Vladimir Kozlov

Vladimir Kozlov
Vladimir Kozlov
Ring name(s) Alexander Kozlov[1]
Oleg Prudius[2]
Vladimir Kozlov[2][3]
Billed height 6 ft 2.7 in (1.90 m)[3]
Billed weight 314 lb (142 kg)[3]
Born April 27, 1972 (1972-04-27) (age 39)[4]
Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
Resides Bal Harbour, Florida, United States
Billed from Moscow, Russia[3]
Trained by Deep South Wrestling
Ohio Valley Wrestling
Debut 2005[2]

Oleg Aleksandrovich Prudius (Russian: Олег Александрович Прудиус; Ukrainian: Олег Олександрович Прудіус, Oleh Oleksandrovych Prudius; born on April 27, 1972) is a Ukrainian American professional wrestler, also known by his ring name Vladimir Kozlov (Russian: Владимир Козлов).[5] Since competing for WWE, he won the WWE Tag Team Championships with Santino Marella on one occasion.[3] He is trained in freestyle wrestling, rugby, football, sambo, kickboxing, judo, and mixed martial arts.[2][6]

Prudius has also worked as a stage and screen actor, notably having a small role in Spike Lee's 25th Hour.[2][6], and a walk-on role in the second season of the HBO hit series The Wire. Prudius also had a role in Grindhouse, appearing in the "Werewolf Women of the SS" trailer; he was credited under his real name and his WWE persona for the appearance. He is a former Ohio Valley Wrestling Heavyweight Champion.[2]

Contents

Before wrestling

Prudius has won numerous achievements, becoming the 2005 USA Open Heavyweight Sambo Champion and a United States Kick-Boxing Association (USKBA) International Heavyweight Grappling Champion.[2] He has also played American football for the Ukrainian National Team as well as Santa Barbara City College.[3].

Professional wrestling career

World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE (2006–2011)

Kozlov entering the arena during a dark match on February 25, 2008

On January 17, 2006, World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) announced that Prudius had signed a developmental deal and was sent to Deep South Wrestling.[7] On April 7, 2006, he debuted under his real name and had his first match in DSW against Bobby Walker.

On May 5, 2006, Prudius had his first untelevised WWE match during a house show in San Jose, California, defeating Rob Conway. The next night, at another house show in Sacramento, California, Matt Striker cut a promo on Prudius, calling him a "filthy immigrant", causing Prudius to attack him. Prudius then picked up the microphone and said he that he is "proud to be in America."

On the December 18, 2006 episode of Raw, Prudius made an appearance as a WWE prospect named Vladimir Kozlov, which became his ring name. For the next several weeks, Kozlov was interviewed on WWE programming, proclaiming his love for "Double Double E" (WWE) but also began drawing a villainous response after declaring his superiority over whatever wrestlers were competing at the time, saying "I could beat both of them." He then was taken off television for over a year while working in the developmental system and participating in a number of dark matches, all of which he won.[8]

Ohio Valley Wrestling (2007–2008)

On July 28, 2007 in Louisville, Kentucky, Kozlov won the OVW Heavyweight Championship by defeating Paul Burchill, but gave the Championship the same night to Michael W. Kruel due to an agreement they made before.[2]

SmackDown (2008–2009)

On the April 4, 2008 episode of SmackDown, Kozlov made his official WWE debut as a villain, with the unique quirk of having no entrance music and no TitanTron video – his "entrance" consisted of complete darkness except for a solitary spotlight following him to the ring. He defeated Matt Bentley in his first match,[9] and over the following weeks, Kozlov would go on to easily win several matches, first against local talent and then established names including Colin Delaney,[10] Funaki,[11] Nunzio,[12] Shannon Moore,[13] Jimmy Wang Yang,[14] Jamie Noble,[15] and Domino.[16] On the July 11, 2008 episode of SmackDown, Kozlov debuted an entrance theme and TitanTron video as he defeated Stevie Richards.[17]

In the following weeks, as Kozlov continued to easily win matches, he began demanding "better competition". On the September 12, 2008 episode of SmackDown, he started to seek that competition, attacking Jeff Hardy. Over the following weeks, Kozlov would continue attacking both Hardy and the WWE Champion Triple H, eventually starting a loose feud between the three of them over the WWE Championship. On the November 7 episode of SmackDown, Kozlov earned a match against Triple H for the WWE Title at Survivor Series after defeating The Undertaker by disqualification after he was attacked by Jeff Hardy.[18] The match was originally intended to include Kozlov, Jeff Hardy, and Triple H, although Hardy was removed due to a storyline injury. The result of this was the addition of Edge to the match while it was in progress, and ultimately Edge would go on to pin Triple H and win the title.

