Cervical rib

Cervical rib
Cervical rib
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 Q76.5
ICD-9 756.2
OMIM 117900
DiseasesDB 2317
3D CT reconstruction of a cervical rib.

A cervical rib is a supernumerary (or extra) rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. It is a congenital abnormality located above the normal first rib. A cervical rib is present in only about 1 in 500 (0.2%) of people;[1] in even rarer cases, an individual may have two cervical ribs. Cervical ribs are sometimes known as "neck ribs".[2]

Contents

Associated conditions

The presence of a cervical rib can cause a form of thoracic outlet syndrome due to compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery. These structures are entrapped between the cervical rib and scalenus muscle.

Compression of the brachial plexus may be identified by weakness of the muscles around the muscles in the hand, near the base of the thumb. Compression of the subclavian artery is often diagnosed by finding a positive Adson's sign on examination, where the radial pulse in the arm is lost during abduction and external rotation of the shoulder.

It is under scientific debate to what degree children born with cervical ribs develop early childhood cancer at a higher rate than the general population [3][4]. The Hox genes that control the development of cervical vertebrae are believed to play a role in suppressing cancer.[4]

In other vertebrates

Many vertebrates, especially reptiles, have cervical ribs as a normal part of their anatomy rather than a pathological condition. Some sauropods had exceptionally long cervical ribs; those of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis were nearly 4 meters long.

In birds, the cervical ribs are small and completely fused to the vertebrae.

In mammals the ventral parts of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae are the fused-on cervical ribs.

Anatomy diagrams

References

  1. ^ Galis F (1999). "Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes, and cancer". J. Exp. Zool. 285 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19990415)285:1<19::AID-JEZ3>3.0.CO;2-Z. PMID 10327647. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/60502054/abstract. 
  2. ^ Selim, Jocelyn. "Useless Body Parts". http://discovermagazine.com/2004/jun/useless-body-parts. 
  3. ^ Myers, PZ. "Debate on Vertebral variation, Hox genes, development, and cancer". http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006/01/vertebral_variation_hox_genes.php#comment-1157189. Retrieved 2008-04-16. 
  4. ^ a b Myers, PZ. "Vertebral variation, Hox genes, development, and cancer". http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006/01/vertebral_variation_hox_genes.php. Retrieved 2008-04-16. 
v · d · eCongenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system / musculoskeletal abnormality (Q65–Q76, 754–756.3)
Appendicular
limb / dysmelia
hand deformity:
Lower
hip:
Genu valgum · Genu varum · Genu recurvatum · Discoid meniscus · Congenital patellar dislocation · Congenital knee dislocation
foot deformity:
varus (Club foot / Pigeon toe) · valgus (Flat feet) · Pes cavus · Rocker bottom foot · Hammer toe
Either / both
dactyly / digit:
reduction deficits / limb:
Acheiropodia · ectromelia (Phocomelia · Amelia · Hemimelia)
multiple joints:
Axial
Craniofacial dysostosis:
Crouzon syndrome · Hypertelorism · Hallermann-Streiff syndrome · Treacher-Collins syndrome
other:
spinal curvature (Scoliosis) · Klippel-Feil syndrome · Spondylolisthesis · Spina bifida occulta · Sacralization
Thoracic skeleton
Cervical · Bifid
sternum:

M: JNT

anat(h/c, u, t, l)/phys

noco(arth/defr/back/soft)/cong, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(M01C, M4)

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Cervical rib — A supernumerary (extra) rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. It is located above the normal first rib. A cervical rib is present in only about 1 in 200 (0.5%) of people. It may cause nerve and artery problems. There are normally… …   Medical dictionary

  • cervical rib syndrome — a thoracic outlet syndrome caused by a cervical rib …   Medical dictionary

  • cervical rib — noun : a supernumerary rib sometimes found in the neck above the usual first rib …   Useful english dictionary

  • Rib, cervical — A extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. It is located above the normal first rib. A cervical rib is present in only about 1 in 200 (0.5%) of people. It may cause nerve and artery problems. There are normally 12 pairs of ribs… …   Medical dictionary

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  • rib — rib1 ribber, n. ribless, adj. riblike, adj. /rib/, n., v., ribbed, ribbing. n. 1. one of a series of curved bones that are articulated with the vertebrae and occur in pairs, 12 in humans, on each side of the vertebrate body, certain pairs being… …   Universalium

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