Marvel Entertainment

Marvel Entertainment
Marvel Entertainment, LLC
Type LLC Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company
Industry Entertainment
Predecessor Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc.
ToyBiz
Founded June 1998[1]
Headquarters New York City
Number of locations Manhattan Beach, California, US
City of Westminster, London, UK
West Palm Beach, Florida, US
Area served US , UK
Key people Isaac Perlmutter (CEO)
EVP, Office of the Chief Executive:
Alan Fine, John Turitzin
Joe Quesada(CCO)
Products Comics, Animation, Film
Services Licensing
Employees 255
Parent The Walt Disney Company
Divisions List of divisions
Subsidiaries List of subsidiaries
Website marvel.com

Marvel Entertainment, LLC (Marvel), formerly Marvel Enterprises and Toy Biz, Inc., is an American entertainment company formed from the merger of Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. and Toy Biz, Inc.

In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Inc. for $4 billion.[2] It has been a limited liability company (LLC) since then.

Contents

History

Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc.

Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc.
Former type Subsidiary then Public subsidiary (NYSE:MRV)
Industry Entertainment
Genre Superhero
Fate bankrupt, merger
Predecessor Magazine Management
Successor Marvel Enterprises
Defunct June 1998[1]
Products Comics
Services Licensing
Parent Cadence Industries (?-1986)
New World Pictures (1986-1/1989)
Andrews Group (1989–1997)
Icahn Enterprises (1997)
Subsidiaries Marvel Productions
ToyBiz
Website www.marvel.com

Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. (Marvel or MEG), the parent company of Marvel Comics and Marvel Productions, was put up for sale as part of the liquidation of its then parent corporation, Cadence Industries, and sold in 1986 to New World Pictures.[3] In 1989, Ronald Perelman's MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings group of companies bought Marvel Entertainment Group from New World for $82.5 million,[1] not including Marvel Productions, which was folded into New World' TV and movie business.[3]

"It is a mini-Disney in terms of intellectual property," said Perelman. "Disney's got much more highly recognized characters and softer characters, whereas our characters are termed action heroes. But at Marvel we are now in the business of the creation and marketing of characters."[1]

Going Public and acquisition

Marvel made an initial public offer of 40% of the stock (ticker symbol NYSE:MRV) in July 1991, giving $40 million from the proceeds[1] to Andrews Group, Marvel's then direct parent corporation within MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings.[4] Marvel purchased the trading card company Fleer within a year of going public. In April 1993, Marvel acquired 46% of ToyBiz, for the rights to make Marvel toys.[1] The Andrews Group named Avi Arad of ToyBiz as the president and CEO of the Marvel Films division and of New World Family Filmworks, Inc., a New World Entertainment subsidiary. New World later became a fellow subsidiary of the Andrews Group.[5]

In 1993 and 1994, Marvel's holding companies — Marvel Holdings, Inc. and Marvel Parent Holdings, Inc. — were formed between Andrews Group and MEG and issued over half a billion dollars in bonds under the direction of Perelman, secured by Marvel's rising stock, which was passed up in dividends to Perlman's group of companies.[6] Marvel continued acquisitions with Panini, an Italian sticker-maker, in August 1994, and SkyBox International in April 1995.[1]

Marvel also purchased Heroes World Distribution, a regional distributor to comic-book shops. Marvel's attempt to distribute its products directly led to a decrease in sales and aggravated the losses which Marvel suffered when the comic book bubble[7] popped, the 1994 Major League Baseball strike massacred the profits of the Fleer unit,[8] and Panini, whose revenue depended largely on Disney licensing, was hobbled by poor Disney showings at the box office.[9]

While licensing revenue reached $50 million in 1995, MEG layed off 275 employees on January 4, 1996.[10] Perelman offered to have the Andrews Group purchase additional shares with an issue for $350 million in November 1996 (the "Andrews Plan"), which would have required ToyBiz to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel. Meanwhile, Carl Icahn began buying Marvel's bonds at 20% of their value and moved to block Perelman's plan. The Marvel group of companies filed for bankruptcy on December 27, 1996, but the noteholders, led by Icahn, blocked this.[1]

Creation of Marvel Studios

In August 1996, Marvel created Marvel Studios, an incorporation of Marvel Films, due to the sale of its film and TV sister company, New World Communications Group, to News Corporation/Fox. Filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to raise money to finance the new corporation, Marvel, Isaac Perlmutter's Zib, Inc. and Avi Arad sold Toy Biz stocks, which Marvel had started and took public in February 1995.[11][12]