Kozlov in the WrestleMania XXV Fan Axxess

Continuing his pursuit of the WWE Title, Kozlov competed in and was unsuccessful in winning a Beat the Clock Challenge match against ECW Champion Matt Hardy for another title shot. This led to the two meeting at Armageddon, where Kozlov gained his first pay-per-view win by defeating Hardy in a non-title match.[19] Kozlov competed in the 2009 Royal Rumble match, entering as the sixth participant but was eliminated by Triple H after eliminating The Great Khali, Carlito, and Montel Vontavious Porter. He then qualified to be part of the No Way Out Elimination Chamber match, where he was pinned for the first time after receiving a Last Ride from Undertaker, though he still remained unpinned in one-on-one competition.[20] Kozlov's undefeated streak in televised singles competition ended on the March 2, 2009 episode of Raw, in which he was defeated by Shawn Michaels;[21] this match was for the opportunity to face The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXV. His first televised singles loss on SmackDown came against The Undertaker on March 13, 2009.[22]

ECW and The Ruthless Roundtable (2009–2010)

On April 13, 2009, Kozlov was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 WWE Draft, as ECW's only pick of the night. Shortly after the draft, his character was tweaked to further highlight the training he received within the Russian military. He won his first match on the brand when he easily defeated a local competitor. On the June 30 episode of ECW on Syfy, he teamed with William Regal to defeat Christian and Tommy Dreamer.[23] His first defeat in single's competition on ECW came on the July 9, 2009 edition of ECW, where he lost a number one contender's match to Christian for Tommy Dreamer's ECW Championship at Night of Champions.

On July 21, Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson in which, week after week, after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and hit their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship.[24][25][26][27] On the August 18 episode of ECW, Jackson was set to team with ECW Champion Christian against the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov.[28] Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title.[29][30]

On the December 15 episode of ECW, Kozlov came out with Regal to face Jackson in an ECW Homecoming battle royal qualifying match. During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside, which ultimately cost him the match. After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal, but Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov. This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.

Raw, teaming with Santino, NXT and departure and release (2010–2011)

Kozlov on Friday Night SmackDown.

When the ECW brand came to an end, Kozlov, along with all other ECW talent, became a free agent. Kozlov would make his debut for the Raw brand on March 8, 2010 in a handicap gauntlet match (John Cena vs. Mr. McMahon, Vladimir Kozlov, Drew McIntyre, Jack Swagger & Mark Henry) and became a heel again. On the May 3 edition of Raw, he would team again with his former ECW partner William Regal to face the tag team champions The Hart Dynasty, Kozlov and Regal were defeated when Regal tapped out to David Hart Smith's Sharpshooter. On the May 10 edition of Raw, he appeared backstage with Santino Marella, William Regal, and Flavor Flav in a backstage segment, where Santino asked to join him in a tag team. However, Kozlov refused to join, stating that "he (Santino) always loses". The May 20th edition of Superstars, after Santino made another offer to form a tag team with him, Kozlov beat him in a squash match.

On the May 31st edition of RAW, Kozlov turned face again when he chokeslammed William Regal behind the referee's back during a mixed tag team match, allowing Santino Marella and Eve Torres to pick up the win. On the June 7th edition of Raw, he and Santino Marella were forced to compete in a dance-off, which Kozlov won. On June 14 edition of Raw, Kozlov served as a special referee for the match between William Regal and Santino Marella which Marella won after Kozlov intentionally gave him a fast count. On the June 28th edition of Raw, he fought Marella one on one with the stipulation being if Kozlov loses he would become Marella's tag team partner. He won, however, with Regal interfering after the match. Kozlov stopped Regal with a big boot to the chest and then carried Marella backstage. The following week, he teamed with Santino against William Regal and The Great Khali. Kozlov and Santino went on to win the match, while after the conclusion of the match, The Great Khali hit Regal with the brain chop. In the following weeks, Kozlov and Santino would continue their undefeated streak on both Raw and Superstars.

