Gunvor (company)

Gunvor Group Ltd

Type	Private
Industry	Energy
Founded	1997
Founder(s)	Gennady Timchenko Torbjörn Törnqvist
Headquarters	Geneva, Switzerland[citation needed]
Key people	Gennady Timchenko (CEO) Torbjörn Törnqvist (Chairman)
Services	Energy trading
Revenue	US$65 billion (2010)
Owner(s)	Gennady Timchenko Torbjörn Törnqvist
Website	www.gunvorgroup.com

Gunvor Group Ltd is an energy trading company registered in Nicosia, Cyprus^[1] , with major trading operations in Geneva and Singapore. The company operates in the trade, transport and storage of petroleum and other energy products, as well as having investments in oil terminal and port facilities. Its operations consist of securing crude oil upstream and delivering it to market via pipelines and tankers.

The company, which was founded in 1997, is the fourth largest crude oil trader in the world after Glencore, Vitol, and Trafigura, and is controlled by Gennady Timchenko and Torbjörn Törnqvist.^[2][3]

Gunvor's main supplier of crude oil is Russia, though the company also trades African, Asian and South-American crude and is active on all continents.^[4]

"Gunvor" is an Old Norse name meaning "careful in fighting".^[5] Torbjörn Törnqvist's mother was named Gunvor.^{[citation needed]}

Early years

The company was created in 1997, by Gennady Timchenko and Torbjörn Törnqvist. In 2003, the company started operations in Geneva.^[6]

According to the Financial Times, until 2007 the company was a "niche player"^[7] focused on exporting Russian oil through Estonia, relying on the expertise of its two founders in the oil business, Russian market and transit logistics. Torbjörn Törnqvist is a Swedish citizen born in 1953. He has traded oil across the world for over twenty years, beginning his career at BP. Gennady Timchenko is a Finnish citizen born in the Soviet Union in 1952. He has more than 20 years experience in the oil industry, beginning with the Kirishi refinery during perestroika, and was one of the first Russians to export oil to Europe after the Soviet Union collapsed.

In 2007, Gunvor's turnover was US$43 billion, with exports of 83 million tons of oil and petroleum products (60 million tons in 2006) and according to Tornqvist in an interview with Swedish business magazine Affärsvärlden the company expected to increase its volume to 110-115 million tons in 2009 ^[8]. In 2008, turnover was approximately $70 billion.^[9]

Logistics and infrastructures

Gunvor has invested in oil storage facilities, railway transportation as well as port facilities and terminals, therefore ensuring a "comparative advantage over their competitors", according to Törnqvist interviewed by the Financial Times.^[7] According to the company website, Gunvor is associated with a railway oil transportation company (Transoil) and owns its own shipping company, Clearlake Shipping Ltd, which shipped 30% of the Baltic crude oil (20.5 million tonnes) in 2006.^[10]

According to Nefte Compass, from February 2002 to February 2008, Russian oil exports through Gunvor increased sixteen times. The company controls 60% of the volume transiting through Estonia, and 41% of that transit via the port of Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast.

In 2009, Gunvor made major investments into physical assets such as oil terminals and facilities, the largest being into its oil export terminal in the port of Ust-Luga on the Baltic Sea, outside of St-Petersburg. In September 2009, the terminal was sold to Transneft.^[11]

In September 2009, Gunvor made its first direct investment in oil exploration when it purchased a 30% interest in Lagansky block in the Caspian sea from Lundin Petroleum. The field has proven reserves of over 230 million barrels of oil^[12].

Expansion

Gunvor has expanded beyond its Russian roots, and trades globally, including in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and the Americas with its main trading hubs located in Geneva for Europe, New York for America and Singapore for Asia.^{[citation needed]} The group has also opened offices in Amsterdam, Moscow, Houston, Beijing and Nigeria.^{[citation needed]}. Gunvor has stated that it intends to develop its new energy trading division so that it will become a more significant part of a more diversified business.

