Jacqueline du Pré

Jacqueline du Pré
Jacqueline du Pré with the Davydov Stradivarius and Daniel Barenboim
Background information
Birth name	Jacqueline Mary du Pré
Born	26 January 1945(1945-01-26) Oxford, England, UK
Died	19 October 1987(1987-10-19) (aged 42) London, England, UK
Genres	Classical
Occupations	Cellist
Instruments	Cello
Years active	1961–1973
Website	www.JacquelineduPre.net
Notable instruments
1673 Antonio Stradivarius Sergio Peresson 1970 David Tecchler 1696 Davydov Stradivarius 1712 Francesco Goffriller

Jacqueline Mary du Pré OBE (26 January 1945 – 19 October 1987) was a British cellist. She is particularly associated with Elgar's Cello Concerto in E Minor; her interpretation has been described as "definitive" and "legendary."^[1] Her career was cut short by multiple sclerosis, which forced her to stop performing at 28 and led to her premature death. Posthumously, she also became the subject of a cinematic film "Hilary and Jackie", that was factually controversial and criticized by many over the sensationalization of her private life. The film was based on the posthumous memoir "A Genius in the Family" published by her siblings Hilary du Pré and Piers du Pre.

Early years

Du Pré was born in Oxford, England, the second child of Derek and Iris du Pré. Derek was born in Jersey where his family had lived for generations. After working as an accountant at Lloyds Bank in St. Helier and London, he became assistant editor and later editor of The Accountant. Iris Greep was a talented pianist and taught at the Royal Academy of Music in London.^[2] At the age of four du Pré is said to have heard the sound of the cello on the radio and asked her mother for "one of those." She began with lessons from her mother, who composed little pieces accompanied by illustrations, before beginning study at the London Violoncello School at age five. Her first teacher was Alison Dalrymple. She then changed schools, attending Croydon High School, an independent day school for girls in South Croydon.

From an early age du Pré was entering and winning local music competitions alongside her sister, flautist Hilary du Pré. Her main teacher from 1955 to 1961, both privately and at the Guildhall School of Music in London, was the celebrated cellist William Pleeth. In 1960 she won the Gold Medal of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and the same year participated in a Pablo Casals masterclass in Zermatt, Switzerland. In 1962 she undertook short-term studies with Paul Tortelier in Paris, and in 1966 with Mstislav Rostropovich in Russia. Rostropovich was so impressed with his young pupil that at the end of his tutorship he declared her "the only cellist of the younger generation that could equal and overtake [his] own achievement."^[3]

Career

In March 1961, at age sixteen, du Pré made her formal début, at Wigmore Hall, London. She made her concerto début in 1962 at the Royal Festival Hall playing the Elgar Cello Concerto with the BBC Symphony Orchestra under Rudolf Schwarz. She performed at the Proms in 1963, playing the Elgar Concerto with Sir Malcolm Sargent. Her performance of the concerto proved so popular that she returned three years in succession to perform the work. At her 3 September 1964 Prom Concert, she performed the Elgar concerto as well as the world premiere of Priaulx Rainier's Cello Concerto. Du Pré became a favourite at the Proms, performing every year until 1969.

In 1965, at age twenty, du Pré recorded the Elgar Concerto for EMI with the London Symphony Orchestra and Sir John Barbirolli, which brought her international recognition. This recording has become the benchmark reference for the work, and one which has never been out of print since its release. Du Pré also performed the Elgar with the BBC Symphony Orchestra under Antal Doráti for her United States début, at Carnegie Hall on 14 May 1965.

Du Pré performed with several prestigious orchestras, including the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony, London Philharmonic, New Philharmonia Orchestra, BBC Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, Israel Philharmonic, and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. She regularly performed with such famous conductors as Barbirolli, Sargent, Sir Adrian Boult, Daniel Barenboim, Zubin Mehta, and Leonard Bernstein.