At Night of Champions 2010 Kozlov and Santino Marella competed in a tag team turmoil match for the WWE Tag Team Championship but were unsuccessful as the titles were won by "Dashing" Cody Rhodes and Drew McIntyre.On the November 15th edition of Raw, Kozlov and Marella fought in a tag team match against The Usos to determine the #1 contenders for the WWE Tag Team Championship. They won the match and faced the reigning tag team champions Heath Slater and Justin Gabriel at the Survivor Series 2010 event in which they lost. They went on to win the Tag Team Championship in a Four-Way elimination tag team match on Raw on December 6, 2010 against The Usos, Slater and Gabriel and the tag team of Mark Henry and Yoshi Tatsu. This marked Kozlov's first ever championship win in WWE. At Tables, Ladders and Chairs Kozlov and Marella defeated Slater and Gabriel by disqualification, which meant they retained the championships. They would also enjoy successful title defenses over the likes of Chavo Guerrero and Drew McIntyre, The Usos, as well as The New Nexus (Husky Harris and Michael McGillicutty).[2] The duo lost the tag titles at Elimination Chamber to Slater and Gabriel, now members of Corre.[31]

On 8th March, Kozlov would then become the Pro to Conor O'Brian on NXT Redemption.[32] On March 22 of NXT Redemption, Kozlov and his rookie O'Brian beat JTG and his rookie Jacob Novak in a dance-off. Afterwards, Kozlov began teaching O'Brian sambo-like dancing and board breaking. O'Brian was eliminated on the June 28, 2011 edition of NXT, being the fourth rookie eliminated from the competition. Kozlov would then go on to feud with JTG on NXT, defeating JTG on three occasions.[33][34][35] Kozlov's last match was on the August 5 episode of SmackDown, where he lost to Mark Henry. Henry then crushed Kozlov's leg after their match. That same day, it was announced that Kozlov had been released from his WWE contract. The following week on Raw CM Punk mentioned Kozlov being released from WWE.[36] In the 5 August 2011 edition of Smackdown, Mark Henry announced that he had ended Vladimir Kozlov career by crushing his leg with a steel chair, has been released from the WWE.

Inoki Genome Federation (2011-present)

On August 30, 2011, it was announced that Prudius would be making his first post-WWE appearance on September 3, working for the Japanese promotion Inoki Genome Federation (IGF) under his new ring name Alexander Kozlov.[1] He made an appearance on September 4th, edition of IGF Wrestling Show in Japan, against Eric Hammer which he lost in under 3 minutes.

Other media

Prudius has made many television appearances. He appeared in the second season of the HBO drama series The Wire, as well as Roksalana and It's Not To Easy on Ukrainian TV.[6] In 2002, he appeared in Spike Lee's film 25th Hour, playing a Russian mafia enforcer.[6] He appeared in the Russian military theatre play Victory Day and a Ukraine University play Three Musketeers.[6]

In wrestling

Marella and Kozlov on Raw November 2010.

Championships and accomplishments

Martial arts

  • Sambo
    • USA Open Heavyweight Sambo Champion (2005)[2]
  • United States Kick-Boxing Association
    • USKBA International Heavyweight Grappling Champion