In 2009, Gunvor established its Global Energy division^[13], focused on trading a broad range of energy commodities including Global Coal and Freight, Emissions and Renewables, Natural Gas and LNG and Power.

The company intends to continue to expand and diversify in 2010, both geographically and across the energy value chain. Marking a new phase in its expansion into the European energy markets, Gunvor entered its first trades in the natural gas, power and carbon markets in January 2010, and extending its trading capability across North West and Central Europe for physical natural gas and coal across the globe.^[14]

In April 2010, the company hired traders who take responsibility for Gunvor's physical-gas positions across continental Europe, D. Smith for as a coal trader in 2010, and Fredrik Bodecke who will be responsible for the Nordic and Baltic electricity markets.^[15]

Ownership

The ownership of Gunvor cannot be ascertained, as it is a privately-owned company. It is said that its two founders hold an equal number of shares, with the balance being held in an employee benefit trust for senior management ^[16].

Following the major Wikileaks release of US State Department cables in November 2010, it was reported by the London Daily Telegraph^[17] that the wealth of Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin is linked to a "secretive Swiss-based oil trading firm" called Gunvor. It said that John Beyrle, the United States Ambassador to the Russian Federation stated that close connections exist between Gunvor and the Russian Government and that he reported: "its secretive ownership is rumoured to include prime minister Putin." The newspaper goes on to report that Gunvor has, however, totally refuted the existence of any links between it and Mr Putin. Gunvor stated in response to the Wikileak disclosure that Timchenko and Tornqvist owned "a large majority of Gunvor" and that a "minority stake is owned by an employee benefit trust". It went on to say that "the company had taken out credit facilities which require full disclosure of company ownership"^[18].

According to former Chairman of the Russian State Duma Ivan Rybkin,^[19][20] and Russian political scientist Stanislav Belkovsky,^[21][22] who's affiliated with Boris Berezovsky (Russian oligarch-in-exile and a political opponent of Putin), Putin controls (among other investments) 50% in Gunvor, run by Gennady Timchenko, a close friend.^[23][24]

The Economist lawsuit

On November 27, 2008, as part of a lengthy special report on Russia, The Economist mentioned Timchenko in an article headlined Grease My Palm^[25], that repeated, briefly, previously published statements about Timchenko and Gunvor. Both parties sued for libel ^[26]. The Economist withdrew the contested material from its website. The lawsuit was settled in July 2009 ^[27]. The Economist published a statement ^[28] stating that:

In a section of our special report on Russia entitled "Grease my palm" (29 November 2008) we referred to Gunvor and its co-founder, Gennady Timchenko. We are happy to make it clear that when we referred to the "new corruption" in today's Russia, we did not intend to suggest that either Gunvor or Mr Timchenko obtained their Russian oil business as a result of payment by them of bribes or like corrupt inducements. Rosneft sells only 30-40% of its oil through Gunvor rather than the "bulk" of Rosneft's oil (as we described it). We accept Gunvor's assurances that neither Vladimir Putin nor other senior Russian political figures have any ownership interest in Gunvor. We regret if any contrary impression was given.

