Duty of loyalty

Companies law
Company · Business
Business entities
Sole proprietorship Partnership (General · Limited · LLP) Corporation Cooperative
United States
S corporation · C corporation LLC · LLLP · Series LLC Delaware corporation Nevada corporation Massachusetts business trust Delaware statutory trust Benefit corporation
UK / Ireland / Commonwealth
Limited company (by shares · by guarantee Public · Proprietary) Unlimited company Community interest company
European Union / EEA
SE · SCE · SPE · EEIG
Elsewhere
AB · AG · ANS · A/S · AS · GmbH K.K. · N.V. · Oy · S.A. · more
Doctrines
Corporate governance Limited liability · Ultra vires Business judgment rule Internal affairs doctrine De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel Piercing the corporate veil Rochdale Principles
Related areas
Contract · Civil procedure
v · d · e

Duty of Loyalty is a term used in corporation law to describe a fiduciaries' "conflicts of interest and requires fiduciaries to put the corporation's interests ahead of their own."^[1] "Corporate fiduciaries breach their duty of loyalty when they divert corporate assets, opportunities, or information for personal gain."^[1]

It is generally acceptable if a director makes a decision for the corporation that profits both him and the corporation. The duty of loyalty is breached when the director puts their interest in front of that of the corporation.

Conditions of self-dealing transaction

• Flagrant Diversion: corporate official stealing tangible corporate assets - "a plain breach of the fiduciary's duty of loyalty since the diversion was unauthorized and the corporation received no benefit in the transaction."^[1]
• Self-Dealing: A key player and the corporation are on opposite sides of the transaction or the key player has helped influence the corporation's decisions to enter the transaction. "When a fiduciary enters into a transaction with the corporation on unfair terms, the effect is the same as if he had appropriated the difference between the transaction's fair value and the transaction's price."^[1]
• Executive Compensation
• Usurping Corporate Opportunity
• Disclosure to Shareholders
• Trading on Inside Information
• Selling out
• Entrenchment
• The key player's personal financial interest are at least potentially in conflict with the financial interests of the corporation.

Ways the proponent of a self-dealing transaction can avoid invalidation

• By showing approval by a majority of disinterested directors
• Showing ratification by shareholders (MBCA 8.63)
• Showing transaction was inherently fair (MBCA 8.61)

U.S. Model Business Corporation Act

Section 8.60 of the Model Business Corporation Act^[2] states there is a conflict of interest when the director knows that at the time of a commitment that he or a related person is 1) a party to the transaction or 2) has a beneficial financial interest in the transaction that the interest and exercises his influence to the detriment of the corporation.

See also

• Self-dealing
• Corporate opportunity
• Duty of care
• Business Judgment Rule
• Fiduciary management

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Corporations. Fifth Edition. Examples and Explanations. Alan R. Palmiter. ASPEN. New York. p. 192.
2. ^ "Model Business Corporation Act, Section 8.60 (PDF)". American Bar Foundation. http://www.abanet.org/buslaw/library/onlinepublications/mbca2002.pdf#page=92. Retrieved 2009-03-17.