Professional wrestling

References

  1. ^ a b "Kozlov's in-ring return announced, what is his new wrestling name?". Pro Wrestling Torch. 2011-08-30. http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/quicknews/article_52750.shtml. Retrieved 2011-08-30. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "OWOW profile". http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/v/vladimir-kozlov.html. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "WWE Alumni Bio". WWE. http://www.wwe.com/superstars/wwealumni/vladimirkozlov. Retrieved 2011-08-21. 
  4. ^ http://www.wrestlingdotcom.com/headlines/wwe-wrestler-breaks-hand-at-backlash-hurricane-helms-interview-vladimir-kozlov/
  5. ^ Caldwell, James. "WWE News: Vladimir Kozlov becomes a U.S. citizen today". PWTorch. http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/WWE_News_3/article_37213.shtml. Retrieved 2009-12-07. 
  6. ^ a b c d e "Vladimir Kozlov resume". Carry Company. http://www.carrycompany.com/pdf/prudius.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-16. 
  7. ^ "Oleg Aleksandrovich Prudius - Biography". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1294376/bio. Retrieved 2008-06-17. 
  8. ^ Online World of Wrestling Profile
  9. ^ Passero, Mitch (2008-04-04). "Mixed Emotions". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/04042008/. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  10. ^ Passero, Mitch (2008-05-02). "Championship Friday". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/05022008/. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  11. ^ Passero, Mitch (2008-05-16). "Fear and loathing in Grand Rapids". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/05162008/. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  12. ^ DiFino, Lennie (2008-05-23). "Stood up". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/05232008/. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  13. ^ Burdick, Michael (2008-05-30). "The Animal is Running Wild". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/05302008/. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  14. ^ Passero, Mitch (2008-06-06). "California dreamin'". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/06062008/. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  15. ^ Passero, Mitch (2008-06-20). "Spear of influence". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/06202008/. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  16. ^ Rote, Andrew (2008-06-27). "SmackDown goes gold". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/06272008/. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  17. ^ DiFinno, Lennie (2008-07-11). "SmackDown: Endless love?". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/07112008/. Retrieved 2008-08-13. 
  18. ^ http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/11072008/
  19. ^ http://www.wwe.com/shows/armageddon/matches/8874194/results/
  20. ^ http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/matches/9253224/results/
  21. ^ http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/archive/03022009/
  22. ^ http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/archive/03132009/
  23. ^ Sitterson, Aubrey (2009-04-13). "Rough Draft". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/archive/04132009//. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
  24. ^ Rote, Andrew (2009-07-21). "What's in the cards for ECW?". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw/archive/07212009/. Retrieved 2009-09-19. 
  25. ^ Murphy, Ryan (2009-07-28). "The Christian era begins". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw/archive/07282009/. Retrieved 2009-09-19. 
  26. ^ Medalis, Kara A. (2009-08-04). "Extreme fight to the finish". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw/archive/08042009/. Retrieved 2009-09-19. 
  27. ^ Medalis, Kara A. (2009-08-11). "A Regal No. 1 Contender". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw/archive/08112009/. Retrieved 2009-09-19. 
  28. ^ Medalis, Kara A. (2009-08-18). "A Regal road to SummerSlam". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw/archive/08182009/. Retrieved 2009-09-19. 
  29. ^ Medalis, Kara A. (2009-08-23). "Extreme celebration soured". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/summerslam/matches/11230026/results/. Retrieved 2009-09-19. [dead link]
  30. ^ Medalis, Kara A. (2009-09-13). "One-on-one, Christian rules". World Wrestling Entertainment. http://www.wwe.com/shows/wwebreakingpoint/matches/11599568/results/. Retrieved 2009-09-19. 
  31. ^ Galo Loglisci (2011-04-03). "Eight-Man Tag Team Match". WWE. http://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemaniaxxvii/eight-man-tag. 
  32. ^ Bishop, Matt (2011-03-09). "WWE NXT: Redemption beings for 6 former rookies". Slam! Sports. Canadian Online Explorer. http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2011/03/09/17546731.html. Retrieved 2011-03-09. 
  33. ^ Caldwell, James. "CALDWELL'S WWE NXT RESULTS 5/17: Complete "virtual time" coverage of NXT Season 5, Week 11 - First elimination of the season". PW Torch. http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_50141.shtml. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  34. ^ Caldwell, James. "CALDWELL'S WWE NXT RESULTS 7/19: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of NXT Season 5, Week 20 - Latest Rookie matches & challenges". PW Torch. http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_51546.shtml. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  35. ^ Caldwell, James. "CALDWELL'S WWE NXT RESULTS 8/2: Complete "virtual time" coverage of NXT Season 5, Week 22, plus TUCKER'S INSTANT REACTION". PW Torch. http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_51847.shtml. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  36. ^ "Vladimir Kozlov released". WWE. 2011-08-05. http://www.wwe.com/inside/vladimir-kozlov-released. 
  37. ^ "VS Planet Profile" (in Russian). VS Planet. http://vsplanet.net/superstars/a-z/vladimirkozlov.php. 
  38. ^ Martin, Adam. "8/2 WWE Results: Verona, NY". Wrestleview. http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1249331642. Retrieved 6 August 2011. "Vladmir Kozlov defeated Goldust via pinfall after a spinebuster; after the bout Kozlov tore up a fan's sign" 
  39. ^ Keller, Wade. "KELLER'S ECW ON SYFY REPORT 7/10: Results, star ratings, thoughts, observations, nitpicks, quotebook". PW Torch. http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/font_color_770000_KELLER_S_TAKE_font_11/article_33487.shtml. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  40. ^ a b Tedesco, Mike (2008-09-16). "Smackdown Results - 9/12/08 - Milwaukee, WI ('New #1 Contender')". WrestleView.com. http://www.wrestleview.com/news2008/1221327760.shtml. Retrieved 2009-03-27. 
  41. ^ a b Caldwell, James. "CALDWELL'S ECW TV REPORT 9/8: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of Breaking Point hype - Christian & Dreamer vs. Ruthless Roundtable". PW Torch. http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/TV_Reports_9/article_35153.shtml. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  42. ^ Parks, Greg. "5/9 WWE SMACKDOWN: Parks's Ongoing "Real-Time" Coverage of the show, including what happens with the World Title". PW Torch. http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/TV_Reports_9/article_25548.shtml. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  43. ^ Tedesco, Mike. "Smackdown Results - 3/20/09". Wrestleview. http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1237662624. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  44. ^ a b c Keller, Wade. "KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 11/7: Kozlov vs. Undertaker, Hardy goes Extreme, Triple H & Hardy vs. Miz & Morrison, MVP vs. Khali". PW Torch. http://www.pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/TV_Reports_9/article_27842.shtml. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  45. ^ Wortman, James. "As you like it". WWE. http://sl1.www.wwe.com/shows/raw/archive/06072010/. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  46. ^ "Monumental mauling". WWE. http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw/archive/07142009/mainarticle. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  47. ^ "WWE: The Music Vol 9 CD". wweshop.com. http://www.wweshop.com/Product_detail.asp?cat=cat-newreleases&productId=35-00641. Retrieved 2009-01-05. 
  48. ^ Dee, Louie (2008-05-01). "Music from da Hood". WWE. http://www.wwe.com/subscriptions/wwetunes/3242484/crymetyme. Retrieved 2008-09-22. 
  49. ^ "OVW Heavyweight Championship history". http://www.ovwrestling.com/titles.html#1. 
  50. ^ "Full PWI 500 for 2009". Wrestling Inc. http://ringpsychology.wordpress.com/2009/08/11/full-pwi-500-for-2009/. Retrieved 2008-03-10. 

