.30-30 Winchester

Infobox Firearm Cartridge
name= .30-30 Winchester


caption= .30-30 cartridge between .223 Remington (left) and .308 Winchester (right)
origin= USA
type= Rifle
service=
used_by=
wars=
designer= Winchester
design_date=1895
manufacturer=Winchester
production_date=1895-Present
number=
variants= .30-30 Ackley Improved
is_SI_specs=
parent=
case_type=Rimmed, bottlenecked
bullet=.309
neck=.330
shoulder=.401
base=.422
rim_dia=.506
rim_thick=.063
case_length=2.039
length=
rifling=
primer=large rifle
is_SI_ballistics=
bw1=110
btype1=FP
vel1=2684
en1=1760
bw2=130
btype2=FP
vel2=2496
en2=1799
bw3=150
btype3=FN
vel3=2390
en3=1903
bw4=160
btype4=cast LFN
vel4=1616
en4=928
bw5=170
btype5=FP
vel5=2227
en5=1873
test_barrel_length=
balsrc= Hodgdon " [http://data.hodgdon.com/cartridge_load.asp .30-30 load data] " from Hodgdon] The .30-30 Winchester/.30 Winchester Center Fire/7.62x51Rmm cartridge was first marketed in early 1895 for the Winchester Model 1894 lever-action rifle. " [http://www.accuratepowder.com/data/PerCaliber2Guide/Rifle/Standarddata(Rifle)/308Cal(7.82mm)/30%2030%20Winchester%20pages%20253%20to%20254.pdf .30-30 Winchester] " data from Accurate Powder] The .30-30, as it is most commonly known, was America's first small-bore, sporting rifle cartridge designed for smokeless powder. The .30-30 is one of the most common deer cartridges in North America.

Naming

Although the original name is ".30 WCF", the "-30" in the designation was added to the name by Marlin, who did not want to put the name of rival Winchester on their rifles when they were chambered for the cartridge soon after its introduction [" [http://www.leverguns.com/articles/3030history.htm Leverguns.com] "article on History of the .30-30] . The "-30" stands for the standard load of convert|30|gr|g|lk=on of early smokeless powder, which was on par with IMR/DuPont's 4064. Over time Marlin's variation on the name stuck, though ".30 WCF" is also used.

Characteristics and use

The .30-30 is considered by many to be the "entry-class" for modern deer cartridges. While it will take deer- and black bear-sized game, it is limited in effective range to approximately 200 yards (183 m) for that purpose. It is common to define the characteristics of similar cartridges as being in ".30-30 class" when describing their effectiveness. The .30-30 is typically loaded with bullets weighing between 150 and 170 grains nowrap|(9.7–11.0 g), but lighter loads are possible. Bullets of up to convert|180|gr|g|1 can be used but the overall length restrictions of the lever action rifles used for this round limit their usefulness.

One of the primary reasons for the .30-30's popularity amongst deer hunters is its light recoil. Average recoil from a typical convert|150|gr|sing=on load at convert|2390|ft/s in a convert|7.5|lb|adj=on rifle is convert|10.6|lbf of felt recoil at the shooter's shoulder. [" [http://www.chuckhawks.com/ideal_deer_cartridges.htm Chuck Hawks] " article IDEAL DEER CARTRIDGES] This, combined with the cartridge's ability to take the majority of large game in North America, as long as the game is within 200 yards (180 m) of the shooter, results in a highly effective hunting round.

Because the majority of rifles chambered in .30-30 are lever-action rifles with tubular magazines, most .30-30 cartridges are loaded with round-nose or flat-nose bullets. This is to prevent a spitzer-point bullet (the shape seen on the .30-06 Springfield) from setting off the primer of the cartridge ahead of it in the magazine during recoil. Were that to happen, the gun would probably be damaged or destroyed and the shooter seriously injured. When used in single-shot rifles or handguns, such as the Thompson Center Arms Contender or Encore series, it is common for shooters to handload the cartridge with spire-point bullets for improved ballistics.

A notable exception to the "no-spire point" guidelines for tubular magazines is the new Hornady LEVERevolution line of flexible "memory elastomer" tipped ammunition [" [http://www.hornady.com/story.php?s=198 LEVERevolution] " at Hornady web site] . By allowing a more efficient bullet shape, it allows a lighter bullet, higher muzzle velocity, and flatter trajectory. Given the popularity of the .30-30 cartridge and the lever action rifle, the potential market for the new ammunition is huge. Early reports indicate substantially improved accuracy with the round and at good terminal ballistic performance [ [http://www.chuckhawks.com/leverevolution.htm Hornady LEVERevolution Ammunition] " by Guns and Shooting Online Staff at Chuck Hawks] [ [http://www.gunsandhunting.com/3030.html The .30-30 Rides Again] , Shooting Illustrated's Guns and Hunting] .