References

1. ^ "Gunvor". GunvorGroup.com. http://www.gunvorgroup.com/. 
2. ^ "Secretive Russian Gunvor becomes number 3 oil trader". Reuters. 2007-10-31. http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKL3180443520071031?sp=true. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
3. ^ "Кому кто повезет". Russian Newsweek. 2007-01-15. http://www.runewsweek.ru/rubrics/print.php?rubric=country&rid=1598. Retrieved 2008-05-10. ^{[dead link]}
4. ^ Paul Samson (2009-04-23). "Gunvor expands into US, Latin America". Nefte Compass (requires a subscription) (Energy Intelligence Group, Inc.). http://www.piwpubs.com/DocumentDetail.asp?Try=Yes&document_id=618834&publication_id=3. Retrieved 2009-05-30. 
5. ^ Nordic names
6. ^ Die Stadt, das Öl und das Geld Capital
7. ^ ^{a b} How Gunvor rose to the top of Russian oil trading, Financial Times, 14 May 2008
8. ^ Affars Varlden
9. ^ Tanya Mosolova (2008-05-15). "Trader Gunvor sees 2008 revenue at $70 bln -report". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKL1565473020080515?sp=true. Retrieved 2008-06-12. 
10. ^ Who is the Tsar of Baltic Oil? Riverlake Group News, January 19 2007
11. ^ Eric Watkins (2009-09-10). "Transneft buys Baltic oil terminal from Gunvor". Oil & Gas Journal (requires subscription) (PennWell Corporation). http://www.ogj.com/index/article-display/0410771688/articles/oil-gas-journal/transportation-2/2009/09/transneft-buys_baltic.html. Retrieved 2010-04-17. 
12. ^ Lundin Petroleum 'Lundin Petroleum partners with Gunvor in the Lagansky block', 2 Sep. 2009
13. ^ Bloomberg, 'Gunvor appoints Essent's Aliabadi head of Global energy Unit', Sept 2 2009
14. ^ Risk-net Gunvor enters natural gas, power and carbon markets]
15. ^ Reza Amanat (2010-04-13). "Gunvor To Expand Global Trading Activity With New Hires". Dow Jones Newswires (The Wall Street Journal). http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100413-709238.html?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines. Retrieved 2010-04-17. ^{[dead link]}
16. ^ Affars Varlden 'Secret Oil billionaires', Sep 22 2009
17. ^ Daily Telegraph Wikileaks: 'Putin's 'secret billions, Dec 03, 2010
18. ^ Oil trading group Gunvor denies Putin links, Financial Times, 2 December 2010
19. ^ Corwin, Julie A. (13 February 2004). "Do not attempt to adjust your set". RFE/RL Reports. Radio Free Europe. http://www.rferl.org/reports/mm/2004/02/3-130204.asp. Retrieved 2007-12-10. 
20. ^ Ирина Романчева (2004-02-03). "Рыбкин собрал компромат на президента. Экс-глава Совбеза России «рассекречивает» бизнесменов из кремлевского окружения" (in Russian). Nezavisimaya Gazeta newspaper. http://www.ng.ru/politics/2004-02-03/2_rybkin.html. Retrieved 2007-12-10. "Now it is Putin who is Russia's biggest business oligarch." 
21. ^ Quiring, Von Manfred (12 November 2007). "Warum Putin gar nicht Präsident bleiben will". Die Welt. http://www.welt.de/politik/article1352592/Warum_Putin_gar_nicht_Praesident_bleiben_will.html. Retrieved 2007-12-04. 
22. ^ Jonas Bernstein (2007-11-19). "Staniskav Belkovsky: Putin will leave power completely". The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 21 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071121013836/http://www.jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2372600. Retrieved 2007-12-06. 
23. ^ Gennadi Timchenko: Russia's most low-profile billionaire Sobesednik № 10, 7 March 2007
24. ^ Миллиардер Тимченко, "друг Путина", стал одним из крупнейших в мире продавцов нефти. NEWSru.com 1 ноября 2007 г.
25. ^ "Grease my palm". The Economist. November 27, 2008. http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12628030. Retrieved 2009-09-01. 
26. ^ La Tribune de Geneve
27. ^ Vedomosti
28. ^ "Gennady Timchenko and Gunvor International BV". The Economist. July 30, 2009. http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14140737. Retrieved 2009-09-01. 

Further reading

• Catherine Belton, Neil Buckley On the offensive: How Gunvor rose to the top of Russian oil trading - Financial Times, May 14, 2008
• Gennady Timchenko Gunvor, Putin and me: the truth about Russian oil trader - Financial Times, May 22, 2008
• An article from Michael J. Economides published by Human Events

External links

• Official website