the new span, the option was over-ruled in favour of a more conventional design due to concerns that endangered birds would possibly fly into the bridge.^[4] Local authorities are appealing the decision.

Other nearby bridges between the United States and Canada include the Rainbow Bridge, the Queenston-Lewiston Bridge and the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge. The Queenston-Lewiston Bridge and the Peace Bridge are the only crossings that allow heavy trucks.

On the New York side, Interstate 190 has a direct northbound off-ramp (exit 9) onto the Peace Bridge. This exit is signed as Ft. Erie Can on I-190, but the bridge is actually Baird Drive. Baird Drive is not signed on the exit, but the road does head south of the bridge to its southern terminus of Porter Avenue and Front Park. On the Ontario side, the Queen Elizabeth Way begins after Canadian Customs.

After new toll facilities were installed on the Canadian side in 2005, the Peace Bridge became the first (and at present the only) E-ZPass facility outside the United States.

Commemorations

US Peace Bridge stamp

• The Peace Bridge March, by Buffalo resident Emma M. Herold-Haft, was composed in honor of the bridge's opening in 1927.
• On August 4, 1977, Canada and the United States brought out a joint issue of postage stamps to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the bridge. Unusual for joint issues, the two designs are radically different.

See also

• List of crossings of the Niagara River
• Peace Bridge robins

References

1. ^ Payable in US$ and C$
2. ^ Berketa, Rick. "Bridges Over Niagara Falls:a history & pictorial". Niagara Falls Thunder Alley. http://www.niagarafrontier.com/bridges.html. Retrieved 7 August 2011. 
3. ^ Peace Bridge Celebrates its 75th Anniversary
4. ^ Jennifer Pellegrini. "Peace Bridge Authority goes to Plan B". Niagara Falls Review. http://www.niagarafallsreview.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=998721&auth=Jennifer+Pellegrini&archive=true. Retrieved 7 August 2011. 

External links

• Peace Bridge Authority
• Peace Bridge at Structurae
• Images from the Historic Niagara Digital Collections