The .30-30 is one of the relatively few popular surviving centerfire rifle cartridges that have a rimmed case. The .30-30, like most other rimmed case examples, such as the 7.62x54R, the .303 British, the 9.3x74R, the .45-70 Government, and the Nitro Express cartridges, are all old cartridge designs that became popular before rimless designs became popular for bolt action rifles. The .307 Winchester, .308 Marlin Express, and the .444 Marlin are exceptions; all of these are modern cartridges designed specifically for lever action rifles.

Rifles and handguns chambered in .30-30

The .30-30 is by far the most common chambering in lever action rifles [ [http://www.chuckhawks.com/deer_rifle.htm Chuck Hawks] article The Deer Rifle] such as the Winchester Model 1894 and the Marlin Model 336. The cartridge's rimmed design, medium length, and moderate pressure work well for the typical lever action design. The rimmed design is also well suited for various single-shot actions, so it is commonly found there as well. Rimmed cartridges are chambered in bolt action rifles, but .30-30 bolt actions are uncommon today, despite being quite effective in the field. "“At one time Winchester turned out the Model 54 bolt-action repeater in this caliber [.30 WCF] , but it was a decided failure, chiefly because the man desiring a bolt action preferred to take one of the better and more powerful cartridges. However, in this particular caliber, the .30 WCF cartridge proved to be decidedly accurate.”"cite book |author=Sharpe, Philip B. |chapter=Part Two Rifle Loading Data |title=Complete Guide to Handloading, A Treatise on Handloading for Pleasure, Economy and Utility |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |year=1937|page=368] In addition, rimmed cartridges typically don't feed well with the box magazines normally found on bolt-action rifles. ["Rimmed cartridges have certain drawbacks, but these were of no concern at the time the design was introduced. The biggest of these is the difficulty in obtaining reliable feeding from a box type magazine. The rims tend to interfere with each other during the feeding cycle. This occurs when the rim of the cartridge being chambered tries to strip the round beneath it, since the rims do not easily ride over one another." in " [http://www.exteriorballistics.com/reloadbasics/cartcase.cfm The Cartridge case] article by Sierra Bullets] ["The rimless cartridge design, generously borrowed from Mauser, was also an improvement as it featured superior feeding from a box magazine. " in [http://www.reloadbench.com/cartridges/3006s.html .30-06 Springfield] article at the Reload Bench] ["When several cartridges are stacked in a magazine, the rims get in the way. " in [http://www.dyerlabs.com/guns_and_ammo/firearms.html GUNS AND AMMO: Terminology - Firearms] ] ["The 222 Remington is in about the same class as the 219 Zipper, but is rimless and adapted to modern bolt action rifles." in [http://www.reloadbench.com/cartridges/222.html .222 Remington article] at the Reload Bench] Another example of a .30-30 Winchester Bolt action rifle is the Remington 788.

In the sport of handgun metallic silhouette shooting, the .30-30 has had some success. The Thompson Center Arms Contender pistol, with its compact frame and break-open action, is ideally suited for cartridges of the .30-30's size. With proper loading, the .30-30 will produce velocities of nearly 2000 f/s (610 m/s) out of the short 10 inch (25 cm) Contender barrel, though recoil and muzzle blast are strong from the short barrel. The longer convert|14|in|cm|sing=on barrel results in significant reductions in felt recoil (due to increased weight) and muzzle blast, with higher velocities, especially if factory loaded rifle ammunition is used. Magnum Research offers their five-shot BFR revolver in .30-30. [ [http://www.magnumresearch.com/Expand.asp?ProductCode=BFR30-30 BFR article] at Magnum Research web site]

Derivative cartridges

In addition to the most common factory derivations, the .25-35 Winchester (6.5 x 52R) and the less well known .219 Zipper, the .30-30 has also spawned many wildcat cartridges over the years. One of the more successful was the 7-30 Waters, made by necking the .30-30 case down to 7 mm (.284 inch). other .30-30 based wildcats are used almost exclusively in the Contender pistol. One of the more notable examples is the .30 Herrett, a .30-30 case necked back to reduce case capacity for more efficient loading with fast burning powders. The .30 Herrett produces higher velocities with less powder than the larger .30-30 case in the short 10 and 14 inch (25 and 35 cm) Contender barrels.

ee also

* List of rifle cartridges
* 7 mm caliber

References

* Barnes, Frank C; Skinner, Stan (Ed.) (1965, 1969, 1972, 1980, 1985, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2003). "Cartridges of the World" (10th ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87349-605-1.
* [http://www.chuckhawks.com/30-30Win.htm Chuck Hawks] article on the .30-30
* [http://www.leverguns.com/articles/3030history.htm Leverguns.com] history of the .30-30