Icahn fought to take control of the company from Perelman,[9] finally becoming Marvel's chairman on June 20, 1997. Bankruptcy proceedings continued with multi-way arguments

among Perelman, Icahn, Toy Biz and the banks.[1] Toy Biz owners Ike Perlmutter and Avi Arad, with the banks on their side, snatched Marvel from Perelman and Icahn, in order to protect their own financial interests.[9] Comic-book analyst Chuck Rozanski estimated that Perelman made $200 to $400 million from Marvel,[13] while Forbes magazine believes he made nothing;[14] and the judge in the Marvel bankruptcy trial estimated that Perelman made $280 million plus various tax advantages.[9] The judge ousted Icahn as Marvel's chairman in December 1997, naming a trustee to run Marvel while discussion continued between the various factions.[1]

In June 1997, Marvel formed its Marvel Enterprise division, headed by president and CEO Scott C. Marden, to manage its trading card and sticker businesses, as well as Marvel Interactive, an Internet-entertainment and software-publishing company.[15]

A lawsuit by bond holders and Marvel's litigation trustees was filed in 1997, accusing Perelman and other Marvel Board Directors of diverting $553.5 million in proceeds from 1993 and 1994 notes to other MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings' companies, prior to Marvel's 1996 bankruptcy. The lawsuit asked for $470.8 million in damages. The appellate court ruled that, “None of the proceeds went to Marvel, or were used for Marvel’s benefit”, but instead improperly enriched the directors. While denying any wrongdoing, Perelman agreed in August 2008 to settle for $80 million, which the trustees accepted. The settlement fund, after paying off trustees' and legal fees, administrative expenses and a $2 million loan, had $50 million to distribute to some Marvel Entertainment Group shareholders and unsecured creditors.[6]

On February 18, 1998, Marvel and co-owner Universal Studios Hollywood opened Marvel Mania Restaurant near Universal Studios in California,[16] as well as Planet Hollywood. However, Planet Hollywood had financial problems due to expanding too quickly, and closed Marvel Mania.[17]

Marvel Enterprises

ToyBiz and Marvel Entertainment Group were merged into Marvel Enterprises to bring it out of bankruptcy in June 1998.[1] As part of this merger plan, Fleer/SkyBox and Panini would be auctioned off separately.[18]

Later, the rights to names like "Spider-Man" were being challenged. Toy Biz hired an attorney to review its license agreement. Los Angeles patent attorney Carole E. Handler[19] found a legal loophole in the patent and licensing of the Marvel name and was successful in reclaiming Marvel Enterprises' movie rights to its character Spider-Man.[20][21][22][23]

In 2003, Bill Stine purchased back Quest Aerospace, a 1995 Toy Biz acquisition, from Marvel.[24] In summer 2003, Marvel places an offer for Artisan Entertainment.[25] A new unit, Marvel International, was set up in London under a president, Bruno Maglione, to extend the company's operation and presence in major overseas markets in November 2003.[26] In December 2003, Marvel Entertainment acquired Cover Concepts from Hearst Communications, Inc.[27] In November 2004, Marvel consolidated its children's sleepwear-apparel licensing business with American Marketing Enterprises, Inc.[28]

In November 2004, the corporation sued South Korea-based NCSoft Corp. and San Jose, California-based Cryptic Studios Inc. over possible trademark infringement in their City of Heroes massive mutltiplayer online game.[29] Marvel settled a film-royalties lawsuit in April 2005 with its former editor-in-chief and publisher, Stan Lee, paying him $10 million and negotiating an end to his royalties.[30]

Marvel Entertainment

In September 2005, Marvel Enterprises changed its name to Marvel Entertainment to reflect the corporation's expansion into financing its own movie slate.[31]

In 2007, several Stan Lee Media related groups filed lawsuits against Marvel Entertainment for $1 billion and for Lee's Marvel creations in multiple states most of which are dismissed.[32] Additionally, a lawsuit over ownership of the character Ghost Rider was filed On March 30, 2007, by Gary Friedrich and Gary Friedrich Enterprises, Inc.[33]

Disney subsidiary

On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Entertainment for $4.24 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and about 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own.[34] The voting occurred on December 31, 2009 and the merger was approved.[2][35] The acquisition of Marvel was finalized hours after the shareholder voted, therefore, giving Disney full ownership of Marvel Entertainment.[36] The company was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange under its ticker symbol (MVL), due to the closing of the deal.

