Orbost railway line, Victoria

VictorianRailwayLineInfobox
type = vic
name = Orbost
yearcommenced = 1877
yearopened =
yearcompleted = 1916
yearclosed =
fate =
lengthkm =
stations =
tracks =
users = V/Line passenger services, freight traffic
servicepattern =
RollingStock =
connections =
formerconnections =

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The Orbost railway line (also known as the Gippsland line) is a railway serving the Latrobe Valley and Gippsland regions of Victoria, Australia. Running east from the state capital Melbourne though the cities of Moe, Morwell, Traralgon, Sale and Bairnsdale until reaching the eventual terminus of Orbost. Today the line ends at Bairnsdale.

ervices

Connex Melbourne operates suburban passenger services along the inner section of the line as the Pakenham Line, while V/Line services operate as the Interurban Traralgon Line and the Intercity Bairnsdale Line. Freight services also use the line, operated by Pacific National. Almost the whole line from Bairnsdale to Orbost is now open as the East Gippsland Rail Trail, a shared walking, cycling and horseriding track.

History

Rail lines were built to Gippsland in the 1870s and initially played a crucial role in developing agricultural industries in Gippsland as well as tourism. It also played a crucial role in the development of coal mining in the Latrobe Valley in the 1920's. At its peak, the railway travelled as far east as Orbost and there are still frequent services to many of the towns. Some of the disused rail lines have been turned into tourist railways and/or rail trails.

The Melbourne and Suburban Railway Company opened a line from Princes Bridge railway station to Punt Road (Richmond) and South Yarra in 1859, Prahran in 1859 and Windsor in 1860, connecting with the St Kilda and Brighton Railway Company line. This line was extended to Dandenong, Pakenham, Warragul, Moe, Morwell, Traralgon, Sale, Stratford and Bairnsdale between 1877 and 1879. It was extended to Orbost in 1916. The line east of Sale was closed in 1994, but was reopened to Bairnsdale in 2004.

The railway to Orbost opened in 1916 and operated until 1987, principally carrying timber and farming produce. In the early days of the railway's operation dedicated passenger trains ran but these ceased by the 1930s. The track infrastructure was dismantled in 1994. The line traversed a mixture of farmland, hills and heavily forested country. It included numerous bridges, including the Stoney Creek Trestle Bridge, the largest of its kind in Victoria.

In 1954 the line beyond Dandenong was electrified mainly because of the expected briquette traffic from the brown coal mines in the Latrobe Valley, and over the next two years most of the line between Dandenong and Pakenham was duplicated and provided with power signalling, although Narre Warren to Berwick was not done until 1962. In due course, the rail transport of briquettes petered out as industry converted to natural gas and homes were converted to other forms of heating.

Electrification was cut back to Warragul in 1987, when suburban services started to Warragul. Electrification and suburban services were cut back to Bunyip in 1998. The Victorian Regional Fast Rail project upgraded one of the two lines in 2005, between Pakenham and Traralgon.

Branch lines

A branch line was built north from Warragul in stages from the 1890s, reaching Noojee in 1919. This was closed in 1959.

A narrow gauge (762 mm) branch line was completed across mountainous country from Moe to Erica and Walhalla in 1910. It closed north of Erica in 1944 and altogether in 1954. The northern-most section between Thomson and Walhalla stations has been reopened as a tourist railway by the Walhalla Goldfields Railway, but one bridge was destroyed in the December 2006 bushfires so trains are now operating on only part of the line.

A branch line was also opened from Moe to Thorpdale in 1888, which was closed in 1958. A branch line was opened from Hermes Oak (between Moe and Morwell) to Yallourn in the 1890s. This was replaced by a line from Moe to Yallourn in 1953, because its route was required for brown coal mining, but the new line closed in 1987.

A branch line was opened from Morwell to Mirboo North in 1886 but closed in 1974 because part of the line ran over a brown coalfield that was subsequently developed. [cite web | url=http://www.latrobe.vic.gov.au/webfiles/media/link/march03/link%20mar%2003%20-%20page%2007.pdf | title=Railways of the Latrobe Valley| publisher= [http://www.latrobe.vic.gov.au Latrobe City] | accessdate=2006-06-07 ] . The Maryvale paper siding also connects to the line at Morwell and remains open today for regular freight traffic.

A loop line was opened from Traralgon to Heyfield, Maffra and Stratford in 1887 and closed in stages from 1987. A branch line was opened from Maffra to Briagolong in 1889 and closed in 1953.

Several timber tramways also existed from many of the stations between Pakenham and Yarragon.

Significance

The expansion of the railway in the late 1870's helped to develop Gippsland. It enabled milk from western Gippsland to be sold fresh into Melbourne while the dairy industry of east Gippsland provided cheese and butter. It also enabled development of west Gippsland's market gardening and orcharding industry for sale in Melbourne markets.

It also encouraged the development of a tourism industry notably at Lakes Entrance. It did however end coastal shipping traffic and the use of Sale and Bairnsdale as ports.

In the 1920s, the Gippsland railway played an important role in developing the mining of lignite coal and the development of the Latrobe Valley for power generation primarily serving Melbourne and Victoria. This saw the development of industry in towns such as Yallourn, Morwell, Traralgon, Moe, Warragul and Drouin.

The development of the Gipplsand Railway helped fuel the Melbourne land boom in the 1870s. The original departure point for the railway was Oakleigh with the line connecting Oakleigh and Melbourne not built until 1879. The Victorian railways bought land in Oakleigh for use as workshops. Oakleigh became a centre of what was known as "railway fever" as developers developed and marketed houses close to rail lines between Oakleigh and other suburbs for use of workers travelling to and from their job. At the height of the land boom in 1888, land sales were being held two or three times a week in the district. The collapse of the land boom in 1889 led eventually to banking collapses in 1893 and the major depression of the 1890s.

The Gippsland railway remains a significant passenger corridor on the V/Line network although its use for freight business has now declined to only two major customers (paper and export log traffic).

Tourist railways and rail trails

Many of the lines in Gippsland have closed because they had become uneconomic. Some of these have been turned into tourist railways including:

* the Walhalla Goldfields Railway between Moe and Walhalla; and

* the South Gippsland Railway between Leongatha, Korumburra and Nyora.

Other stretches of line have become rail trails for use by bicyclists. These include:

* the Noojee Trestle Bridge Trail in the upper reaches of the Latrobe River;

* a section between Erica and the Thomson River on the former Walhalla line;

* Collins Siding to Tyers Valley Rail Trail near Moe;

* Moe to Yallourn Rail Trail;

* Mirboo North to Boolarra Rail Trail;

* Great Southern Rail Trail from Leongatha to Foster;

* Bass Coast Rail Trail Anderson to Wonthaggi;

* East Gippsland Rail Trail from Bairnsdale to Nowa Nowa, and in 2005 being extended to Orbost; and the

* Gippsland Plains Rail Trail from Stratford to Maffra.

Line guide

Bold stations are termini.

References

External links

* [http://www.sgr.org.au South Gippsland Railway]
* [http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=infrastructure&section=lineguide&line=Bairnsdale Statistics and detailed schematic map] at the [http://www.vicsig.net/ vicsig] enthusiast website

History
* [http://www.monash.vic.gov.au/history/section-a-4.html City of Monash page on the Gippsland Railway]
* [http://www.railtrails.org.au/states/vic/gippsland.htm Gippsland Rail Trails]
* [http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/oakleigh.html Monash University gazeteer on Oakleigh]
* [http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/moe.html Monash University gazeteer on Moe]