Ruger Mini-14

Ruger Mini-14
The Mini-14
Type	Semi-automatic carbine (Mini-14) Assault rifle (AC-556)
Place of origin	United States
Service history
Used by	See Users
Production history
Designer	L. James Sullivan, William B. Ruger
Designed	1967–1973
Manufacturer	Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc.
Produced	1973–present
Variants	See Variants: Ranch Rifle Mini Thirty Mini-6.8 Bolt-Action Only (BOA) AC-556 GB Target Tactical
Specifications
Weight	6 lb 6oz (2.90 kg)
Length	37.25 in (946 mm)
Barrel length	22.00 in (559 mm) (Target Rifle), 18.50 in (470 mm) (Ranch Rifle, Mini-30) 16.12 in (409 mm) (Tactical, Mini-30) 13 in (330 mm) (AC-556)
Cartridge	.223 Remington/5.56x45mm (Mini-14/AC-556) 7.62×39mm (Mini-30) 6.8 mm Remington SPC .222 Remington
Action	Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Rate of fire	Semi-automatic (Mini-14) 750rpm Selective fire (AC-556)
Muzzle velocity	3100 ft/s (945 m/s)
Feed system	5, 10, 20, or 30 round factory box magazine. Numerous aftermarket magazines and drums.
Sights	Iron sights

The Mini-14, Mini Thirty, and Mini-6.8 are small, lightweight semi-automatic carbines manufactured by the U.S. firearms company Sturm, Ruger. The Mini-14 non-target versions can fire both the .223 Remington cartridge and the similar military 5.56x45mm cartridge.^[1] The target model Mini-14 rifles are chambered only for the .223 Remington cartridge. The Mini Thirty uses the 7.62×39mm and the Mini-6.8 fires 6.8 mm Remington SPC.

Ruger offered a selective fire variant of the Mini-14, the AC-556, to police and military customers. AC-556 models have a slightly longer receiver (shared with early production "series 180" models) to allow for full automatic operation. These models are available with features such as short barrels and bayonet lugs. The Mini-14GB model is a semi-automatic variant for police and military sale with the additional factory options of a short barrel, folding paratrooper stock, flash suppressor and a bayonet lug.^[2]

Design

Mini-14 Government Model with 30 round magazine.

Designed by L. James Sullivan^[3] and William B. Ruger, the rifle employs an investment cast, heat-treated receiver and a version of the M1 rifle locking mechanism with a self-cleaning, fixed-piston gas system. The Mini-14 product page^[4] describes it as a “simple, rugged Garand-style breechbolt locking system, with a fixed-piston gas system and self-cleaning, moving gas cylinder.”^[1][5] The rifle is available in stainless or blued finish with hardwood, synthetic, or laminated stocks and an 18.5-inch (470 mm) barrel. Target models are currently available only in .223 Remington are not chambered to fire the 5.56x45mm NATO round. They feature a 22-inch (560 mm) heavy barrel and either a laminated wood or Hogue overmolded synthetic stock.^[6] Most Mini-14s have a classic sporter appearance, in contrast to comparable autoloading rifles such as the AK-47 and M16 rifle. However Ruger now offers some Mini-14 rifles in a black ATI adjustable folding stock with a pistol grip.

Production versions

Initial rifles were produced with a complex, exposed bolt hold open device with no button for manual engagement. Stocks were somewhat angular and heat shields were made of wood. These rifles, with serial number prefixes before 181, were tooled and redesigned with a new stock, new bolt hold-open mechanism, and other small changes.

In 2003, Ruger again overhauled the design and the production process to improve accuracy and update the styling while at the same time reducing production costs. The new models, marketed as Ranch Rifles, are based on the previous Ranch models, with integral scope bases. In 2005, the new ranch rifles carried serial numbers beginning with 580. These rifles are sometimes referred to as 580 series ranch rifles. These new models use a modified gas system designed to reduce barrel vibration, and new iron sights.

At an unspecified time in 2007 to 2008, Ruger added a heavier tapered barrel to the mini series. The heavier barrel had an overall larger diameter with the barrel visibly becoming thicker in the final inches as the barrel approaches the gas block from the muzzle. These changes combined with tighter tolerances result in greater potential accuracy.^[5] The new mini-14 rifles are capable of shooting under 2 MOA (Minute of angle) accuracy. The "target model" Mini-14 supposedly can shoot under 1 MOA.

History

The Mini-14 was first introduced in 1974 by Ruger. Mini-14 is derived from the military M14 rifle implying a miniature version of the M14. Ruger used the M14 as a model for the new rifle while incorporating numerous innovations and cost-saving engineering changes. The Mini-14 proved popular with small-game hunters, ranchers, law enforcement, security personnel and target shooters.

Variants

Ruger Mini-14/F30GB semi-automatic rifle is completely original Ruger issue featuring: pistol grip, folding stock, 30rd magazine(s), bayonet lug, threaded barrel, flash hider.