On June 2, 2010 Marvel announced that it promoted Joe Quesada to Chief Creative Officer of Marvel Entertainment.[37] In June 2010, Marvel set up a television division headed by Jeph Loeb as executive vice president.[38] Three months later, Smith & Tinker licensed from Marvel the character rights for a superhero digital collectible game for Facebook and Apple's mobile platform.[39] On October 1, 2010, Marvel moved its offices to a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m2) suite at 135 W. 50th Street, New York City, New York, under a nine year sublease contract.[40]

Stan Lee Media's lawsuit against Marvel was dismissed again in February 2011.[32]

In July 2011, a U.S. District Court judge ruled that Marvel characters co-created by Jack Kirby would remain the property of Marvel.[41]

Units

Former

As of 2011

The company's operating units include:

Divisions

  • Marvel Toys (formerly Toy Biz): a toy company owned by Isaac Perlmutter since the 1990s.
  • Spider-Man Merchandising, L.P.: A joint venture of Marvel and Sony Pictures Consumer Products Inc. that owns the rights to Spider-Man movie related licensed products.

Subsidiaries

  • MVL Development LLC (Delaware)
  • Marvel Entertainment International Limited (United Kingdom)
  • Marvel Internet Productions LLC (Delaware)
  • Marvel Property, Inc. (Delaware)
  • Marvel Publishing, Inc.: publisher of Marvel Comics;
  • Marvel Toys Limited (Hong Kong)
  • MRV, Inc. (Delaware)
  • Marvel Film Productions LLC (Delaware)
  • MVL International C.V. (The Netherlands)
  • Marvel Studios: a film and television production company
Intellectual property holding companies
  • Marvel Characters, Inc.
  • Marvel Characters B.V. (The Netherlands)
  • Marvel International Character Holdings LLC (Delaware)
Film Slate Subsidiaries
  • MVL Film Finance LLC: holder of Marvel's Movie debt and theatrical film rights to the ten characters as collateral.[51]
  • MVL Rights, LLC: subsidiary holding movie rights of all Marvel Characters with some on contract with MVL Film Finance
  • Iron Works Productions LLC: subsidiary holding debt to finance the Iron Man films.[citation needed]
  • MVL Productions LLC: an indirect wholly owned a film development subsidiary[52]
  • Incredible Productions LLC (Delaware): subsidiary holding debt to finance the Incredible Hulk film
  • MVL Iron Works Productions Canada, Inc. (Province of Ontario)
  • MVL Incredible Productions Canada, Inc. (Province of Ontario)
  • Asgard Productions LLC (Delaware)
  • Green Guy Toons LLC (Delaware)
  • Squad Productions LLC (Delaware)[53]

Executives

  • Bruno Maglione, president of Marvel International November 2003 -[26]
  • Scott Sassa Chief Executive Officer & Chairman October 1996-[54]
  • Terry Stewart, president and Chief Operating Officer (COO), 1993[55]
  • Morton E. Handel, chairman of the board, October 1998 -?
  • Joseph Ahearn, CEO, October 1998[56] - November 24, 1998 (from ToyBiz)
  • Eric Ellenbogen, CEO, November 24, 1998[57] - ?
  • F. Peter Cuneo, CEO, July 1999 - December 2002
  • Allen Lipson, CEO December 2002[58] - ?
  • Isaac Perlmutter, CEO, as of 2011

President

  • Stan Lee 1972-1973[59][60]
  • Al Landau 1973-1977
  • Jim Galton 1975-1991[61]
  • Terry Stewart, (COO), 1993
  • Bruce Stein -1994[62]
  • Terry Stewart (and vice chairman) - May 1995[54]
  • Jerry Calabrese May 1995-Mid 1996 & October 1998-November 1998[54]
  • Scott C. Marden (interim) Mid 1996-September 1996[54]
  • David Schref (Chief Operating Officer) September 1996 -[54]
  • Joseph Calamari - October 1998[54]
  • Eric Ellenbogan November 1998 - July 1999[54]
  • Peter Cuneo July 1999 -[54]
  • Bill Jemas c.2000[54]

References

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External links

Portal icon New York City portal
Portal icon Companies portal
Portal icon Comics portal
Portal icon Disney portal
v · d · eMarvel Entertainment
Executives
Isaac Perlmutter, CEO • EVP, Office of the Chief Executive: Alan Fine, John Turitzin • Joe Quesada (CCO)
Publishing
Marvel Comics • Marvel Music · Marvel Press (joint w/Disney Books) • Cover Concepts
Films
Licensing
Marvel Characters • MVL Rights • Marvel Toys • Spider-Man Merchandising, L.P. (J.V. w/Sony)
Annual Revenue: increase 139.8 Million USD · Employees: 255 · Parent: The Walt Disney Company Web site: Marvel.com

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