Du Pré primarily played two Stradivarius cellos, the 1673 cello (now called the "du Pré Stradivarius"), and the 1712 Davidov Stradivarius. Both instruments were gifts from her godmother, Ismena Holland. She performed with the 1673 Stradivarius from 1961 until 1964, when she acquired the Davidov. Many of her most famous recordings were made on this instrument, including the Elgar Concerto with Barbirolli, the Robert Schumann Cello Concerto with Barenboim, and the two Brahms cello sonatas. From 1969 to 1970 du Pré played a Francesco Goffriller cello, and in 1970 she acquired a modern instrument from the Philadelphia violin maker Sergio Peresson. It was the Peresson cello that du Pré played for the remainder of her career until 1973, using it for a second, live, recording of the Elgar Concerto, and her last studio recording, of Frédéric Chopin's Cello Sonata in G minor and César Franck's Violin Sonata in A arranged as a cello sonata, in December 1971.

Her friendship with musicians Yehudi Menuhin, Itzhak Perlman, Zubin Mehta, and Pinchas Zukerman and marriage to Daniel Barenboim led to many memorable chamber-music performances. In a book review for two biographies about the cellist, the former wife of Zukerman once wrote that du Pré was "one of the most stunningly gifted musicians of our time".^[4] The 1969 performance at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London of the Schubert Piano Quintet in A major, "The Trout", was the basis of a film, The Trout, by Christopher Nupen. Nupen made other films featuring du Pré, including Jacqueline du Pré and the Elgar Cello Concerto, a documentary featuring a live performance of the Elgar; and The Ghost, with Barenboim and Zukerman in a performance of the Piano Trio in D Major, Op. 70, No. 1, by Beethoven.

Personal life

Jacqueline du Pré met pianist Daniel Barenboim on New Year's Eve 1966. Shortly after the Six-Day War ended, she cancelled all her existing engagements (to the enormous annoyance of promoters),^[5] and they flew to Jerusalem. She converted to Judaism, and they were married on 15 June 1967^[6] at the Western Wall.

Du Pré’s sister Hilary married conductor Christopher "Kiffer" Finzi, and they had four children. Jacqueline had an affair with Finzi from 1971 to 1972. According to Hilary and her brother Piers in their book A Genius in the Family, which was made into the film Hilary and Jackie, the affair was conducted with Hilary's consent as a way of helping Jacqueline through a nervous breakdown.^[7] In 1999, Clare Finzi, the daughter of Kiffer and Hilary, publicly criticised her mother's account and laid out a different version of events. She said her father was a serial adulterer who had seduced her emotionally vulnerable aunt in a time of great need in order to gratify his own ego.

Multiple sclerosis

In 1971 du Pré’s playing began an irreversible decline as she started to lose sensitivity in her fingers and other parts of her body. She was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in October 1973. Her last recording of sonatas by Chopin and Franck took place in December 1971. She went on sabbatical from 1971 to 1972, and she performed rarely. In 1973 du Pré resumed performance, but by then her symptoms had become severe. In January she toured North America. Some of the less-than-complimentary reviews were an indication that her condition had worsened, although there were brief moments when she played without noticeable problems. Her last London concerts were in February 1973, performing the Elgar Concerto with Zubin Mehta and the New Philharmonia Orchestra.

Her last public concerts took place in New York in February 1973: four performances of the Brahms Double Concerto with Pinchas Zukerman and Leonard Bernstein conducting the New York Philharmonic were scheduled. Du Pré recalled that she had problems judging the weight of the bow, and just opening the cello case had become difficult. As she had lost sensation in her fingers, she had to coordinate her fingering visually. She performed three of the concerts and cancelled the last. Isaac Stern stepped in for her, performing Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto.

Du Pré died in London on 19 October 1987, aged 42. She is buried in Golders Green Jewish Cemetery.