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Vladimir Kozlov — Oleh Aleksandrowytsch Prudyus Ukraine …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Vladimir Kozlov — Oleg Prudius Oleg Prudius Pseudo(s) de lutte Vladimir Kozlov Taille 2,03 m Poids …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Vladimir Kozlov (réalisateur) — Vladimir Kozlov Données clés Nom de naissance Владимир Георгиевич Козлов Naissance …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Vladimir Kozlov (footballer) — Football player infobox2 playername = Vladimir Kozlov fullname = Vladimir Vladimirovich Kozlov height = nickname = dateofbirth = Birth date and age|1946|3|4|df=y cityofbirth = Moscow countryofbirth = USSR position = Striker youthyears = 1962… …   Wikipedia

  • Kozlov — ( ru. Козлов), or Kozlova (feminine; Козлова) is a common Russian last name. It is derived the sobriquet ru. козёл ( goat , nowadays often perceived as offensive). The name may refer to several people or geographic locations:;People *Alexander… …   Wikipedia

  • Vladimir (prénom) — Vladimir Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Vladimir est un nom propre qui peut désigner : Sommaire 1 Prénom ou patronyme 1.1 Origine du nom …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Vladimir Koslov (bobsleigh) — Vladimir Kozlov (born March 7 1958) is a Soviet bobsledder who competed in the late 1980s. At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, he won two medals with a gold in the two man event and a bronze in the four man event.References* [http://sports123 …   Wikipedia

  • Kozlov —  Cette page d’homonymie répertorie des personnes (réelles ou fictives) partageant un même patronyme. Patronymes Kozlov (masculin ; Козлов) ou Kozlova (féminin ; Козлова) est un patronyme russe porté par plusieurs personnalités (par …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Vladimir — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Vladimir est un nom propre qui peut désigner : Sommaire 1 Prénom ou patronyme 1.1 Origine du nom …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Vladimir Ovchinnikov (painter) — Vladimir Ivanovich Ovchinnikov Born July 14, 1911 Saratov, Russian Empire Died …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”