The Mini-14/20GB featured a flash suppressor and a bayonet lug. A "Target Rifle" version with a heavy barrel, adjustable harmonic dampener^[7] and target stock was introduced in 2006. While never adopted by the U.S. military, both civilian and military Mini-14 variants are popular with many police departments as an affordable medium-range patrol rifle to fill the gap between short-range weapons (handguns and shotguns) and sniper rifles.

The rear sight on standard models was an aperture sight with large protective wings, and there were no integral scope bases, until recently.

Ruger made design alterations to the Mini-14 in 2005 altering the receiver, rear and front sights. All new Mini-14s are built with integral scope bases, non-folding ghost ring aperture rear sight and a winged front sight similar to that used on the Ruger Police Carbine.

Ranch Rifle

In 2008 Ruger began marking many Mini-14 rifles as "RANCH RIFLE" instead of Mini-14 on the receiver. These rifles are the most basic models, they generally come in a wood rifle stock, and feature a 18.5" tapered barrel; although some are available with a 16" barrel. These rifles feature an adjustable ghost ring rear sight and winged front sight. They are sold with a 20 round detachable magazine, however in some states like California where High capacity magazines are illegal, the rifles are sold with a 5 round magazines instead. The "Ranch Rifle" variant has scope bases integrated into the receiver, and an ejector that ejects the spent cartridge case at a lower angle to avoid hitting a low-mounted scope. The old original Ranch Rifle rear sight was a folding-type aperture, which would fit under a scope, and lacked a winged front sight. This model will chamber both .223 Remington and 5.56x45mm NATO ammunition.

NRA

In 2008 Ruger introduced a National Rifle Association model, with a shorter 16.25-inch (413 mm) barrel, polymer stock and two 20-round magazines.^[8]

Mini-14 Tactical Rifle

This variant has a 16.12" barrel (1:9" RH twist rate) with flash suppressor, and is available with a standard fixed stock/forend, or a collapsible ATI brand stock with Picatinny rails.^[9] This rifle is marked on the receiver as "Tactical Rifle". It is very similar to the "Ranch" model except for the "bird cage" flash suppressor, synthetic stock, and shorter barrel. This model will chamber both .223 Remington and 5.56x45mm NATO ammunition.

AC-556

The AC-556 is a selective-fire version of the Mini-14 marketed for military and law enforcement use. The design incorporates a selector on the right/rear of the receiver to select either semi-automatic, 3-round burst, or full-automatic fire modes; the manual safety at the front of the trigger guard operates the same as a standard Mini-14. The front sight is winged and incorporates a bayonet lug. The 13-inch (330 mm) or 18-inch (460 mm) barrel incorporates a flash suppressor. A folding stock was used on the AC-556F and AC-556K. The rifle came equipped with 20-round magazines and a 30-round version was available for a time. The AC-556 is currently not in production.

Bolt-Action Only (BOA)

A small number of straight-pull, bolt-action only Mini-14 and Mini-30 rifles were manufactured for sale in the United Kingdom.^[10]

Other calibers

Ruger Mini Thirty with pistol grip folding stock, Harris bipod, 30rd magazine, AK-74 style flash hider with added flash diverter and 3-9x40mm scope on Ruger high-post rings

Some early Mini-14 rifles were chambered in the .222 Remington cartridge. Since the .222 Remington is not completely dimensionally equivalent to the 5.56x45mm, Ruger chambered Mini-14s for both 5.56 and .222 Remington. Civilian firearms chambered in 5.56 are highly restricted in countries that restrict or prohibit firearms that chamber military cartridges (such as Mexico). By chambering the Mini-14 in the similar but not interchangeable .222 Remington caliber, the Mini-14 could be sold in those countries.^[11]

In 1987, Ruger began production of the Mini Thirty. The Mini Thirty is chambered for the Russian 7.62x39mm cartridge, used in the SKS and AK-47, as many states prohibit hunting of deer with calibers smaller than 6 mm (.243 in). The 7.62x39 mm has similar ballistics to the well-known .30-30 Winchester. The Mini Thirty was only available as a Ranch Rifle, with integral scope base. Current production Mini Thirtys are similar to Mini-14's except for caliber. The Mini-30 is available with a 16.12" or 18.50" barrel, with a twist rate of 1:10" RH.^[12]

In 2007, Ruger began production the Mini-6.8 utilizing the commercial 6.8 mm Remington SPC cartridge that has been growing steadily in popularity.^[13][14]

A larger version of the Mini-14, called the XGI, was developed by Ruger in .308 Winchester and .243 Winchester. Although it was advertised in 1984–1985, it never entered production due to unresolved mechanical and production issues.^[15]

Accessories

Mini-14 with various accessories

There is a wide range of after-market accessories available for the Mini-14 (e.g., folding stocks, scopes, flash hiders, etc.) all of which make the Mini-14 a highly adaptable rifle and add to its popularity.