The Vuitton Foundation purchased her Davidov Stradivarius for just over £1 million and made it available on loan to Yo-Yo Ma. Russian cellist Nina Kotova now owns the 1673 Stradivarius, named by Lynn Harrell the du Pré Stradivarius in tribute.^[8] Her 1970 Peresson cello is currently on loan to cellist Kyril Zlotnikov of the Jerusalem Quartet.^[9]

Controversial book and film

Anand Tucker's controversial 1998 film Hilary and Jackie is based on A Genius in the Family, with Emily Watson as Jacqueline and Rachel Griffiths as Hilary. Although the film was a critical and box-office success and received several Academy Award nominations, it ignited a furore, especially in London, the centre of du Pre's activities. A group of her closest colleagues, including fellow cellists Mstislav Rostropovich and Julian Lloyd Webber, sent a bristling letter to The Times. Clare Finzi, Hilary's daughter, charged that the film was a "gross misinterpretation, which I cannot let go unchallenged." Students from the Royal College of Music picketed the premiere. Barenboim was said to have remarked, "Couldn't they have waited until I was dead?"^[10]

Hilary, Jackie's sister and co-author of the book, strongly defends both the book and the film. She wrote in The Guardian: "At first I could not understand why people didn't believe my story, because I had set out to tell the whole truth. When you tell someone the truth about your family, you don't expect them to turn around and say that it's bunkum. But I knew that Jackie would have respected what I had done. If I had gone for half-measures, she would have torn it up. She would have wanted the complete story to be told."^[11] The New Yorker reported Hilary as saying, "When you love someone, you love the whole of them. Those who are against the film want to look only at the pieces of Jackie's life that they accept. I don't think the film has taken any liberties at all. Jackie would have absolutely loved it."^[12]

Honours and awards

Du Pré received several fellowships from music academies and honorary doctorate degrees from universities in honour of her contribution to music. In 1956 she was the second recipient (after Rohan de Saram in 1955) of the prestigious Guilhermina Suggia Award, at age 11, and remains the youngest recipient. In 1960, she won the Gold Medal of the Guildhall School of Music in London and the Queen's Prize for British musicians. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1976 New Year Honours.^[13] At the 1977 BRIT Awards, she won the award for the best classical soloist album of the past 25 years for Elgar's Cello Concerto.^{[citation needed]}

After her death, a rose cultivar named in her honour received the Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society.^[14] She was made an honorary fellow of St Hilda's College, Oxford, whose music building bears her name.

References

1. ^ "How Elgar came to Write the Concerto". The Elgar Society. http://www.elgar.org/3cello-c.htm. Retrieved 21 May 2007. 
2. ^ Jose Sanchez-Penzo (6 June 2005). "Jacqueline du Pré Homage Page". jose-sanchez-penzo. http://www.jose-sanchez-penzo.net/jdupre.html. Retrieved 29 April 2008. 
3. ^ Elizabeth Wilson (February 2005). "Jacqueline du Pré: A 60th year Anniversary celebration". BBC Music Magazine: pp. 22–26. http://www.jacquelinedupre.net/memorabilia/bbcmag_200502/source/bbc_mag_jackie_5.htm. Retrieved 21 May 2007. 
4. ^ Heartstrings. (Zukerman, Eugenia). Washington Post, 25 April 1999. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
5. ^ Laurie Strachan, "Tragically unresonant", Weekend Australian, 6–7 February 1999
6. ^ Jacqueline DuPré Biography
7. ^ Du Pré, Piers; Du Pré, Hilary (1996). A genius in the family : an intimate memoir of Jacqueline du Pré. London: Heinemann. ISBN 0-434-00344-1. 
8. ^ Andy McSmith (4 April 2007). "Why do Stradivarius violins fetch so much, and are they worth it?". The Independent. Archived from the original on 27 May 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070527084039/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20070404/ai_n18786716. Retrieved 30 June 2007. 
9. ^ "Kyril Zlotnikov". Cellist.nl. http://www.cellist.nl/database/showcellist.asp?id=1532. Retrieved 30 June 2007. 
10. ^ Jay Nordlinger (22 February 1999). "Music: Twisted Sister – Review". The National Review. Archived from the original on 26 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080426101239/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_1999_Feb_22/ai_53703740. Retrieved 29 April 2008. 
11. ^ Staff writers (21 January 1999). "The Truth About Our Wonderful Sister Jackie". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/1999/jan/21/5#article_continue. Retrieved 29 April 2008. 
12. ^ Jay Fielden (8 February 1999). "The Talk of the Town, "The Pictures"". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1999/02/08/1999_02_08_024_TNY_LIBRY_000017474. Retrieved 29 April 2008. 
13. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 46777. p. 10. 30 December 1975. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
14. ^ "Rosa Jacqueline du Pré (Harwanna) AGM". The Royal Horticultural Society. July 2007. http://www.rhs.org.uk/WhatsOn/gardens/hydehall/archive/hydehallpom04jul.asp. Retrieved 29 April 2008. 

Selected discography

• Elgar: Cello Concerto / Sea Pictures / Cockaigne (In London Town) Overture. Janet Baker. London Symphony Orchestra/Sir John Barbirolli (EMI 0724356288720)
• Brahms: Cello Sonatas. Daniel Barenboim (EMI 0724356275829)
• Haydn: Cello Concertos Nos. 1 & 2/ Boccherini: Cello Concerto in B flat (arr. Grützmacher). English Chamber Orchestra/Daniel Barenboim. London Symphony Orchestra/Sir John Barbirolli (EMI 0724356694828)
• Beethoven: Piano Trios Opp. 1 & 97 / Variations and Allegrettos. Daniel Barenboim, Pinchas Zukerman (EMI 0094635079821)
• Beethoven: Piano Trio Op. 70/Cello Sonatas Nos. 3 & 5. Daniel Barenboim, Pinchas Zukerman (Trio), Stephen Kovacevich (sonatas) (EMI 0094635080728)
• Jacqueline du Pré – The Early BBC Recordings (EMI 0724358623628)
• Beethoven: Cello Sonatas. Daniel Barenboim (EMI 0724358624229)
• Beethoven Cello Sonatas, No. 3 in A, Op. 69; No. 5 in D, Op. 102; No. 2 (Angel 36384)
• Brahms/Chopin/Franck:Cello Sonatas. Daniel Barenboim (EMI 0724358623321)
• Dvořák: Cello Concerto in B minor/Schumann:Cello Concerto in A Minor; New Philharmonia Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra/Daniel Barenboim (EMI 0724356280526)
• The Complete EMI Recordings (17 discs). Various co-performers (EMI 5099950416721)

On DVD

• Remembering Jacqueline du Pré (1994), directed by Christopher Nupen
• Jacqueline du Pré in Portrait (2004), directed by Christopher Nupen
• The Trout (1970 documentary released on DVD in 2005), directed by Christopher Nupen
• Jacqueline du Pré: A Celebration of Her Unique and Enduring Gift (2007), directed by Christopher Nupen
• Hilary and Jackie (1998), dramatised portrait directed by Anand Tucker

Bibliography

• Wilson, Elizabeth A. M. (1999). Jacqueline du Pré: Her Life, Her Music, Her Legend. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-20017-6. 
• Easton, Carol (2000). Jacqueline du Pré: A Biography. Cambridge: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80976-1. 
• Du Pré, Piers; du Pré, Hilary (1997). A Genius in the Family: Intimate Memoir of Jacqueline du Pré. London: Sinclair-Stevenson. ISBN 1-85619-753-0. 

External links

• Official website
• Emily Watson, "Interview with Hilary du Pré and Emily Watson"
• Jay Nordlinger, "Critical review 'twisted sister' "
• 'Who was Jacqueline du Pré'^{[dead link]}
• Biography on "Cellist.nl" Database

Persondata
Name	Pre, Jacqueline du
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	26 January 1945
Place of birth
Date of death	19 October 1987
Place of death