Users

Bermuda Regiment Soldiers armed with Mini-14s on OPs in Barbados for Cricket World Cup 2007

•  Australia: Previously used in the 1980s/1990s by the New South Wales Department of Corrective Services.^[16]
•  Honduras^[17]
•  United Kingdom: The Surrey Constabulary Firearms Support Team (now known as the Tactical Firearms Unit) was armed with Mini-14s in the 1980s modified with Choate stocks. A few examples were seen on the news used by Police during the Hungerford Massacre.^[18][19] The AC-556 was used by the Royal Ulster Constabulary.^[20]
•  Bermuda: Used by the Bermuda Regiment.^[21]
•  United States: Mini-14s were prominently used by the New York City Police Department Emergency Service Unit^[22] with the rifles eventually being replaced by the M4 carbine.^[23] The NYPD's Organized Crime Control Bureau are armed with the Mini-14s.^[23] The Mini-14 is the main rifle used by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.^[24][25][26]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Mini-14 Owner's manual
2. ^ "Ruger AC-556 assault rifle / Mini-14 GB rifle (USA)". http://world.guns.ru/assault/as37-e.htm. 
3. ^ NDM Article - Focus on Basics, Urges Small Arms Designer
4. ^ Mini-14 product page
5. ^ ^{a b} J. Guthrie. "The Mini Grows Up--Again". Rifle Shooter. http://www.rifleshootermag.com/featured_rifles/RS_minigrowsup_200804/index.html. 
6. ^ Ruger press release on Ranch Rifle Target model with overmolded stock
7. ^ http://www.ruger.com/Firearms/PDF/NewProducts/KMINI-14-5TH.pdf Harmonic Dampener spec sheet (Ruger)
8. ^ "Mini-14 Ranch Rifles & Mini Thirty Rifles - NRA Mini-14 Rifle". http://ruger.com/Firearms/FAProdView?model=5835&return=Y. 
9. ^ http://ruger.com/products/mini14TacticalRifle/models.html
10. ^ "Ruger Auctions". http://web.archive.org/web/20100819152039/http://www.ruger.com/links/auction.html. Retrieved 2011-10-20. 
11. ^ http://www.rugerauction.com/Auction35.html Ruger .222 auction with production details.
12. ^ http://ruger.com/products/miniThirty/models.html
13. ^ http://www.ruger.com/products/mini14RanchRifle/models.html
14. ^ http://www.gunblast.com/Ruger-RanchRifle68.htm
15. ^ R.L. Wilson (2008). Ruger & His Guns: A History of the Man, the Company & Their Firearms. Book Sales, Inc.. p. 173. ISBN 0785821031. 
16. ^ http://www.fumigating.com.au/fumigating-articles/1988/7/1/nsw-declares-chemical-war-on-prisoners/
17. ^ Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian V. Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996. Jane's Information Group; 21 edition (May 1995). ISBN 978-0710612410.
18. ^ Dick Chase, Eric Adams, Mick Wayland, Bob Bartlett.. "Firearms Support Team and Firearms Training". http://www.magix-website.com/mppo04/50/5A/3F/25/D0/129111DFAEC726F556C9061A/5A3F4CE0129111DFBC6CE4BE56C9061A.pdf. Retrieved 2011-03-27. 
19. ^ "Firearms". Surrey Police. http://www.surrey.police.uk/about/firearms.asp. Retrieved 2009-10-29. 
20. ^ http://www.gunnersden.com/index.htm.mini-14.html
21. ^ Bermuda Regiment Fitness for Role Inspection. British Defence Staff Washington, 4-6 November 2005
22. ^ Larry Celona (2002-07-04). "Terror-Wary NYPD testing new assault rifle". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/terror_wary_nypd_testing_new_assault_mLnO1kBZDzvTxQ7YjFiifK. Retrieved 2009-10-29. 
23. ^ ^{a b} "NYPD boosts training after Mumbai attack". Associated Press & Taipei Times. 2009-02-17. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2009/02/17/2003436346. Retrieved 2009-10-29. 
24. ^ http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Career_Opportunities/POR/docs/CadetHandbook.pdf
25. ^ http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Employee_Resources/Training_and_Professional_Development/pdfs/trainingmanual.pdf
26. ^ http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Employee_Resources/Training_and_Professional_Development/pdfs/trainingschedule.pdf

External links

• Official website
• Gunblast.com - "Ruger’s Improved Mini-14 .223 Ranch Rifle", September 24, 2006
• Modern Firearms - Ruger AC-556 assault rifle / Mini-14 GB rifle (USA)
• Ruger Mini-14 vs. the AR-15 (.pdf) Denny Hansen, S.W.A.T Magazine, March 2002
• AC-556 and AC-556K manual (.pdf)
• Small Arms Review: The AC-556
• Disassembly Instructions for the Ruger Mini-14
• Ruger Reinvents the Mini-14, American Rifleman